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““INTRODUCTION TO THE INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF STUDY OF FIQH FIQH ””
Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adultsconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (Singapore)conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (Singapore)
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
LESSON # 2 – LESSON # 2 –
THE APPROACHES IN THE APPROACHES IN LEARNING FIQHLEARNING FIQH
And say: O Lord! Increase for me my knowledgeAnd say: O Lord! Increase for me my knowledge
Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.
““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”
UPDATED APRIL 2011UPDATED APRIL 2011
SPECIFIC TO THE CONTEXT OF SINGAPORESPECIFIC TO THE CONTEXT OF SINGAPORE
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
“ “It is He (Allah) Who has sent amongst the It is He (Allah) Who has sent amongst the
Unlettered a messenger (Muhammad) from Unlettered a messenger (Muhammad) from
among themselves, to rehearse to them His Signs, among themselves, to rehearse to them His Signs,
to sanctify them, and to instruct them in Scripture to sanctify them, and to instruct them in Scripture
and Wisdom― although they had been, before, and Wisdom― although they had been, before,
in manifest error― in manifest error― .“.“
((Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2))
Allah SWT clearly informs us here the primary function
Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w. was sent for, and he ought to be
remembered especially by Muslims - as the educator par
excellence for us all.
In this verse, even the methodology in his education follows an
ADAB and emphasises the learning from KITAAB (Al-Qur’an)
and HIKMAH (Wisdom).
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
“Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if
a contingent from every expedition remained
behind, they could devote themselves to
studies in religion (YU-FAQQIH FID-DEEN) and
admonish the people when they return to
them― that thus they (may learn) to guard
themselves (against evil). "?
((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 122Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 122))
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
“ “Who is better in speech than one who calls (men) Who is better in speech than one who calls (men)
to Allah (to Allah (DA-’AA- ILALLAHDA-’AA- ILALLAH), works righteousness ), works righteousness
(‘(‘AMALAN SWOLIHAAMALAN SWOLIHA), and says "I am of those ), and says "I am of those
who bow in Islam"?who bow in Islam"?
((Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 33Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 33))
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
8All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
““O ye who believe! (Be conscious of Allah and) O ye who believe! (Be conscious of Allah and)
Fear Allah (Fear Allah (TAQWATAQWA) and be with those who are ) and be with those who are
true (in words and deeds)- true (in words and deeds)- AS-SWODIQEENAS-SWODIQEEN” ”
((Qur’an: Taubah:9: 119Qur’an: Taubah:9: 119))
We the prophets are commanded to place people We the prophets are commanded to place people
according to their station and to speak unto them according to their station and to speak unto them
in accordance with their intellectual capacity.in accordance with their intellectual capacity.
((Hadith reported by Abu Dawud from A’isyah r.aHadith reported by Abu Dawud from A’isyah r.a.).)
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.A.W. SAID:PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.A.W. SAID:
“A learned FAQIH (scholar & teacher) is truly FAQIH, one who does not cause others to
feel despair from receiving the mercy of Allah (i.e. overly strict and too ‘harsh’); and
neither does he (give the impression by his behaviour, a guarantees as if ) anyone can
avert or withhold the wrath (punishment) of Allah, nor allows opportunity (by giving
dispensation) for anyone to disobey Allah (i.e. being inappropriately lax and too ‘nice’).
(Hilyatul-Auliya: 1-73 – as quoted by M.Natsir in Fiqhud-Da’wah)
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
WISE SAYING OF IMAM ‘ALI BIN ABI TOLIB R.A.WISE SAYING OF IMAM ‘ALI BIN ABI TOLIB R.A.
11All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
””Verily this is knowledge (contains the rules) of the Verily this is knowledge (contains the rules) of the DEENDEEN
(Religion), so look thoroughly into (Religion), so look thoroughly into
the person from whom you acquire the person from whom you acquire
(the knowledge of) your (the knowledge of) your DEENDEEN (Religion).” (Religion).”
