Research Methodology

Assistant Professor- Yogesh.MBA,NET,GDC&A,NCMP and Pursuing PhD.

Standard of passing60% periodic evaluation40% semester end examination

Passing: 50% in each paper

Question paper patternAttempt any 5 questions out of 8

questions.Each question carries 8 marks.

In each question there will be 5 sub questions and out of which 4 needs to be answer, carrying 2 marks each.

ChaptersResearch Research design/ MethodsData collection/ Processing/

AnalyzingSampling techniquesScalingHypothesis-testingClassification / TabulationReport writing

What comes in your mind?

Research – why, what, where, how, types, when, methods, process, design, etc..

Data- primary/ secondaryLiterature reviewAnalysis of data- statisticalReport writingSoftware

ExampleWant to reach Mumbai University

(MU) from Kurla(C) railway station.

?Data- Internet, mobile, expert

opinionHypothesis – Authentic dataAnalysis- time. energy, rupees

etc..Solution- auto, taxi, bus, walk,

run etc..

Research?Purpose is to find answersSystematic & scientific methodsFormulating hypothesisData collectionAnalysisSolution

“Young” defines research, ‘ a scientific undertaking which by means of

logical & systematic techniques’, aims to,Discover new facts or verify old facts,Analyze their sequences,

interrelationships and casual explanation,Develop new scientific tools, concepts and

theories which would facilitate reliable and valid study of human behavior.1

Reference-

1.Young Pauline V, scientific, social surveys and research, New Delhi:

Prentice- Hall of India, 1937, p. 30.

Research is to re-search from available primary and

secondary data into relevant information

to form a substantial knowledge.

Research

Why

what

Where

WhenDesign

Process

Methods

How

New facts

Theories

Tools

Concepts

Reliable Information

ObjectivesTo find answers by using

systematic & scientific methods.To find out new facts.Brings out Hidden Information.Verify & test existing facts and

theories.Develop new tools, concepts and

theories.Contributes to national

development.

Example

New facts: Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) was

a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East

Hidden information:CID/ CBI inquires, Special

committees, Adarsh scam.

CharacteristicsSystematic & critical investigation.Purposive investigation.Adopts scientific methods.Objective & logical, applying

possible tests.Observable experience or empirical

evidence.Directed towards finding answers.Development of principles or

theories.

General terms in research

Scientific methodsStep by step procedure following the

logical processes of reasoning.

Mode of investigation.Systematized form of analysis.

Reasoning

Induction Deduction

Induction:Studying several individuals, cases &

drawing generalizations.

Deduction: Applying a general accepted principles

to a specific individual case.

Particular General

General Particular

Theory:A frustrated person, who is unable or

afraid to express his aggression directly towards to perceived source of his frustration, may divert his aggression into another channel.

The standard of living of family is the function of its income, size & life style.

It is the gradual outgrowth of constructive study of the accumulated sorted facts.

ExampleFrustrated manager takes it out

on subordinate instead of his boss.

Provides basis for studying consumer behavior and formulating appropriate marketing strategies.

Facts:Empirically verifiable observation.Process of classificationExample: counting the number of vehicles plying on

a road

Hypothesis:Preliminary assumption i.e. guessRelationship:Research>Assumption>Facts>Theories(Scientific methods, tools, data , old facts

)

Theories

Research contributes to,Initiates theoryTest an existing theoryReformulation

Theory contribute to,Suggest problem for studyGiving hypothesisProviding conceptual models

At the end it is social science, deals with observation & experiments.