Referencing

An introduction

What is referencing?

• A standardised way of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have used in your assignment

• Helps avoid plagiarism (stealing of other's ideas) - Turnitin

• Enables readers to follow-up and read more fully the cited author’s arguments

• Shows you have done research

UCT Author-date referencing style

• Examples given here follow the UCT Author-date: Reference Guide

Basic structure of UCT Author-date reference includes:

• Author(s) of publication– Surname & initial• Date of publication– Year of publication• Title of publication• Publication details – Place and name of

publisher for books or volume, issue and page numbers for journals and URL for an Internet resource

Two stages of referencing

• In-text citation – Put brief details in round brackets () within the

body of an essay to indicate every instance that you have borrowed words or ideas

• Reference list– Put the full details of all sources used in your work

at the end of your paper

Two ways to cite sources:

• Direct quotation – use someone else’s work word for word

• Put the words used in “quotation marks”• Use sparingly

• Paraphrasing – put someone else’s ideas in your own words

In-text citation - Details to include (1)

If author’s name is not included in the sentence put: (Author’s surname, year of publication:page number)

In an analysis of equity and efficiency in public education, it was found that South Africa has elements of both a first world country, and a third world country (Crouch, 1996:134).

The study found that “South African society embodies both First World and Third World living standards” (Crouch, 1996:134).

NB: List all authors to a maximum of three separated by a comma but the last separated by an ampersand &. If more than 3 authors, list the first author followed by “et al.”

In-text citation - Details to include (2)

If author’s name is included in the sentence put:(Year of publication:page number)

In his analysis of equity and efficiency in public education, Crouch (1996:134) noted that South Africa has elements of both a first world country, and a third world country.

Crouch (1996:134) states that “South African society embodies both First World and Third World living standards”.

In-text citation - Details to include (3)

If there is no author, use the first significant words of the title. Usually, three words are enough for in-text citations. Use ellipses for longer titles to indicate the omission of words:(“First significant words of title …”, year of publication)

There was a significant increase in foreign arrivals between November and December (“Number of foreigners visiting …”, 2016).

“Number of foreigners visiting …” (2016) noted an increase in foreign arrivals “from 1.3-million in November to 1.5-million in December”.

Reference list

• Full details of all the sources mentioned in your work have to be listed at the end of the paper.

• Details included in a reference are dependent on the source type i.e. book, article, website etc.

Referencing - BookAuthor(s) – surname & initial Glimcher, P. W.Date – year of publication 2011.Title – italicised Foundations of neuroeconomic analysis.Place of publication – town of publication New York:Publisher – name of publisher Oxford University Press.

Glimcher, P. W. 2011. Foundations of neuroeconomic analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.

Note: The names of all authors should appear in the reference list to a maximum of eight. Add “et al.” after the eighth name when there are more than eight authors.

Referencing – Chapter in a bookAuthor(s) of chapter – surname & initial Johansson, A.C. Date – year of publication 2012.Title of chapter Financial repression and China’s economic imbalances. Title of book – italicised & preceded by the word In In Rebalancing and sustaining growth in China. Editor(s) of book – initial & surname followed by Ed(s). H. McKay & L. Song, Eds.Place of publication – town of publication Canberra:Publisher – name of publisher ANU E Press.Page numbers - for chapter 45-64.

Johansson, A.C. 2012. Financial repression and China’s economic imbalances. In Rebalancing and sustaining growth in China. H. McKay & L. Song, Eds. Canberra: ANU E Press. 45-64.

Referencing – Print journal articleAuthor(s) – surname & initial Fuchs, V.R.Date – year of publication 2000.Title of article The future of health economics. Title of journal – italicised & capitalised (except articles & prepositions) Journal of Health Economics. Journal volume and issue number as well as page number or the beginning and end pages if it covers more than one page 19(2):141-157.

Fuchs, V. R. 2000. The future of health economics. Journal of Health Economics. 19(2):141-157.

Referencing – Electronic journal with DOIA DOI is a unique number that identifies electronic documents. It is guaranteed never to change, so you can use it to link permanently to electronic documents.

Referencing – Electronic journal with DOI

Author(s) - Surname & initial Pons-Vignon, N. & Anseeuw, W.Date – Year of publication 2009.Title of article – Great expectations: working conditions in South Africa since the end of apartheid.Title of journal – italicised & capitalised (except articles & prepositions) Journal of Southern African Studies.Journal volume and issue number as well as page number or the beginning and end pages if it covers more than one page 35(4):883-899.DOI - DOI: 10.1080/03057070903313236.

Pons-Vignon, N. & Anseeuw, W. 2009. Great expectations: working conditions in South Africa since the end of apartheid. Journal of Southern African Studies. 35(4):883-899. DOI: 10.1080/03057070903313236.

