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STANBRIDGE UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGY 1 010 Introduction to Sociology

SOC Week 1 Chapter 1

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STANBRIDGE UNIVERSITY

S O C I OL O G Y 1

0 1 0

Introduction to Sociology

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Week 1: Chapter 1 Review

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CHAPTER 1What is sociology? • The scientific study of interactions and relations

among human beings.

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CHAPTER 1W.I. Thomas- • American sociologist. Authored a fundamental

principle of sociology called the Thomas theorem.Thomas theorem-• “If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.” (p.3). To understand the social context one must not only look at what is really going on, but also what people believe is going on.

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CHAPTER 1Industrial revolution-• Series of improvements in industrial technology

that transformed the process of manufactured goods.

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CHAPTER 1Auguste Comte-• Supported the view that ideas, & society as a

whole, pass through three stages: the theological-where religious ideas dominate.

the metaphysical-where systematic thought is stressed.

the positivistic-where science comes to dominate.

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CHAPTER 1Emile Durkheim-• A French sociologist, social psychologist, and

philosopher. Widely regarded as one of the fathers of sociology. Applied scientific methods to sociology as a discipline.Mechanic and organic solidarity-• Mechanical: Homogeneous divisions of labor/ Organic: Heterogeneous division of labor.

Collective conscience-• The totality of beliefs and sentiments common to the average members of the same society. the society was made up of the values, beliefs, norms and goals shared by the people in the particular society.

Social Facts-• Patterned ways of behaving, thinking, and feeling beyond the individual.

Sui generis- Apart from the individual.

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CHAPTER 1Ferdinand Tonnies-• German sociologist who formulated a theory of

modernization that still applies to today's societies: Gemeinschaft (intimate association) and Gesselschaft (impersonal association).

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CHAPTER 1Max Weber-• built upon Marx's theory of social class by

describing three dimensions of one's social class: class position, status, and power.Rational and nonrational behavior-• rational- people began to see one another more and more as means to ends was part of a larger trend.• nonrational- to be experienced or appreciated for itself.

Rationalization of society• Historical change from tradition to rationality as the main type of human thought.

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CHAPTER 1Karl Marx-• All but economy is epiphenomenal.• Explained that most people have one of two

basic relationships to the means of production: They either own productive property or labor for others.

• Explained that capitalist society reproduces the class structure in each new generation.

Proletariat• Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production..

Bourgeoisie• capitalist class, comprising the owners of the means of production.

Means of production• owners of factories that produced the goods sold and distributed throughout society.

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CHAPTER 1Herbert Spencer-• English philosopher who argued that in the

difficult economic struggle for existence, only the fittest would survive.Survival of the fittest-• Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection

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CHAPTER 1Jane Addams-• Social worker in the 19th century who was

instrumental in creating the settlement house movement (Hull House) as a resource for preparing immigrants to live in a new society.

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CHAPTER 1W.E.B. DuBois-• Was highly critical of the race system in the US.

Demanded for both social and economic equality for blacks. Founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1909.

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SOC 204 Goldberg Chapter 1

SOC 204 Goldberg Chapter 1

Education
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santantimo.etrasparenza.it · 19) soc. 20) soc. 21) soc. 22) soc. 23) soc. 24) soc. 25) soc. 26) soc. 27) soc. 28) soc. 29) soc. 30) soc. GI.TA.SI. SRL; STP SRL, DE CHIARA COSTRUZIONI

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