Imam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rhm.a) advices and warns us Muslims:Imam Muhammad ibnu Sirrin (rhm.a) advices and warns us Muslims:
13All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
””The similitude of those who were charged with the The similitude of those who were charged with the
(obligations of the) Mosaic Law, but who (obligations of the) Mosaic Law, but who
subsequently failed in those (obligations), is that of a subsequently failed in those (obligations), is that of a
donkey which carries huge tomes (but understands donkey which carries huge tomes (but understands
them not). Evil is the similitude of people who falsify them not). Evil is the similitude of people who falsify
the Signs of Allah: and Allah guides not people who the Signs of Allah: and Allah guides not people who
do wrong.” do wrong.”
((Qur’an: Jumu’at: 62: 5Qur’an: Jumu’at: 62: 5) )
Ever since the colonial days, the education of Muslims has Ever since the colonial days, the education of Muslims has
been dualistic :-been dualistic :-
[1] In learning their religion & religious duty, traditionally it was [1] In learning their religion & religious duty, traditionally it was
carried out by the community, as before the coming of the carried out by the community, as before the coming of the
British.British.
[2] Then came the state schooling system – for Malay/Muslims it [2] Then came the state schooling system – for Malay/Muslims it
began with vernacular schools with Islamic knowledge.began with vernacular schools with Islamic knowledge.
[3] Later even this conflated into the English medium with IRK [3] Later even this conflated into the English medium with IRK
(Islamic religious knowledge) – but later IRK was scrapped.(Islamic religious knowledge) – but later IRK was scrapped.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
So, in ensuring that the learning and teaching of Islam is So, in ensuring that the learning and teaching of Islam is
sustained, the matter rests entirely with the community and sustained, the matter rests entirely with the community and
its infrastructure - its infrastructure - MadrasahMadrasah. .
The most crucial factor has all along been the Muslim The most crucial factor has all along been the Muslim
scholars, teachers and philanthropists – they constitute scholars, teachers and philanthropists – they constitute
pillars of the traditional pillars of the traditional MadrasahMadrasah institution. institution.
(Full-time) Students of these (Full-time) Students of these MadrasahMadrasah, although important, , although important,
their numbers (cohorts) usually were relatively few as most their numbers (cohorts) usually were relatively few as most
Muslim children opted for the state or national schooling.Muslim children opted for the state or national schooling.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
“Nor should the Believers all go forth together: if a
contingent from every expedition remained
behind, they could devote themselves to studies
in religion (YU-FAQQIH FID-DEEN) and admonish
the people when they return to them― that thus
they (may learn) to guard themselves (against
evil). "?
((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 122Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 122))
Even then, every Muslim must realise the importance of our Even then, every Muslim must realise the importance of our
community’s dependence upon these traditional community’s dependence upon these traditional MadrasahMadrasah
to generate the crucial life-blood of to generate the crucial life-blood of ‘Ulama ‘Ulama (Islamic scholars) (Islamic scholars)
and and AsaatizahAsaatizah for the present and future generation. for the present and future generation.
Their primary objective has all along been in ensuring, the Their primary objective has all along been in ensuring, the
general Muslims religious education in general Muslims religious education in Fardhu ‘Ain Fardhu ‘Ain would would
continue through their graduates. Even without adequate continue through their graduates. Even without adequate
support, their staff underpaid and relatively deprived of support, their staff underpaid and relatively deprived of
proper training, we Muslims continue to benefit from them. proper training, we Muslims continue to benefit from them.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
Every Muslims here begins with the basic - Every Muslims here begins with the basic - PRIMERPRIMER..
Traditionally in Traditionally in NUSANTARANUSANTARA, it begins with a concise text like the genre – (, it begins with a concise text like the genre – (kitabkitab):):
SAFINATUN-NAJAA - FEE-USUUL-AD-DEEN -WA-AL-FIQHSAFINATUN-NAJAA - FEE-USUUL-AD-DEEN -WA-AL-FIQH
Meaning of “Meaning of “FIQHFIQH” became conflated to the understanding ” became conflated to the understanding
merely of the jurisprudence.merely of the jurisprudence.
