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RICE WEEVIL 1
AB 2111 POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY
RICE WEEVILSitophilus oryzae
ByW.A.G.E.WIJELATH (AG/12/FT/024)
N.H.G.T.MADUSHANI (AG/12/FT/012)Department of Food Science and Technology
Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Peradeniya
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Content
• Taxonomy• Life cycle• Morphology• Behaviour• Habitat• Signs of infestation• Damages• Control
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Taxonomy
Kingdom : AnimaliaPhylum : ArthropodaClass : InsectaOrder : ColeopteraFamily : CurculionidaeSubfamily : DryophthorinaeGenus : Sitophilus Species : S. oryzae
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Life Cycle
Consists of four stages
• Egg stage
• Larval stage
• Pupa stage
• Adult stage
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eggs
larva
pupa
adult
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Morphology
Larvae
•White to creamy white• Legless• Humpbacked• Fleshy grub• Soft
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Pupa
• White• Black, hard head• Movable segments
Adult
• 2-3 mm in length• Reddish brown to black in colour• 4 light yellow or reddish spots on elytra• Long, slender snout
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• Irregularly shaped pits on thorax
• Smooth, narrow strip extending down the middle of the back
• Fully developed wings
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Behaviour
• Internal feeders
• Active fliers
• Attracted to lights
• When disturbed, adults pull in their legs, fall to the ground, and
feign death
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Habitat
Usually found in
• Grain storage facilities
• Food processing plants
• Food markets
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They usually infest
• Stored rice
• Wheat
• Corn
• Rye
• Barley
• Sorghum
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Signs of Infestation
• Heating at the surface
• Increased moisture levels
• Seeds with round holes
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Damages
• Larvae develop within the seeds consuming the
endosperm• Adults feed on whole seeds or flour• The adult leaves a large, ragged exit hole in the kernel • Feeding contributes to heating and infested grain is often
damp due to moisture added by the insects’ respiration
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Control
• Preventing the insects from entering the storage
• Pest-proof containers
• Proper bin sanitation before introduction of new grain
• Cleaning bins regularly
• Addition of dry ice
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• Fumigation
• Application of insecticide
• Use of natural repellents
• Locating and removing all potentially infected food sources
• Repackaging products in new uninfected packages
• Freezing infected food below -17.7°C (0°F) for three days
• Heating to 60°C (140°F) for 15 minutes
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Reference• Public Health Vectors and Pests (2013) Rice Weevil [online] Available from:
http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/environ/vector/riceweevil.htm [Accessed on: 05/05/2015]
• The Pennsylvania State University (2015) Weevils on Stored Grain [online] Available from: http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/weevils-on-stored-grain [Accessed on: 05/05/2015]
• Canadian Grain Commission (2013) Rice weevil [online] Available from: https://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/storage-entrepose/pip-irp/rw-cr-eng.htm [Accessed on: 05/05/2015]
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Thank You