Single Story Residential Structures

Single story residentialStrategy and Tactics

Another tool for the tool box

Learning objectives

• 1. Define:

– On Scene

– Level 1 staging

– On deck

– Backup

– Recycle

Learning objectives

• 2. State the three tactical objectives

• 3. Define the three rules of risk assessment

• 4. Describe the parts of the Initial Radio Report

• 5. Describe the parts of the Follow up report

• 6. Cite the ICFD three rules of radio usage

• 7. Identify the benefits of a transitional attack on residential structures

Learning objectives

• 8. Develop an IAP, based on the tactical objectives and risk benefit analysis for the following scenarios

1.Working fire , no vent

2.Working fire, fire showing Alpha side

3.Working fire, fire showing, Charlie Side

4.Working fire, fire showing Bravo/Delta side

Learning objective 1

Choose your favorite four letter swear word:@#$%

How many different meanings does that word have?

Happy, sad, angry, indifferent? More?

Standardization of verbiage results in clear, concise communication.

On Scene

• The arrival message of the first arriving Engine, Truck and Battalion Chief.

• Begins level one staging procedures for all responding apparatus of the same type.

Level one staging

• Arrival message of all subsequent arriving apparatus of the same type.

• You will stage at the last, best tactical option.

– Engines- typically a hydrant

– Trucks/Ladders- For best utility.

On Deck OG 215.09

A forward staging position located outside the immediate hazard zone, safely distanced from the entrance of a tactical position. The first crew assigned to the “on deck” position will set up the RIC function. On deck crews will be supervised either by the IC, Division/Group Supervisor or company officer and they will remain “on deck” until assigned differently. The most likely assignments for “on deck”• RIC• Reinforce a position within an assigned division/group.• Relief crew within an assigned division/group.• Any other tactical position assigned by the IC.

On Deck OG 125.03

• A company available for assistance or assignment, but stationed in a particular division or on a particular side of the structure. There can be multiple on deck companies in each division. The on deck crew is also the first crew available in case of a MAYDAY or emergency situation requiring assistance.

Backup

• Assigned by the IC to fulfill the function(s)

– Ensuring a second means of water application is made ready for immediate use.

– Assisting the primary fire attack crew in whatever they need to control the fire.

Recycle OG 125.03

The process of a company exiting the IDLH atmosphere to replace their empty SCBA cylinders, hydrate if necessary, and then return to the division/group/area from which they came to either continue their assigned task or be placed on deck.

Review question

• How does the standardization of verbiage result in clear, concise communication?


Tactical priorities:

– 1. Life Safety

– 2. Incident Stabilization/Fire Control

– 3. Property Conservation

These tactical priorities are listed in 1-2-3 order, and they must be approached in that order.

OG-215.08

Describe the three tactical priorities.

• All fire ground efforts must be undertaken to preserve life as the primary strategy.

• Fire Suppression, Search, and Ventilation are all tactics to be used in accomplishing the primary strategy.

Tactical priorities

• Each comes with its own benchmark for completion

– Life safety All clear

– Fire control Under control

– Property conservation Loss stopped

Review Question

• What are the three tactical priorities?


We will risk our lives a lot to save savable lives

We will risk our lives a little, in a highly calculated manner, to save savable property

We will not risk our lives AT ALL, for what is already lost (People or property)

What are the three rules of Fire ground Risk management planning?

Review Question

• Where does this fall in risk management profiling?


• Clear alarm, announce IRR

• Building/Area description

• Describe the problem

• Initial I.A.P.

• Declaration of Strategy

• Resource Determination

• Assuming and naming command

Describe the parts of the initial radio report.

Clear Alarm

• “JCOM, E1 Arrival report”

– Attention grabber (Order Model)

– Lets all other responders know what is coming next.

– If immediate response from JCOM is not forthcoming, check your radio channel for appropriate talk group.

– Transmit your on scene report..

E1 is on the scene of……………………………..

Building/ Area Description

Falls into three basic categories

1. Size

2. Height

3. Occupancy type

For our purposes today, we are limiting 2 and 3 to single story residential, leaving only size determination.

How small is small, how large is large.

• If you can cover, from the interior, every square inch of the building with a preconnected line……SMALL

• If you can cover 75% of the structure………MEDIUM

• If you can cover 50%.... LARGE

• Less than 25% MEGA

We have a tendency to overestimate our size.