The original meaning generally encompasses the adequate The original meaning generally encompasses the adequate
understanding of the entire understanding of the entire DEEN :DEEN :
( ( AQEEDAH – FIQH – AKHLAQ AQEEDAH – FIQH – AKHLAQ ).).
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
By current convention, the learning of “By current convention, the learning of “FIQHFIQH” we mean the ” we mean the
knowledge of jurisprudence; the knowing of the legal rulings knowledge of jurisprudence; the knowing of the legal rulings
of acts of commission or omission in a Muslim’s life, guided of acts of commission or omission in a Muslim’s life, guided
and in compliance with the and in compliance with the SHARI’AHSHARI’AH ( (Divine lawDivine law).).
And the predominant school of jurisprudence (here for us) And the predominant school of jurisprudence (here for us)
has been the has been the SHAFI-’IE MADZHABSHAFI-’IE MADZHAB..
Also, the medium of instruction regarding Islam in this region Also, the medium of instruction regarding Islam in this region
NUSANTARANUSANTARA is the Malay or Indonesian language. is the Malay or Indonesian language.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
The traditional The traditional MadrasahMadrasah (religious schools) are geared (religious schools) are geared
towards producing Islamic scholars and teachers – the towards producing Islamic scholars and teachers – the
specialists in the sciences of the specialists in the sciences of the DEEN. DEEN. (‘Ulum ad-deen)(‘Ulum ad-deen)
It was from these that our traditional Islamic religious It was from these that our traditional Islamic religious
teachers and scholars attained their education and training. teachers and scholars attained their education and training.
Yet when they teach the general ‘lay’ Muslims, they had to Yet when they teach the general ‘lay’ Muslims, they had to
depend upon, or to develop a modified curriculum for their depend upon, or to develop a modified curriculum for their
learning learning FIQHFIQH – more towards guiding them in their practices. – more towards guiding them in their practices.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
Thus we were fortunate for such capable Islamic scholars / Thus we were fortunate for such capable Islamic scholars /
teachers (although only very few) in the past who were able teachers (although only very few) in the past who were able
to present, what was needed by general Muslims for their to present, what was needed by general Muslims for their
education on Islam, rather than a wholesale regurgitation of education on Islam, rather than a wholesale regurgitation of
the traditional the traditional MadrasahMadrasah curriculum which they themselves curriculum which they themselves
had learnt.had learnt.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
Although this approach may have proven to be the most Although this approach may have proven to be the most
effective and prevalent for the general masses in the past, yet effective and prevalent for the general masses in the past, yet
we must ensure that it be constantly revised and further we must ensure that it be constantly revised and further
developed in accordance with the context of evolving societal developed in accordance with the context of evolving societal
conditions of Muslims.conditions of Muslims.
As for those in the full-time As for those in the full-time MadrasahMadrasah, due to the specialised , due to the specialised
nature of their education, it should be separately assessed nature of their education, it should be separately assessed
regarding their contextual needs.regarding their contextual needs.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
Our suggestion here is for Muslims in general learning Islam Our suggestion here is for Muslims in general learning Islam
outside the outside the MadrasahMadrasah – which do not need to have similar – which do not need to have similar
curriculum.curriculum.
Notwithstanding these general Muslims, there has been a Notwithstanding these general Muslims, there has been a
few exceptions amongst them, those more committed who few exceptions amongst them, those more committed who
wished for a specialised traditional Curriculum – usually wished for a specialised traditional Curriculum – usually
comprising working adults engaged in a life-long continual comprising working adults engaged in a life-long continual
learning path similar to the full-time learning path similar to the full-time MadrasahMadrasah students. students.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
They were usually enrolled in a private ‘They were usually enrolled in a private ‘HALAQAHHALAQAH’ (study ’ (study
circle) outside the circle) outside the MadrasahMadrasah, usually conducted by very , usually conducted by very
seniorsenior Sheikh Sheikh , for only small selected group of very , for only small selected group of very
dedicated ‘lay’ Muslims with passion for such knowledge, dedicated ‘lay’ Muslims with passion for such knowledge,
and with aspirations to follow in the footsteps of their and with aspirations to follow in the footsteps of their
teachers. teachers.
