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Bang Bua Canal[ Before]
What is a Canal ?Canals are artificial channels for water.
There are two types of canals:
1. water conveyance canals, which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water. --> Aquaducts
and
2. waterways, which are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans.
Where is Bang Bua Canal ?!
• Bang Bua Canal is located in South east Asia.• The country it is in is called Thailand - as shown by the 2 maps above.• The specific location is about 10 Km’s north of Bangkok; the Captial of the nation.
Location of Bang Bua in Bangkok
Why is there a Canal in Bangkok?
Bangkok was a small trading post at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River during the Ayutthaya Kingdom.
It came to the forefront of Thailand when it was given the status as the capital city in 1768 after the burning of Ayutthaya, the former capital of Siam, the now called Thailand.
The canals in Bangkok were vital to it’s economy - especially in it’s past when trade was the key to success and water transportaion was the most efficient mode of transporting goods and people around.
Fundamentally, Bangkok became the capital city partially due to it’s strong nodal point characteristics. ( CLOSE TO SEA = EASY TRADING/TRANSPORT )
Ayutthaya, 1700’s Bangkok, 2009
=>
General facts.• An elaborate network of canals known as khlongs gave Bangkok the
nickname "Venice of the East" at a time when most transportation was by boat.
• Today, nearly all of the canals have been filled in and converted into streets.
• While many khlongs still exist with people living along them and markets often being operated along the banks, most are severely polluted - Such as Bang Bua canal.
A little background on the upgrading of Bang Bua canal.
• About 3,400 families live in the 12 informal settlements which line the 13 kilometre stretch of Bangkok Bang Bua Canal, many of them vendors, laborers and daily-wage workers.
• After almost a century of living in insecurity, with the daily risk of fires and eviction, and facing constant accusations of polluting the canal, the people living along the Bang Bua canal joined hands with the Baan Mankong Program to upgrade their communities.
How life used to be. { quotes }
Khun Prapaat (Bang Bua Network leader) :
“ We were a real slum before! There were drugs for sale, and lots of outside organizations did their drugs trading here. There were kids sniffing glue and paint thinner.”
“Back then, a lot of the houses were built on stilts right over the canal, and when one of these houses would collapse - which happened a lot - we would say, that is your problem, not mine!”
Old Housing ~< This was what the houses along Bang Bua looked like prior to renovation.
Entire families had to live in one of these shacks !
There are many valid reasons for these houses to be replanned and rebuilt.
Some reasons include :-
• Inadequate space for an acceptable standard of living• Prone to flash floods during monsoon season• Extremely poor sanitation system• Atmosphere was a breeding ground for crime related deeds.• Poor safety for residents in terms of access to public protection (FIRE brigade)• Low levels of community spirit and sense of belonging.• Houses are aesthetically unattractive, creating low esteem levels amongst locals.
Bang Bua Canal[ The Regeneration ]
Table of Contents Klong Bang Bua scheme ACHR CODI Baan Mankong
Klong Bang Bua SchemeAim : Reduce fire hazards, eviction rates and
accusation of canal pollution Improve communities and increase land
tenure
Background on planned improvements: Negotiate a long term lease to the public land
that the canal communities occupy Decrease rental rate to 1 baht per meter per
month (40-70 baht per month) Each family in the community must pay the
treasury department
How to improve?The Canal Due to houses built over the water, the canal was
inaccessible to people and the only way in the canal is in the dangerous wooden walkways made of bamboo and cheap wood.
The Canal Water Raised awareness of water problem, events and
gathering were setup (canal cleanups, presentations) Installation of septic tanks, which cleans the waste
before it is discharged into the main drainage system Installation of kitchen grease filters which filters dirty
kitchen water before going to the drain system Water Treatment
Housing Three types of new housing built :
Detached house, twin houses and row houses
Recycled building materials were used = cost-efficient
Welfare housing and Welfare support for the extremely poor
Housing for renters Houses built by the people of the
community = cost efficient + experience
ACHR ACHR is the Asian Coalition of Housing Rights Established in 1988 by a group of professionals
and social activists ACHR is a part of the Homeless International,
an organization that focuses on urban poverty issues in the developing world
The ACHR tackles the issue of forced evictions, develop opportunities and organisations for the poor.
