How Safe Are You On The How Safe Are You On The Road?Road?

Juwita bt. RadziJuwita bt. Radzi

Nor Ashikin bt. TehNor Ashikin bt. Teh

Hisham b. BakarHisham b. Bakar

Nur Waheeda bt. IsmailNur Waheeda bt. Ismail

• Clouded ThinkingClouded Thinking• Ignoring Prevailing ConditionsIgnoring Prevailing Conditions• InattentionInattention• TailgatingTailgating• Running The Amber Traffic LightsRunning The Amber Traffic Lights• Failing to Stop or Give WayFailing to Stop or Give Way• Changing Lanes Without LookingChanging Lanes Without Looking• Impatience To OvertakeImpatience To Overtake• Crossing the White Lines to “Look Around” the Crossing the White Lines to “Look Around” the

Vehicle in FrontVehicle in Front• Driving Without SeatbeltsDriving Without Seatbelts

Driver’s Common MistakeDriver’s Common Mistake

Definition :Definition :Inability to focus, caused by the intake of substance that results Inability to focus, caused by the intake of substance that results drowsiness or slows down the brain functionsdrowsiness or slows down the brain functions

Substances which can affect driver’s performance:Substances which can affect driver’s performance:a)a) AlcoholAlcoholb)b) Drugs/MedicationDrugs/Medication

a)a) Alcohol :Alcohol :- A sip? A glass? A bottle? Quantity doesn’t matter!A sip? A glass? A bottle? Quantity doesn’t matter!- Slows down the brain functionsSlows down the brain functions- Impossible to concentrate/focusImpossible to concentrate/focus- Safety TipsSafety Tips

-- Don’t take alcohol before driving Don’t take alcohol before driving -- The safest blood alcohol level = ZEROThe safest blood alcohol level = ZERO

• Clouded ThinkingClouded Thinking

• CloudedClouded Thinking (Cont’d)Thinking (Cont’d)

b)b) Drugs/Medication :Drugs/Medication :- Medicine that caused drowsiness and dizzinessMedicine that caused drowsiness and dizziness- Multiple Drug Intake = Multiple EffectsMultiple Drug Intake = Multiple Effects- Over-The-Counter Medicine vs Natural RemedyOver-The-Counter Medicine vs Natural Remedy- Safety TipsSafety Tips

-- Avoid taking medicines before drivingAvoid taking medicines before driving-- Avoid taking drugs/ medicine with alcoholAvoid taking drugs/ medicine with alcohol-- Take time-off! Rest and recuperateTake time-off! Rest and recuperate

• Ignoring Prevailing ConditionsIgnoring Prevailing Conditions

Definition :Definition :Failure to notice existing conditions and the actions to be taken Failure to notice existing conditions and the actions to be taken to manage such situations.to manage such situations.

Popular Ignored Factors:Popular Ignored Factors:

a)a) Speed LimitSpeed Limitb)b) Road ConditionRoad Conditionc)c) Slow down when it rainsSlow down when it rainsd)d) Driving right on sunrise or sunsetDriving right on sunrise or sunset

- Safety Tips:Safety Tips:-- Recognise the importance of prevailing factors and Recognise the importance of prevailing factors and conditionsconditions- - Identify appropriate actions to handle and manage the Identify appropriate actions to handle and manage the conditionsconditions-- Use extreme cautionUse extreme caution

• InattentionInattentionDefinition:Definition:

Lack of attention or focus caused by tiredness or other distracting Lack of attention or focus caused by tiredness or other distracting factors.factors.

a) Tiredness:a) Tiredness:- Lack of sleep, Mentally and physically stressed, Long journey tripsLack of sleep, Mentally and physically stressed, Long journey trips- Contributes in one-fifth of all fatal or serious road accidentsContributes in one-fifth of all fatal or serious road accidents- Fatigue crashes = Severe crashesFatigue crashes = Severe crashes- Few seconds of ‘dreamland bliss’ can turn to ‘horrible nightmare Few seconds of ‘dreamland bliss’ can turn to ‘horrible nightmare

crash’crash’- Warning Signs of Drowsy DrivingWarning Signs of Drowsy Driving- Safety Tips:Safety Tips:

-- Listen to your body and take a breakListen to your body and take a break-- Long journey trips on highways: Use Rest & Service Ares Long journey trips on highways: Use Rest & Service Ares or Lay-Bysor Lay-Bys

b) Distracting factors:b) Distracting factors:- Using hand-held mobile phones - talking or sending text Using hand-held mobile phones - talking or sending text

messagesmessages- Changing radio stations, Checking out a cute car next to you, Changing radio stations, Checking out a cute car next to you,

EatingEating- Safety Tips:Safety Tips:

-- Concentrate, concentrate, concentrate!!!Concentrate, concentrate, concentrate!!!

