Seismic engineering and disaster management

ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION & HAZARDMANAGEMENT

PREPARED BY:BHAVIN JANANIM.E (FRACTURE MECHANICS)

SEISMIC ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

SEISMIC ENGINEERING DEALS WITH






WHY SEISMIC ENGINEERING?

CALIFORNIA




WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE???? Sudden movement / vibration on earth

Tectonic plates

SEISMOLOGY

A. SEISMIC WAVESB. MAGNITUDE OF EARTHQUAKEC. INTENSITY OF EARTHQUAKED. ZONES OF EARTHQUAKEE. EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKEF. AFTERSHOCKS

FOCUS Starting point of Earthquake in earth

EPICENTER Point above focus lying on surface of

earth from where seismic waves travels in all directions

FORE SHOCKS- AFTER SHOCKS There are some shocks occur before

the main(big) earthquake

After the earthquake tectonic plates try to be stable and thus some small shocks occur which are named as aftershocks.

SEISMOGRAPH

USED TO MEASURE INTENSITY OF AN EARTHQUAKE

GRAPH DRAWN BY SEISMOMETER PERMANENETLY INSTALLED IN

EARTHQUAKE SENSITIVE ZONE

MAGNITUDE & INTENSITY OF EARTHQUAKE

MAGNITUDE INTENSITYMEASURE OF EAETHQUAKE (QUANTITIVE)

MEASURE OF VIBRATION(QUALITY FORM)

MEASURED BY RICHTER SCALE

MEASURE BY MMI SCALE

SAME ON EVERY PLACE INTENSITY IS DECRESED WITH INCREASE IN DISTANCE FROM EPICENTER

MEASURE OF ENERGY MEASURE OF VIBRATION

EARTH STRUCTURE

FACTORS AFFECTING EARTHQUAKE INTERNAL FACTORS

FACTORS AFFECTING EARTHQUAKE EXTERNAL FACTORS

CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE

CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE

TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES P-WAVES

PRIMARY WAVES FASTEST SIMILAR TO SOUND WAVES + CAN PASS THROUGH

SOLID GAS AS WELL AS LIQUID

TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES S-WAVES

SECONADARY WAVES SLOWER THAN P WAVES SIMILAR TO ELCTRO MEGNATIC WAVES + CAN PASS

THROUGH SOLIDS BUT CAN’T PASS THROUGH LIQUID

TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES REYLEIGH WAVES(R-WAVES)

MOST DANGEROUS MIXTURE OF P WAVES+ S WAVES

TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES LOVE WAVES

FASTER THAN R WAVES CAN’T PASS THROUGH WATER

EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE

1. PRIMARY (+ NATURAL)

2. SECONDARY

EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE

CHECKING OF EARTHQUAKE AFFECTED BUILDINGS

1. BEAMS AND COLUMS OF CORNERS (BUCKLING , TWISTING , PLASTER DEFFECTS)

2. CHECK REMAINING BEAMS AND COLUMNS


3. CANTILEVER BEAM & BALCONY


4. STAIRS- LIFT CABINS

5. OUTER WALLS

6. BEAM-COLUMN JUNCTIONS

7. WATER TANK- LEAKAGE


8. INTERNAL WALLS & PARTITION WALLS

9. FLOORING

10. DRAINAGE

11. ELECTRICAL WIRING

12.REPAIRS

SUGGESTIONS FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION IN EQ. SENSITIVE AREA

Qualified Engineer Load bearing capacity of soil Black cotton soil – special strengthening Light weight materials Simple geometry Quality of the material height of the building Provide less openings Prefer frame structures Expansion joints

CHECKING POINTS FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE FOR NEW HOUSE

MAX. LOAD BEARING CAPACITY CONSTRUCTION DONE ON LANDFILL COMPLEX GEOMETRY WRONG TYPE OF FOUNDATION QUALITY OF WORKMANSHIP &

MATERIALS DRAWINGS

PROTECTION OF PEOPLE FROM EARHQUAKE

WHAT TO DO?



WHAT NOT TO DO?

