PowerPoint Presentation

Russian Revolution

Opening Focus Assignments

1/9 Faults of WWI Peace Treaty

1/10 WWI and changing values

1/11 Views of the War

1/14 Lost Generation

1/15 Dawes Plan

1/18 Path to Revolution

Russian Government Before Revolution

Monarchy: The Czar (Tsar)

Until 1905 the Tsar's powers were unlimited.

Russia had no constitution,

no political party system to check the Tsar's power

A strong secret police which terrorized the people.

Royal Background

Nicholas I

Created the first secret police in Russia, brutal leader, response to revolt of army officers in 1825

Czar Alexander II

He implemented important reforms, notably the abolition of serfdom,

In 1867, he sold Alaska and the Aleutian Islands to the United States.

Killed by the Revolutionary Group: The Peoples Will

Czar Alexander III

Alexander III's reign was during an industrial revolution in Russia .

His reign was harsh, against revolutionaries and other liberal movements.

Czar Nicholas II (1894)
Last Czar of RussiaNicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler

The Russian economy was bankrupt because of the Russo-Japanese War and WWI Russias entry into WWI became very unpopular.

Czar Nicholas II and Family

Russo-Japanese War (1904)

Dispute over Manchuria with Japan

Shook national confidence in their progress and rule of Czar.

Bloody Sunday (1905)

Russia and World War I

Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary

War becomes unpopular

Rationing leads to starvation

Nicholas II leaves St. Petersburg to war front

Rasputin

Rasputin with Admirers

March Revolution (1917)

1917- protests spread through St. Petersburg and the Royal palace is taken over.

Czar abdicates

Provisional government (Duma) takes control lead by Alexander Keresnky

Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI

October (Bolshevik) Revolution-1917

Lead by VI Lenin Peace, Land, and Bread

Won support of people (especially peasants)

1918

1918 March The Bolsheviks accept the peace of BrestLitovsk, ending WWI with Germany.

1919-1920

1919 White Armies (Royal and Menshevik troops) attack the Reds (Bolsheviks) from all directions.

1920- Reds defeat Whites

Rule of Lenin 1920-1924

Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP)

-moderate mix of capitalism and socialismPolitical Reforms

-Bolshevik party became Communist Party-Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics

Communism

A Form of Socialism

Central Planning of the Economy by the State

Govt (Communist Party) makes decisions on individual jobs and pay

1924

Lenin Dies

Power Vaccuum

Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin

Stalin takes control

Now must decide how he will maintain power

Decides to create a totalitarian state

Characteristics of a Totalitarian State

Dictatorship- Absolute Authority

Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation

State Control Over All Sectors of Society

Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, housing, religion, education, the arts

State Control Over the Individual

Obedience

Denies basic liberties

Organized Violence

Uses force to crush opposition

Stalins Totalitarian State

State Control of the Economy

5 year plan, collective farms

Police Terror

Great Purge, crush opposition

Religious Persecution

Control of the individual

Propaganda (socialist realism)

Molding peoples minds

Education

Controlled by the government