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Pablo Diego José Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Juan Nepomuceno

María de los María de los Remedios Cipriano de Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad la Santísima Trinidad

Ruiz y PicassoRuiz y Picasso (25 (25 October 1881 – 8 April October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish 1973) was a Spanish

painter, draughtsman, painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. As one of and sculptor. As one of the most recognized the most recognized

figures in 20th-century figures in 20th-century art, he is best known for art, he is best known for co-founding the Cubist co-founding the Cubist movement and for the movement and for the wide variety of styles wide variety of styles

embodied in his work.embodied in his work.

Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth.

— Pablo Picasso

Early lifeEarly life Picasso born in the city of Picasso born in the city of

Málaga in the Andalusian Málaga in the Andalusian region of Spain, he was the region of Spain, he was the first child of Don José Ruiz y first child of Don José Ruiz y BlascoBlasco (1838–1913) and (1838–1913) and María Picasso y López. María Picasso y López. Picasso’s father was also a Picasso’s father was also a painter who specialized in painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. The birds and other game. The young Picasso showed a young Picasso showed a passion and a skill for passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. drawing from an early age. From the age of seven, From the age of seven, Picasso received formal Picasso received formal artistic training from his artistic training from his father in figure drawing and father in figure drawing and oil painting. Ruiz was a oil painting. Ruiz was a traditional, academic artist traditional, academic artist and instructor who believed and instructor who believed that proper training that proper training required disciplined required disciplined copying of the masters, and copying of the masters, and drawing the human body drawing the human body from plaster casts and live from plaster casts and live models.models.

The house where Picasso was born, in Málaga

Career beginningsCareer beginnings After studying art in After studying art in

Madrid, Picasso made his Madrid, Picasso made his first trip to Paris in 1900, first trip to Paris in 1900, then the art capital of then the art capital of Europe. By 1905 Picasso Europe. By 1905 Picasso became a favorite of the became a favorite of the American art collectors American art collectors Leo and Gertrude Stein. Leo and Gertrude Stein. Their older brother Their older brother Michael Stein and his Michael Stein and his wife Sarah also became wife Sarah also became collectors of his work. collectors of his work. Picasso painted portraits Picasso painted portraits of both Gertrude Stein of both Gertrude Stein and her nephew Allan and her nephew Allan Stein. Gertrude Stein Stein. Gertrude Stein began acquiring his began acquiring his drawings and paintings drawings and paintings and exhibiting them in and exhibiting them in her informal her informal SalonSalon at her at her home in Paris. At one of home in Paris. At one of her gatherings in 1905 her gatherings in 1905 he met Henri Matisse he met Henri Matisse who was to become a who was to become a lifelong friend and rival.lifelong friend and rival.

Portrait of Gertrude Stein, 1906, Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York City.

Career beginningsCareer beginnings In 1907 Picasso joined In 1907 Picasso joined

the art gallery that the art gallery that had recently been had recently been opened in Paris by opened in Paris by Daniel-Henry Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler. Kahnweiler. Kahnweiler was a Kahnweiler was a German art historian, German art historian, art collector who art collector who became one of the became one of the premier French Art premier French Art dealers of the 20th dealers of the 20th century.century. He became He became prominent in Paris prominent in Paris beginning in 1907 for beginning in 1907 for being among the first being among the first champions of Pablo champions of Pablo Picasso.Picasso.

Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, 1910, The Art Institute of Chicago.

Periods of artPeriods of art

Picasso’s Blue Period (1901–Picasso’s Blue Period (1901–1904) consists of somber 1904) consists of somber paintings rendered in shades paintings rendered in shades of blue and blue-green, only of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by occasionally warmed by other colors. This period’s other colors. This period’s starting point is uncertain; it starting point is uncertain; it may have begun in Spain in may have begun in Spain in the spring of 1901, or in the spring of 1901, or in Paris in the second half of Paris in the second half of the year.Many paintings of the year.Many paintings of gaunt mothers with children gaunt mothers with children date from this period. In his date from this period. In his austere use of color and austere use of color and sometimes doleful subject sometimes doleful subject matter—prostitutes and matter—prostitutes and beggars are frequent beggars are frequent subjects.subjects.