Many of whom were granted permission to even became Many of whom were granted permission to even became
Islamic teachers and scholars, after undergoing tutelage and Islamic teachers and scholars, after undergoing tutelage and
mentoring over some years.mentoring over some years.All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
When we speak of learning and education in Islam, the role of When we speak of learning and education in Islam, the role of
the learned scholar – the learned scholar – MU’ALLIMMU’ALLIM, the , the USTAZUSTAZ (teacher) whose (teacher) whose
capacity is also as a capacity is also as a MU-ADDIB MU-ADDIB (Educator) who provides (Educator) who provides
IRSHADAHIRSHADAH (spiritual guidance) etc., cannot be overlooked. (spiritual guidance) etc., cannot be overlooked.
Remember, the Remember, the ‘ULAMA ‘ULAMA is an ‘institution’ within the persons is an ‘institution’ within the persons
or the personalities - and cannot be ‘hijacked’ by the corporate or the personalities - and cannot be ‘hijacked’ by the corporate
people as though to refer to organizations, bodies, schools etc.people as though to refer to organizations, bodies, schools etc.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
TEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATIONTEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATION
The proper development of Islamic teachers : with the The proper development of Islamic teachers : with the
correct belief, worldview, passion and committed to correct belief, worldview, passion and committed to
DA’WAHDA’WAH, who understand the , who understand the AMANAHAMANAH (Trust) which they (Trust) which they
are supposed to be shouldering, constantly vigilant regarding are supposed to be shouldering, constantly vigilant regarding
the challenges to the the challenges to the UMMAHUMMAH etc. - is the most vital etc. - is the most vital
consideration.consideration.
Without this factor – the teachers, their training and their Without this factor – the teachers, their training and their
development - it is rather useless to speak of any curriculum.development - it is rather useless to speak of any curriculum.All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
TEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATIONTEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATION
Unfortunately today, certain people’s obsession with only Unfortunately today, certain people’s obsession with only
producing texts, experimenting with educational aids and producing texts, experimenting with educational aids and
latest in information technology , overawed by other system latest in information technology , overawed by other system
of learning, that they inadvertently ignored the difference in of learning, that they inadvertently ignored the difference in
the Islamic educational philosophy, the aims, approach and the Islamic educational philosophy, the aims, approach and
objective etc. until Muslims are learning ‘Islam’ merely as objective etc. until Muslims are learning ‘Islam’ merely as
subjects, rather than subjecting themselves to ‘Islam’.subjects, rather than subjecting themselves to ‘Islam’.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
TEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATIONTEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATION
Thus, the tendency towards teaching Thus, the tendency towards teaching FIQHFIQH as subjects to be as subjects to be
taught according to whatever text / books popularly chosen taught according to whatever text / books popularly chosen
may be predominant. And given that most of these books may be predominant. And given that most of these books
were written as reference manual on were written as reference manual on FIQHFIQH, the class should , the class should
rather focus on students understanding, inculcating the rather focus on students understanding, inculcating the
appreciation of how relevant these rulings are to Muslims in appreciation of how relevant these rulings are to Muslims in
life. Therefore this depends much upon who is teaching life. Therefore this depends much upon who is teaching FIQHFIQH..