DON’T PUT HEAVY THINGS ON HEIGHT

DON’T GO NEAR TO BIG TREES OR BUILDINGS

DON’T SPREAD ROUMERS

DON’T GO WHERE MANY PEOPLE ARE TOGATHERED (SCHOOLS,THEATERS etc)

DISASTERS

MAN MADE DISASTERS TECHNOLOGICAL

ACCIDENTS(RAILS,AIR WAYS, ROAD) FIRE

POLITICAL WARS RIOTS STRIKES

CYCLONES

WHAT ARE CYCLONES? "Cyclone" is an intense whirl in the

atmosphere with very strong winds circulating around it in anti-clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere.

Word "Cyclone" is derived from the Greek, word "Cyclos" meaning the coils of a snake.

WHAT ARE CYCLONES? Cyclones are intense low pressure

areas - from the centre of which pressure increases outwards.

CRITERIA FOLLOWED TO CLASSIFY CYCLONES

As adopted by Meteorological Department of India

1 Knots = 1.85 kmph

EFFECTS OF CYCLONES HEAVY RAINFALL FLOOD NO WORK NEAR SEA SHORE ELECTRICITY SERVICES CAN BE

AFFECTED NO TRANSPORTATION BAD EFFECTS ON FARMING LOSS OF LIVES DISEASE

CYCLONE MAP OF INDIA

CYCLONES - DO'S & DONT'S Before the Cyclone season:

Check the house; secure loose tiles, carry out repair works for doors and windows

Remove dead woods or dying trees close to the house; anchor removable objects like lumber piles, loose tin sheds, loose bricks, garbage cans, sign-boards etc. which can fly in strong winds

Keep some wooden boards ready so that glass windows can be boarded if needed

Demolish condemned buildings

When the Cyclone starts Listen to the radio about weather

warnings Keep monitoring the warnings. This will

help you to prepare for a cyclone emergency.

Pass on the information to others. Believe in the official information

Ignore rumors and do not spread them; this will help to avoid panic situations.

CYCLONES - DO'S & DONT'S

Believe in the official information When a cyclone alert is on for your area continue normal working but stay alert to the radio warnings.

Remember that a cyclone alert means that the danger is within 24 hours. Stay alert.

If your house is securely built on high ground take shelter in the safer part of the house. However, if asked to evacuate do not hesitate to leave the place.

Provide strong suitable support for outside doors.

Keep torches handy

CYCLONES - DO'S & DONT'S

WHEN THE CYCLONE STARTS Small and loose things, which can fly in

strong winds, should be stored safely in a room.

If the centre of the cyclone is passing directly over your house there will be a lull in the wind and rain lasting for half and hour or so. During this time do not go out; because immediately after that very strong winds will blow from the opposite direction.

Switch off electrical mains in your house. KEEP calm

DESERT CYCLONE

LAND SLIDE

SNOW AVALANCHES

EFFECTS OF SNOW AVALANCHES LOSS OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM CITIZENTS MAY FEEL SICK NO WORK NO MONEY LOSS OF LIVES (ANIMALS, HUMANS AS

WELL AS

PLANTS)

TSUNAMIS

Did you know……

A Tsunami wave can reach over

100 ft. or higher onto land?

Tsunami waves can be up to 60 mph =700-800 km/h

Tsunami waves are powerful enough to lift giant boulders, lift vehicles, and demolish houses?

These waves can cross an entire city

without losing any energy?

Hawaii is the number one STATE at risk for a

Tsunami and they average about 1 per

year?

Many say Tsunamis sound like a freight

train?

Right before a Tsunami strikes the ocean can

drain away?

Although Tsunamis are dangerous,

DID YOU KNOW…….

Palm trees can survive Tsunamis?

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Find out if your home is in a danger area. Know

the height of your street above sea level and the distance of your street from the coast. Evacuation orders may be based on these numbers.

Make sure all family members know how to respond to a tsunami

Teach family members how and when to turn off gas, electricity, and water.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Be familiar with the tsunami warning signs.

Because tsunamis can be caused by an underwater disturbance or an earthquake,.

Make evacuation plans. Pick an inland location that is elevated. After an earthquake or other natural disaster, roads in and out of the vicinity may be blocked, so pick more than one evacuation route.

FLOOD

FIRE

INSTRUCTIONS TO PEOPLE CALL FIRE BRIGADE VALUE YOUR LIFE RATHER THAN

THINGS DON’T ENTER INTO BUILDING UNTIL

FIRE IS FULLY BLOWN OUT DON’T SWITCH ON ELECTRIC MAINS REPAIRING

Education

Seismic engineering and disaster management