Consider the poor’s place in the city planning
ACHR in Bangbua The ACHR is a detached
organization that assists and sponsors several of the regeneration projects in Bang Bua.
The SUF team is led by an ACHR former member
Increases the project’s awareness through internet and various media
CODICommunity Organisation Development Institution A public organisation underneath the Ministry of
Social Development and Human Security
The CODI has various aims : Supporting and assisting community
organizations’ career development Increased style of life in the community Development of a strong community in many
areas Systematic improvement of slums into proper
communities
CODI in Bang BuaThe CODI had several roles in the regeneration of
Klong Bang Bua and the Baan Mankong Project
Roles such as: Provider of loans and various subsidies to help
fund the projects Acts as a middle man between the central
government and the communities (plans, ideas, money etc.)
Handles the upgrading budget Assists the Baan Mankong Project
Baan Mankong ProjectAn organisation setup by the Thai
government to address housing problems on Thailand’s poorest urban citizen.
Aims of Project Create land security for the urban poor Develop basic infrastructure Strengthen the community process and the
community organization
Tactics for Improvement
1. Slum upgrading2. Re-blocking3. Land sharing4. Reconstruction5. Relocation
Main Concepts of the Program
1. To solve housing, environmental and tenure problems in the country's already-existing slums.
2. To create housing security for all of Thailand's urban poor. 3. To develop systems to deliver basic services to poor settlements
as a basic right. 4. To construct secure and "livable" dwellings and settlements for all
the country's urban poor. 5. To link the process of developing secure housing and settlements
with a larger and more comprehensive process of community development, which encompasses other aspects such as economics, environment and health.
6. Community people and community networks will be the main implementers of the program, with the support of local development organizations
7. The housing and community development plans in each city will be developed in close connection with other areas of community development.
8. Central organizations will support local community organizations and the local mechanism through the distribution of budgets.
Outcomes No one got pushed out of the community in
the regeneration process, not even the renters Houses built without loans, recycled materials
were used = no debt to community Canal cleaned Canal walkway built for easy access Effective water treatment techniques
implemented Better living conditions
Bang Bua Canal[ After]
The Project
The Bang Bua canal is a large canal in the northern part of Bangkok, which used to be used for boat transport through the city
This is the first case in Bangkok where all the communities along a major canal have come together, formed a network and developed their own plans for redeveloping the whole area: housing, infrastructure, environment, canal water quality, etc…
The Project
There are 112 households in this community. The reconstruction is planned in three phases :
• Phase 1: build 14 houses
• Phase 2 : Build 37 – 40 houses
• Phase 3 : build 35 houses
TOTAL 112 units
Positive Outcomes
New Households: Under reconstruction
Oil Collected from filters: Sold to make candles
Growing Pak boong (kind of vegetable): cleans water in natural way, available to eat, and to sell
Positive Outcomes
Community health centre Filter tank for houses Tourism increased (floating market) 3-meter street along canal
Walking Cars (if necessary)
Positive Outcomes
Eventually, all the families will rebuild their houses, according to the redevelopment plans, except for five very poor families, who don't want to take on any debts, who will stay in their old houses.
People in the community will no longer be afraid of being evicted – by city officials, by government plans or by fire. They feel like nobody can kick them out from this place, because now they have long-term lease for the land.
Negative Outcomes
Boats are no longer able to run along the canal
The walkway will not only be kept open for pedestrian use
Negative Outcomes
The gentrification problem may occur to the local people: Area becoming too expensive to afford for locals
The cost for the development was expensive (144, 945 Baht)
Cheap materials were used for households: Problems may result because of this later on
~The End~