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
TEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATIONTEACHER : AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATION
It must be noted that today, with the availability of easy It must be noted that today, with the availability of easy
access to books and information on the internet; with greater access to books and information on the internet; with greater
reliance to self-study rather than undergoing right tutelage reliance to self-study rather than undergoing right tutelage
under the guidance of competent teachers; with the under the guidance of competent teachers; with the
proliferations of ideologies of groups promoting unknown proliferations of ideologies of groups promoting unknown
agendas in the name of Islam; - Muslims being deprived of a agendas in the name of Islam; - Muslims being deprived of a
competent teacher’s guidance in competent teacher’s guidance in FIQHFIQH should be a very grave should be a very grave
concern - indeed.concern - indeed.All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENTCHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT
Indeed it is alarming, with people entering discourses and Indeed it is alarming, with people entering discourses and
meddling in Islam beyond their competency (by Muslims and meddling in Islam beyond their competency (by Muslims and
even non-Muslims), and compounded by the relative even non-Muslims), and compounded by the relative
ignorance of general Muslims regarding their own basics ignorance of general Muslims regarding their own basics
knowledge of their knowledge of their DEENDEEN. Especially when this involves . Especially when this involves
specialized fields and subjects, for which they do not have specialized fields and subjects, for which they do not have
any authority to be giving their opinion to the public.any authority to be giving their opinion to the public.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENTCHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT
Can any one claim the right to be involved in giving or Can any one claim the right to be involved in giving or
engaging in serious discourse in other specialised fields like engaging in serious discourse in other specialised fields like
medicine or engineering without adequate knowledge? medicine or engineering without adequate knowledge?
Or even if one knows something about draughtsmanship or Or even if one knows something about draughtsmanship or
have read medical journals, without the proper training and have read medical journals, without the proper training and
approval of the true practitioners in their respective fields, approval of the true practitioners in their respective fields,
messing in these would be deemed a crime – wouldn’t it?messing in these would be deemed a crime – wouldn’t it?
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENTCHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
CHANGE IN LINGUA FRANCACHANGE IN LINGUA FRANCA
““We sent not a messenger except (to teach) in the language We sent not a messenger except (to teach) in the language
of his (own) people, in order to make (things) clear to them.”of his (own) people, in order to make (things) clear to them.”
((Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 4Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 4))
When the When the lingua franca lingua franca for Islamic discourse is predominantly for Islamic discourse is predominantly
in Malay, the presence of so many of our traditionally trained in Malay, the presence of so many of our traditionally trained
ASAATIZAHASAATIZAH has ensured adequate supervision to oversee and has ensured adequate supervision to oversee and
correct whatever misconceptions that may arise amongst correct whatever misconceptions that may arise amongst
general Muslims.general Muslims.
But the trend now is that discourses in English has become But the trend now is that discourses in English has become
more predominant and may replace the more predominant and may replace the lingua francalingua franca..
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
CHANGE IN LINGUA FRANCACHANGE IN LINGUA FRANCA
Teaching Islam in English now is increasingly in demand and Teaching Islam in English now is increasingly in demand and
many classes are eagerly started. Who are teaching?many classes are eagerly started. Who are teaching?
Yet, from my experience in this field, the approach and Yet, from my experience in this field, the approach and
curriculum cannot merely be by translating or converting curriculum cannot merely be by translating or converting
whatever has been done in Malay into English (as some may whatever has been done in Malay into English (as some may
have simplistically presumed).have simplistically presumed).
Or even by transplanting these from other (Western) country.Or even by transplanting these from other (Western) country.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
CHANGE IN LINGUA FRANCACHANGE IN LINGUA FRANCA
Also the Also the MAD’UMAD’U (the audience for (the audience for DA’WAHDA’WAH and students) their and students) their
exposure and background, may require special responses – exposure and background, may require special responses –
viz. be they converts from other religion, youth, adults, an viz. be they converts from other religion, youth, adults, an
agnostics, secularist, sceptics, atheists, etc.agnostics, secularist, sceptics, atheists, etc.