Femme aux Bras Croisés, 1902


The Rose Period (1904–The Rose Period (1904–1906) is characterized 1906) is characterized by a more cheery style by a more cheery style with orange and pink with orange and pink colors, and featuring colors, and featuring many circus people, many circus people, acrobats and acrobats and harlequins known in harlequins known in France as France as saltimbanques. The saltimbanques. The harlequin, a comedic harlequin, a comedic character usually character usually depicted in checkered depicted in checkered patterned clothing, patterned clothing, became a personal became a personal symbol for Picasso.symbol for Picasso.

Pablo Picasso, Garçon à la pipe, (Boy with a Pipe), 1905


Picasso’s African-Picasso’s African-influenced Period influenced Period (1907–1909) begins (1907–1909) begins with the two figures with the two figures on the right in his on the right in his painting, painting, Les Les Demoiselles Demoiselles d'Avignond'Avignon, which were , which were inspired by African inspired by African artifacts. Formal ideas artifacts. Formal ideas developed during this developed during this period lead directly period lead directly into the Cubist period into the Cubist period that follows.that follows.

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), Museum of Modern Art, New York


Analytic cubism (1909–Analytic cubism (1909–1912) is a style of 1912) is a style of painting Picasso painting Picasso developed along with developed along with Georges Braque using Georges Braque using monochrome brownish monochrome brownish and neutral colours. Both and neutral colours. Both artists took apart objects artists took apart objects and “analyzed” them in and “analyzed” them in terms of their shapes. terms of their shapes. Picasso and Braque’s Picasso and Braque’s paintings at this time paintings at this time have many similarities. have many similarities.

Three Musicians (1921), Museum of Modern Art


In the period following In the period following the upheaval of World the upheaval of World War I, Picasso War I, Picasso produced work in a produced work in a neoclassical style. neoclassical style. Arguably Picasso’s Arguably Picasso’s most famous work is most famous work is his depiction of the his depiction of the German bombing of German bombing of Guernica during the Guernica during the Spanish Civil War—Spanish Civil War—GuernicaGuernica. This large . This large canvas embodies for canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, many the inhumanity, brutality and brutality and hopelessness of war. hopelessness of war.

GuernicaGuernica, 1937, Museo Reina , 1937, Museo Reina SofiaSofia

Personal lifePersonal life

In the early 20th century, In the early 20th century, Picasso divided his time Picasso divided his time between Barcelona and between Barcelona and Paris. In 1904, in the Paris. In 1904, in the middle of a storm, he met middle of a storm, he met Fernande Olivier, a Fernande Olivier, a Bohemian artist who Bohemian artist who became his mistress. The became his mistress. The photographer and painter photographer and painter Dora Maar was also a Dora Maar was also a constant companion and constant companion and lover of Picasso. The two lover of Picasso. The two were closest in the late were closest in the late 1930s and early 1940s 1930s and early 1940s and it was Maar who and it was Maar who documented the painting documented the painting of Guernica.of Guernica.

Dora Maar au Chat, 1941

Pablo Picasso died on 8 April 1973 in Mougins, France, while he and his wife Jacqueline entertained friends for dinner. His final words were “Drink to me, drink to my health, you know I can’t drink any more.” He was interred at Castle Vauvenargues’ park, in Vauvenargues, Bouches-du-Rhône. Jacqueline Roque prevented his children Claude and Paloma from attending the funeral. Devastated and lonely after the death of Picasso Jacqueline Roque took her own life by gunshot in 1986 when she was 60 years old.

The total number of artworks he The total number of artworks he produced has been estimated at produced has been estimated at 50,000, comprising 1,885 paintings; 50,000, comprising 1,885 paintings; 1,228 sculptures; 2,880 ceramics, 1,228 sculptures; 2,880 ceramics, roughly 12,000 drawings, many roughly 12,000 drawings, many thousands of prints, and numerous thousands of prints, and numerous tapestries and rugs. At the time of tapestries and rugs. At the time of his death many of his paintings were his death many of his paintings were in his possession, as he had kept off in his possession, as he had kept off the art market what he didn’t need the art market what he didn’t need to sell.to sell.

Picasso sculpture in Chicago

Nude Woman with a Necklace (1968), Tate

Education

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