•TailgatingTailgating

Definition:Definition:To follow a vehicle too closely and in a dangerous mannerTo follow a vehicle too closely and in a dangerous manner

- ‘‘Rear-enders’ make up a large proportion of motor vehicle Rear-enders’ make up a large proportion of motor vehicle collisionscollisions

- Be aware of the signs of aggressive driversBe aware of the signs of aggressive drivers- What to do when you are confronted by an aggressive What to do when you are confronted by an aggressive

driver?driver?- Safety Tips:Safety Tips:

-- Do not hog the Lane!!Do not hog the Lane!!-- Patience and courtesy can lead to a safe journey!Patience and courtesy can lead to a safe journey!

•Running Amber Traffic LightsRunning Amber Traffic Lights

Definition:Definition:The failure to slow down to ready to stop whenever amber The failure to slow down to ready to stop whenever amber traffic lights flashestraffic lights flashes

- Dangerous and futile behaviourDangerous and futile behaviour- Coordinated traffic lightsCoordinated traffic lights- To stop or not to stop?To stop or not to stop?- Is the reason for hurrying up is worth dying for?Is the reason for hurrying up is worth dying for?- Safety Tips:Safety Tips:

-- Slow down whenever you see yellow lightsSlow down whenever you see yellow lights-- Traffic Lights with ‘countdown timer’Traffic Lights with ‘countdown timer’-- Be sensible and always think of the safety of Be sensible and always think of the safety of yourself as well yourself as well as othersas others

• Failing to Stop or Give WayFailing to Stop or Give Way

- Asia-motorist failed to heed basic road rulesAsia-motorist failed to heed basic road rules- 1 case in Singapore1 case in Singapore- Safety tipsSafety tips

-- always check traffic conditions & give wayalways check traffic conditions & give way-- Rubrico explain – stop sign where it is necessaryRubrico explain – stop sign where it is necessary

• Changing Lanes Without Changing Lanes Without LookingLooking

- Noriel Tigloa caseNoriel Tigloa case- Lost in ‘blind spot’ if mirrors aren’t aligned correctlyLost in ‘blind spot’ if mirrors aren’t aligned correctly- Safety tipsSafety tips

-- Check first to see the lane was clearCheck first to see the lane was clear-- To be aware of cars trying to overtakeTo be aware of cars trying to overtake

• Impatience to OvertakeImpatience to Overtake

- Following slow vehicles along narrow winding roads can lead to Following slow vehicles along narrow winding roads can lead to frustration if in a hurryfrustration if in a hurry

- Safety tipsSafety tips-- Constant pressureConstant pressure-- Allow sufficient time for your journeyAllow sufficient time for your journey

• Crossing the White Lines to “Look Crossing the White Lines to “Look Around” the Vehicle in FrontAround” the Vehicle in Front

- Still behind someone?Still behind someone?- Need to look past it to see if the road ahead is clear?Need to look past it to see if the road ahead is clear?- Safety tipsSafety tips

-- Have to look around the vehicle ahead is simply move backHave to look around the vehicle ahead is simply move back-- Sit back 75 to 100mm and you can see the road ahead with Sit back 75 to 100mm and you can see the road ahead with your wheels barely on the dividing lineyour wheels barely on the dividing line

• Driving Without SeatbeltsDriving Without Seatbelts

- 2/3 of respondents admitted not wearing seatbelts2/3 of respondents admitted not wearing seatbelts

- The proper use of seatbelts has saved many livesThe proper use of seatbelts has saved many lives

- Non seatbelts are at far greater risk of serious injury than those Non seatbelts are at far greater risk of serious injury than those wearing seatbeltswearing seatbelts

- Safety tipsSafety tips

-- Make it a habit or family rule not to start your car until Make it a habit or family rule not to start your car until everyone belted upeveryone belted up