A concern too, is the proficiency (or rather the lack of it) of A concern too, is the proficiency (or rather the lack of it) of
many many ASAATIZAHASAATIZAH in use of English, since the teaching of Faith in use of English, since the teaching of Faith
requires convincing and very engaging , communication skills.requires convincing and very engaging , communication skills.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
CHANGE IN LINGUA FRANCACHANGE IN LINGUA FRANCA
Qualified graduates from Islamic learning centres, even those Qualified graduates from Islamic learning centres, even those
proficient in English, are advised to seek refer to or (if they proficient in English, are advised to seek refer to or (if they
have any humility) to spend some time to learn from those have any humility) to spend some time to learn from those
with much experience and already been involved for years in with much experience and already been involved for years in
this field locally - rather than trying to ‘this field locally - rather than trying to ‘re-invent the wheelre-invent the wheel’.’.
Especially useful is to know the kind of ‘Especially useful is to know the kind of ‘questions, arguments questions, arguments
and concernsand concerns’ which contemporary audience frequently posed.’ which contemporary audience frequently posed.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
CHANGE IN LINGUA FRANCACHANGE IN LINGUA FRANCA
The traditional approach for teaching and learning The traditional approach for teaching and learning FIQHFIQH is is
towards becoming a religious scholars or teachers. towards becoming a religious scholars or teachers.
For these, their curriculum on For these, their curriculum on FIQHFIQH is similar or equivalent to is similar or equivalent to
that in full-time that in full-time MadrasahMadrasah and may prepare such students and may prepare such students
with one of the qualification for pursuing further studies in with one of the qualification for pursuing further studies in
higher centres of learning – specializing in Islamic studies.higher centres of learning – specializing in Islamic studies.
This may not be suitable for most of the Muslims (generally).This may not be suitable for most of the Muslims (generally).
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
DEPENDING UPON NEEDS – AIM OF LEARNING FIQH DEPENDING UPON NEEDS – AIM OF LEARNING FIQH
NOTENOTE: Those aiming to be scholars must not regard that with : Those aiming to be scholars must not regard that with
this component/subject this component/subject FIQHFIQH, as being adequate for it must , as being adequate for it must
include also other related field of specialised studies viz. include also other related field of specialised studies viz.
Arabic, Qur’an, ‘Ulum-al-Qur’an, Tafsir, Ahadith, ‘Ulum al-Arabic, Qur’an, ‘Ulum-al-Qur’an, Tafsir, Ahadith, ‘Ulum al-
Hadith, Seerah, Tarikh, Usul-Fiqh, Aqeedah, AkhlaqHadith, Seerah, Tarikh, Usul-Fiqh, Aqeedah, Akhlaq, , Da’wahDa’wah
etc. because Islamic scholars cannot go into specialization etc. because Islamic scholars cannot go into specialization
without adequate learning in (eclectic) sciences of the without adequate learning in (eclectic) sciences of the DEENDEEN..
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
DEPENDING UPON NEEDS – AIM OF LEARNING FIQH DEPENDING UPON NEEDS – AIM OF LEARNING FIQH
Here, I am sharing what I’ve envisaged (and which I am Here, I am sharing what I’ve envisaged (and which I am
continuously implementing) as the curriculum in learning continuously implementing) as the curriculum in learning
FIQHFIQH for new Muslims (in English) – or for those who may for new Muslims (in English) – or for those who may
only be able to attend classes for a short duration (perhaps only be able to attend classes for a short duration (perhaps
once a week).once a week).
Their needs in Their needs in FIQHFIQH are somewhat different from those are somewhat different from those
intending to be specialist in the knowledge of the intending to be specialist in the knowledge of the DEENDEEN..
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
THE CURRICULUM – (GENERAL) THE CURRICULUM – (GENERAL)
Also of late, many confusion did arose when matters of Also of late, many confusion did arose when matters of
““KHILAAFIYAHKHILAAFIYAH” (Difference of opinion amongst the ” (Difference of opinion amongst the
MADZAAHIBMADZAAHIB) were callously introduced by certain groups.) were callously introduced by certain groups.