Describe the Problem

• Use these standard phrases

– Nothing Showing

– Smoke Showing

– Working Fire

– Defensive Fire Conditions

Nothing Showing

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The building and the area around the building is completely free of smoke or smoke like substances.

None

Nada

Zip

Nothing

Smoke showingFrom the smallest wisp to the amount you see that makes you think you have a working fire…….Smoke showing

Working FireAny visible flame

Any smoke that is exiting the building under pressure

Horizontal

Rolling

Density

Any large volume of smoke above or near the residence

Defensive Fire ConditionsOG 215.08

Based on personnel safety

Factors:

Lack of resources

Ineffective tactics

Structural instability

Risk vs. benefit analysis

When yours is the only life at risk….

Initial Action Plan

• Simply: What are you going to do to fulfill the tactical priorities based on the conditions you have previously reported.

• TASK What are you going to do?

• LOCATION Where are you going to do it?

• OBJECTIVE What are you hoping to accomplish?

Incident Strategy

Offensive

If you plan to enter the structure…………

Defensive

• If you have declared a defensive fire condition because of structural concerns………

Resource Determination

• Cancel

• Continue Code 2

• Continue Code 3

• Upgrade Response

– 4th engine

– Strike additional alarms.

Assume and Properly Name Command

• E1 is Main St. Command

• E1 is Mercy Hospital Command

Shall we play a game……..

Initial Radio Reporting

• Building/area description– size, height occupancy

• Describe the problem– Smoke/fire conditions

– location

• Initial IAP– Task, location, objective

• Declare a Strategy– Offensive or Defensive


• Assume/Name command

Initial Radio Report



– location








– location





Review Question

• Why is the order important of the IRR important?

Learning Objective 5

Describe the parts of the follow up report

Chance to gather more info and alter the IAP if needed

Follow up Report

• Transmitted after completion of 360

or

• If you can not complete a 360

• Transmit:

JCOM from Command: Follow up

– Results of 360• # of rear stories

• Basement type

• Problems

• Changes to IAP– Transmit “no changes”

• Life safety Hazards

– Accountability LocationWhat is side Alpha?




– location





Follow up report

• Transmit:

JCOM from Command Follow up


• Basement type

• Problems







– location





Follow up Report

• Transmit:

JCOM from Command Follow up


• Basement type

• Problems




Review Question

• What is the driving force behind the follow up report?


• The radio, used properly, is perhaps our most useful fire ground tool.

• It can become, very quickly, our most dangerous tool, if used improperly

Cite the ICFD three rules of radio usage

• Once you have confirmed your assignment:

DO NOT use the radio again until either:

You complete your assignment

You are unable to complete your assignment and need assistance (Priority traffic)

Emergency Traffic

• In order to efficiently manage a fire ground, the IC must be the driving force behind all communications.

• All radio communications, short of the three rules, must be initiated by the Incident Commander.

Review Question

• How can adhering to the three rules improve overall safety on the fire ground


Transitional attack OG 215.08Offensively attacking the fire from the exterior prior to making entry is consider transitional attack. In the correct situation, this method knocks down the fire enough to allow an exterior crew to make a safer entry into the structure and finish the extinguishment. This type of attack should only be preformed prior to interior operations taking place. Although this method entails attacking from the burning side, it should be considered, as it has been a proven effective method in the right situation

Identify the benefits of a transitional attack on residential structures

NIST and UL- What we know now.

• We do not push fire

• Any cooling anywhere in the structure, lowers temperatures everywhere in the structure.

• With proper technique, we will not disturb the flow path, aiding in ventilation.

• We will increase visibility, making search more effective.

• We will slow down the fires clock and speed ours up.

Columbus Ohio PolicyTransitional Attack

Never drag a charged hose line past fire

So if it’s not new…….

This is the way we have always done it…………

We did not have the science to overcome the anecdotal information.

Review Question

• Do I have to do a Transitional Attack?

Learning Objective 8

Develop an IAP, based on the tactical objectives and risk benefit analysis for the following scenarios

1. Working fire , no vent

2. Working fire, fire showing Alpha side

3. Working fire, fire showing, Charlie Side

4. Working fire, fire showing Bravo/Delta side

Review Question

• What latitude does the first due company officer have in formulating an IAP?

Course Summary

Clear concise communication is vital to fire ground success

Development of IAP, based on tactical priorities and a risk management profile is essential

Tactics with the IAP are based on the sound judgment of the fire officer.

Course evaluation

Education

Single Story Residential Structures