CAR SAFETYCAR SAFETY

•TyresTyres

•Braking SystemBraking System

•Seatbelts & AirbagsSeatbelts & Airbags

Car SafetyCar Safety• TyresTyres- Important componentImportant component- Navigate the car and carries the car loadNavigate the car and carries the car load- Four crucial tyre maintenance factors to look forFour crucial tyre maintenance factors to look for

a)a) AlignmentAlignment-- Adjusting the angles of the wheel so that they at the Adjusting the angles of the wheel so that they at the

right angles and parallel to each otherright angles and parallel to each other- Purpose?Purpose?- Can cause tyre to wear, wandering on straight level roadCan cause tyre to wear, wandering on straight level road

b)b) BalancingBalancing- Allow the tyres and wheels to spin without causing Allow the tyres and wheels to spin without causing

vibrationvibration- To overcome vibration, measured lead weight will be To overcome vibration, measured lead weight will be

placed on the heavy spot on wheel-tyre combinationplaced on the heavy spot on wheel-tyre combination

• Tyres (Cont’d)Tyres (Cont’d)c)c) RotationRotation

- Front tyres wear faster than the rear tyresFront tyres wear faster than the rear tyres

- Uneven tyre thickness will give you uneven braking and Uneven tyre thickness will give you uneven braking and poor handlingpoor handling

- Rotate the rear tyre to the front and replace the rear Rotate the rear tyre to the front and replace the rear wheel with new pairwheel with new pair

d)d) TreadTread

- Purpose? To enable the tyres to grip on to the road Purpose? To enable the tyres to grip on to the road surfacesurface

- 2mm tread depth – minimum requirement2mm tread depth – minimum requirement

- If tread wear off? Cause the car to slide and driver If tread wear off? Cause the car to slide and driver unable to control the car during raining conditionunable to control the car during raining condition

• Braking SystemBraking System- Brake enable the car to stopBrake enable the car to stop

- Two types of brakes- disc brake (front) and drum brake Two types of brakes- disc brake (front) and drum brake (rear)(rear)

- Each brake connected to brake pedal through tubes Each brake connected to brake pedal through tubes containing brake fluidcontaining brake fluid

-- When pedal pressed, brake fluid will force brake pads (disc When pedal pressed, brake fluid will force brake pads (disc brakes) and brake lining (drum brake) to clamp the disc or brakes) and brake lining (drum brake) to clamp the disc or lining to stop the wheelslining to stop the wheels

- Check brake pads (disk brake) and brake shoe (drum Check brake pads (disk brake) and brake shoe (drum brake), avoid wear out which cause the car to poor brakingbrake), avoid wear out which cause the car to poor braking

- Check brake fluid, make sure it is pure brake oil and not Check brake fluid, make sure it is pure brake oil and not waterwater

- ABS? Anti-locking Braking SystemABS? Anti-locking Braking System

- ABS prevent the brakes from locking so that the car does ABS prevent the brakes from locking so that the car does not skidnot skid

Car Safety (Cont’d)Car Safety (Cont’d)•Seatbelts and AirbagsSeatbelts and Airbags

- Started with the idea for a system that would restrain Started with the idea for a system that would restrain automobile drivers and passengers in an accident, whether automobile drivers and passengers in an accident, whether or not they were wearing their seat belts. or not they were wearing their seat belts.

- Airbags commonly available since the late 1980’s. First Airbags commonly available since the late 1980’s. First invented in 1953.invented in 1953.

FACTSFACTS- An airbag can injure or kill in some circumstancesAn airbag can injure or kill in some circumstances- Passenger need to be seated properly to reduce the Passenger need to be seated properly to reduce the

severity of injuryseverity of injury- Children to ride at the backseatChildren to ride at the backseat- Designed to be used with seat belts so please BUCKLE UPDesigned to be used with seat belts so please BUCKLE UP

Air bags – designed to be Air bags – designed to be used with seat beltsused with seat belts

Reducing injuries by Reducing injuries by spreading the force over a spreading the force over a

larger arealarger area

Figure 1

When a body hits the steering wheel directly, the force of this impact is distributed over a small area of the body – resulting injuries to this area (in red)

Reducing injuries by Reducing injuries by spreading the force over a spreading the force over a

larger arealarger area

Figure 2

When a body is restrained by an airbag, the force of the impact is distributed over a much larger area of the body – resulting in less severe injuries (in orange)

Car Safety (Cont’d)Car Safety (Cont’d)

Other Safety FeaturesOther Safety Features

a)a) Shoulder strap countsShoulder strap counts

-look for a vehicle with a lap & shoulder -look for a vehicle with a lap & shoulder belt for every seatbelt for every seat

a)a) Back seat designsBack seat designs

b)b) Door locks and window overridesDoor locks and window overrides

THANK YOUTHANK YOU&&

DRIVE DRIVE CAREFULLYCAREFULLY