Perhaps in seeking followers, they may resort with utter Perhaps in seeking followers, they may resort with utter
inconsiderate (even stooping to instigation) ‘critique’ or by inconsiderate (even stooping to instigation) ‘critique’ or by
belittling certain opinions of predominant school belittling certain opinions of predominant school MADZHABMADZHAB
which most Muslims here have already been earlier taught.which most Muslims here have already been earlier taught.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
THE CURRICULUM – (GENERAL) THE CURRICULUM – (GENERAL)
Also, many may have gone on to study Also, many may have gone on to study FIQHFIQH without being without being
adequately introduced to this field of study - how it is placed adequately introduced to this field of study - how it is placed
within the overall educational need of a Muslim – the within the overall educational need of a Muslim – the
bigger schema; aim and purpose of the study; relevant bigger schema; aim and purpose of the study; relevant
history of its development; how to learn; etc. This history of its development; how to learn; etc. This
knowledge is crucial.knowledge is crucial.
In accordance with In accordance with ADABADAB, all these should be provided in , all these should be provided in
what we termed “Introductory Module” - what we termed “Introductory Module” - MUQADDIMAHMUQADDIMAH . .All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
THE CURRICULUM – (GENERAL) THE CURRICULUM – (GENERAL)
We fear for possible loss of We fear for possible loss of ADABADAB amongst these students and amongst these students and
the danger of ‘anarchy’ as some in their ignorance, even are the danger of ‘anarchy’ as some in their ignorance, even are
advocating the doing away of the need to follow advocating the doing away of the need to follow MADZHABMADZHAB..
We are not against their learning comparative We are not against their learning comparative MADZAAHIBMADZAAHIB
(as advance study) but this is reserved only for those who are (as advance study) but this is reserved only for those who are
already competent in the initial already competent in the initial MADZHABMADZHAB they were on, and they were on, and
who knows and have the who knows and have the ADABADAB in matters of in matters of KHILAAFIYAHKHILAAFIYAH..
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
THE CURRICULUM – (GENERAL) THE CURRICULUM – (GENERAL)
REVISITING THE “TAUREVISITING THE “TAUHHEEDIC PARADIGM” EEDIC PARADIGM” CHART - IN A MUSLIM’S EDUCATIONCHART - IN A MUSLIM’S EDUCATION
* From Fardhu ‘Ain class slides & “Beginners Manual on Islam” - Addendum
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
49
‘ILM FIQH(Practical Laws for life;
Learning of the Shari’ah)
Purpose / ObjectiveDevelopment of Correct Practices;
Submission & Obedience to Will of Allah (Islam)
What is involved?Knowing the law, rules as Guidance to every aspect of life
Capability to implementing them in life
What is the Effect?To develop a community of people,
Inviting to what is goodEnjoining what is right, and forbidding evil,
Advocating the fulfilment of AMANAH (Trust)As Allah’s Khalifah (vicegerent),
Establishing the Brotherhood of Man in The servitude of One God.
TauTauhheedic paradigmeedic paradigm
REVISIT THE “TAUREVISIT THE “TAUHHEEDIC PARADIGM” CHART - IN A MUSLIM’S EDUCATIONEEDIC PARADIGM” CHART - IN A MUSLIM’S EDUCATION
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
50
‘ILM FIQH(Practical Laws for life;
Learning of the Shari’ah)
Purpose / ObjectiveDevelopment of Correct Practices;
Submission & Obedience to Will of Allah (Islam)
What is involved?Knowing the law, rules as Guidance to every aspect of life
Capability to implementing them in life
What is the Effect?To develop a community of people,
Inviting to what is goodEnjoining what is right, and forbidding evil,
Advocating the fulfilment of AMANAH (Trust)As Allah’s Khalifah (vicegerent),
Establishing the Brotherhood of Man in The servitude of One God.
