SECONDARY METHODS OF INTERVENTION

Administration and Research

WHAT IS

ADMINISTRATION?

Includes planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.

A type of macropractice.

ADMINISTRATION

According to:John Kidneigh – SOCIAL WORK

ADMINISTRATION is the process of transforming social policy into social services… a two way process:

(1) Transforming policy into concrete social services, and

(2) The use of experience in recommending modification of policy.

Stein – SOCIAL WORK ADMINISTRATION is the process of defining and---the objectives of an organization through a system of coordinated and cooperative effort.

Skidmore – SOCIAL WORK ADMINISTRATION is the action of staff members who utilize social policies of agencies into the delivery of social services.

Basic Assumptions and Principles of SWA

1. Administration of social agencies is the process of securing and transforming community resources (human and financial) into a program of community service.

2. Administration in social work is concerned in a major way with enterprise determination, which includes goal formation.

3. Administration in social work is concerned in a major way with “provisioning” the service.

4. The executive is not a neutral agent.

5. The executive’s functions within the agency combine the following:

a) to provide a seeing-the-enterprise-as-a-whole quality,

b) to participate in a leadership capacity and policy formation,

c) to delegate, coordinate, and control the work of others to promote and enhance the work of board and staff,

d) to provide for board, staff, and community an executive who represents in personal attitudes, abilities, and activities a person with whom they can identify positively.

6. Administration is involved with the creative use of human resources --- board, staff, and volunteer.

7. The parts of the enterprise are interrelated and interacting.

8. What one does not do has an effect as well as what one does do.

A major part of social work administration.Concerned with helping staff to use their

knowledge and skill in getting the job done efficiently and well.

A response to the needs of clients and the mandate of the community to relieve suffering and to restore people to greater usefulness.

Supervision is teaching

SUPERVISION

Educational Principles of SupervisionThe supervisee participates actively

in his or her own learning.Based on the assumption that the

worker learns best when taking responsibility for one’s own learning.

Workers learn by doing.Workers learn by his or her whole

self.The worker-supervisor relationship is

the main dynamic in learning.

Important part of administration, which is the means by which agencies are able to extend and improve their services to clients.

An interaction between professional persons who explore a problem to find a solution that will best serve the needs of the client.

Consultation

Assumptions of Consultation1. That the consultant has a greater knowledge

than the consultee in the areas of agency and worker needs, which can be communicated in usable form.

2. That the consultant can help the consultee to improve upon the use of his or her skills, or to acquire new ones for the better performance of the job.

3. That the consultee can use the process to enhance his or her caretaking function by clarifying thinking, elaborating his or her own ideas, and defining treatment goals and purposes.

Principles of Consultation1. Consultation is a helping process involving the use of technical knowledge and a professional relationship with one or more person.

2. The consultant has a conviction that the consultee can do the job he or she is assigned to do.

3. The consultant-consultee role is task-oriented and is connected with only certain aspects of the consultee’s function.

4. The consultee must be free to accept or reject the services of the consultant.

A device for making treatment as total and as effective as possible by a wide and discriminating use of resources, and by combining professional competences.

A shared experience in which the knowledge of professionals, paraprofessionals, and indigenous workers is shared in the various processes of service delivery.

COLLABORATION

Teamwork ConceptsThe team is cooperative democratic group

of professional individuals who work together to provide diagnosis and treatment. It is a fellowship of people and ideas. A union of interdependent inquiry.

Teamwork is predicated on the individuality of the participating disciplines. It derives its strengths through the preservation of differences.

Teamwork does not just happen. It is a process.

WHAT IS

RESEARCH?

A systematic inquiry regarding social institutions and problems, the process of obtaining social facts, or methodological inquiry into social phenomena.

RESEARCH

Roles of Research for Social Works

(Grinnell’s)

1.The Consumer of Research

2.The Dissemination of Knowledge

3.The Contributing Partner

Steps in the Research Process

(Scientific Method)

Problem Selection/

Conceptualize

Study Design

Sampling Design

Development of a Strategy or Methodology

Data Collection or Study

Execution

Processing, Organizing and Analyzing Data

Conclusion and Interpretation

of Results

Report and Application of Research

Major Kinds of Research for

Social Workers

1.) Experimental Research Encompasses statistical methodology is

being used considerably and involves study of a number of cases.

2.) Case Study Intensive study of one or few cases,

keeping in mind that an understanding of a specific case may be helpful in acquiring knowledge of human behavior and social functioning.

3.) Social SurveyAttempt to study on a broad basis a given

neighborhood or community and to attempt to understand the underlying foundations and principles related to social problems, the behavior of people within these localities, and the total social milieu.

4.) Human Ecological ApproachThis emphasizes the spatial distribution of

human behavior and attempts to explain why there are differentials, geographically speaking, in regards to social conditions and problems.

5.) Historical ApproachThis attempts to gives perspectives from the

past for understanding present issues, problems, and plans of action, and to help in improving situations. This can be accomplished through library study, interview, viewing original documents of various kunds, and through objective study, comparison, and contrast of various materials.

6.) Evaluation Research An approach to assess program

effectiveness---in social work, particularly social programs designed to improve the welfare of people.