Referencing – Electronic journal with stable URL/permalink

Referencing – Electronic journal with stable URL/permalink

Author(s) - Surname & initial Siebert, W.S.Date – Year of publication 1987.Title of article – Black trade unions and the wage gap in South Africa.Title of journal – italicised & capitalised (except articles & prepositions) Managerial and Decision Economics.Journal volume and issue number as well as page number or the beginning and end pages if it covers more than one page 8(1):55-65.Stable URL or permalink - preceded by the word Available: Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2560525Date retrieved [2015, November 25].

Siebert, W.S. 1987. Black trade unions and the wage gap in South Africa. Managerial and Decision Economics. 8(1):55-65. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2560525 [2015, November 25].

Electronic journal, neither DOI nor stable URLAuthor(s) – surname & initial e.g. Moll, P.Date – year of publication e.g. 1996.Title of article e.g. Compulsory centralization of collective bargaining in South Africa. Title of journal – italicised e.g. American Economic Review. Journal volume and issue number and page number or the beginning and end pages if it covers more than one page e.g. 86(2):326-329.Database – preceded by the word Available e.g. Available: Business Source PremierDate retrieved e.g. [2013, March 12].

Moll, P. 1996. Compulsory centralization of collective bargaining in South Africa. American Economic Review. 86(2):326-329. Available: Business Source Premier [2013, March 12].

Referencing – Print newspaper article

Author(s) - Surname & initial Byforde-Jones, C. Date – Year of publication 2003.Title of article Hitches over mixed farming wages. Title of newspaper – italicised & capitalised (except articles & prepositions) Natal Witness.Date – day of publication including pages number 2 May:11.

Byforde-Jones, C. 2003. Hitches over mixed farming wages. Natal witness. 2 May:11.

Referencing – Online Newspaper article

Author(s) - Surname & initial Maswanganyi, N.Date – Year of publication 2016.Title of article SA can avoid a rating downgrade to junk status.Title of newspaper – italicised & capitalised (except articles & prepositions) Business Day. Date – day of publication 9 February.URL – preceded by the word Available:Date retrieved [2016, February 11].

Maswanganyi, N. 2016. SA can avoid a rating downgrade to junk status. Business Day. 9 February. Available: http://www.bdlive.co.za/economy/2016/02/09/sa-can-avoid-a-rating-downgrade-to-junk-status [2016, February 11].

Referencing – Online Newspaper (No author)

Title of article Number of foreigners visiting SA rose sharply in December.Date – Year of publication 2016.Title of newspaper – italicised & capitalised (except articles & prepositions) Business Day. Date – day of publication 10 February.URL – preceded by the word Available:Date retrieved [2016, February 15].

Number of foreigners visiting SA rose sharply in December. 2016. Business Day. 10 February. Available: http://www.bdlive.co.za/business/transport/2016/02/10/number-of-foreigners-visiting-sa-rose-sharply-in-december [2016, February 15].

Referencing – Online Newspaper from an electronic database

Author(s) - Surname & initial Paton, C. Date – Year of publication 2012.Title of article New farming wage model to be sought.Title of newspaper – italicised & capitalised (except articles & prepositions) Business Day. Date – day of publication 23 November.Database – preceded by the word Available: Available: LexisNexis AcademicDate retrieved [2016, February 5].

Paton, C. 2012. New farming wage model to be sought. Business Day. 23 November. Available: LexisNexis Academic [2016, February 5].

Referencing - Website (personal authors)

Author(s) - Surname & initial Dreschler, D. & Hallam, D.Date – Year resource was produced or last updated 2009. Title of resource - italicised Buying land in developing nations: challenges and promises.URL – preceded by the word Available:Date retrieved - date resource was accessed [2015, March 16].

Dreschler, D. & Hallam, D. 2009. Buying land in developing nations: challenges and promises. Available: http://www.voxeu.org/article/buying-land-developing-nations [2015, March 16].

Referencing - Website (group or corporate author)Author(s) - Name of organisation Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Date – Year resource was produced or last updated 2015.Title of resource -italicised Health care quality indicators - primary care.URL – preceded by the word Available:Date retrieved - date resource was accessed [2017, February 9].

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2015. Health care quality indicators - primary care. Available: http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/hcqi-primary-care.htm [2017, February 9].

UCT Author-Date Reference Guide

• More examples of referencing other sources available in the UCT Author-date: Reference Guide

• The guide is available from Libraries’ website

Go to: www.lib.uct.ac.za

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UCT Author-date Reference Guide

Reference guide

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maureen.chiware@uct.ac.za