BROAD EXTENT OF TOPICS COVERED IN FIQHBROAD EXTENT OF TOPICS COVERED IN FIQH‘‘ibadah ibadah (personal devotion / worship) (personal devotion / worship) MuamalahMuamalah (social transaction) (social transaction) MunakahahMunakahah (Marriage & family) (Marriage & family) Irth / fara’id Irth / fara’id (Distribution of wealth)(Distribution of wealth) JinayahJinayah (crimes & punishment) (crimes & punishment) Qodha’iyahQodha’iyah (judiciary)(judiciary) jihad / Da’wah jihad / Da’wah (struggle in war & peace)(struggle in war & peace) imarahimarah (Leadership/government)(Leadership/government)
TauTauhheedic paradigmeedic paradigm
REVISIT THE “TAUREVISIT THE “TAUHHEEDIC PARADIGM” CHART - IN A MUSLIM’S EDUCATIONEEDIC PARADIGM” CHART - IN A MUSLIM’S EDUCATION
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
51
‘ILM FIQH(Practical Laws for life;
Learning of the Shari’ah)
Purpose / ObjectiveDevelopment of Correct Practices;
Submission & Obedience to Will of Allah (Islam)
What is involved?Knowing the law, rules as Guidance to every aspect of life
Capability to implementing them in life
What is the Effect?To develop a community of people,
Inviting to what is goodEnjoining what is right, and forbidding evil,
Advocating the fulfilment of AMANAH (Trust)As Allah’s Khalifah (vicegerent),
Establishing the Brotherhood of Man in The servitude of One God.
RELEVANT COMPLEMENTARY RELEVANT COMPLEMENTARY KNOWLEDGE:KNOWLEDGE:
All applied sciences, technologyAll applied sciences, technologyand skills, knowledge of economics, politics, and skills, knowledge of economics, politics,
social & administrative social & administrative sciences etc. that can assist in the sciences etc. that can assist in the
fulfilment of establishing justice, order, peace, fulfilment of establishing justice, order, peace, harmony, prosperity, physical harmony, prosperity, physical
with moral progress, and the well-being with moral progress, and the well-being of Man & society, etc.of Man & society, etc.
TauTauhheedic paradigmeedic paradigm
REVISIT THE “TAUREVISIT THE “TAUHHEEDIC PARADIGM” CHART - IN A MUSLIM’S EDUCATIONEEDIC PARADIGM” CHART - IN A MUSLIM’S EDUCATION
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
However in Singapore, where Muslims generally However in Singapore, where Muslims generally
attend part-time classes on Islam (usually only once a attend part-time classes on Islam (usually only once a
week), it would not be possible to follow this curriculum / week), it would not be possible to follow this curriculum /
quantum (unless for the exceptional few who can give quantum (unless for the exceptional few who can give
more of their time and be fully committed to engage in more of their time and be fully committed to engage in
regular regular HalaqahHalaqah, as stipulated by mentor / Sheikh)., as stipulated by mentor / Sheikh).
Therefore, the following (our suggestion) here is meant Therefore, the following (our suggestion) here is meant
for the general Muslims or new Muslims (convert or for the general Muslims or new Muslims (convert or
novice), as introduction to learning novice), as introduction to learning FIQHFIQH (part-time). (part-time).All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
Below are the major suggested topics, I have incorporated:Below are the major suggested topics, I have incorporated:
ADABADAB IN LEARNING IN LEARNING
OVERVIEW AND INTRODUCTION TO OVERVIEW AND INTRODUCTION TO MADZHABMADZHAB
KNOWING RELEVANT HISTORY AND CONTEXT (KNOWING RELEVANT HISTORY AND CONTEXT (WAQI’IYWAQI’IY))
PRIORITY OF THE SUBJECT TO LEARN (PRIORITY OF THE SUBJECT TO LEARN (AWLAAWIYYAAWLAAWIYYA))
LEARNING KNOWLEDGE (LEARNING KNOWLEDGE (FIQHFIQH) FOR ) FOR APPLICATION APPLICATION IN LIFE.IN LIFE.
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011))
MUQADDIMAH: THE SEQUENCE OF TOPIC – SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE MUQADDIMAH: THE SEQUENCE OF TOPIC – SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:
http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/
http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/
http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/
http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/
http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/
http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/
http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/
http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail [2011]All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail [2011]