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Reading In The Gaps
Diagnosis and Interven4on with Struggling Adolescent Readers
Today’s Goals
• Examine current literacy data • Understand backwards assessment with struggling readers
• Understand assessment and instruc4onal strategies in three strands of assessment
• Discuss how to use 4me effec4vely to assess and intervene during regular classroom instruc4on
Where Do We Stand?
• 24% of 8th graders scored below basic in 2013 on the Na4onal Assessment of Educa4onal Progress (NAEP)
• 31% of 4th graders scored below basic in 2013 on the Na4onal Assessment of Educa4onal Progress (NAEP)
• NC EOG Results for 2013-‐2014 – 6th Grade 56.8% proficient – 7th Grade 57.3% proficient – 8th Grade 54.2% proficient
Decoding
Automa4c Word Recogni4on • Assessment: Oral Reading Fluency • Instruc4on: – Timed Repeated Reading – Radio Reading – Fluency Rubrics
Automa4c Word
Recogni4on
Fluency in Context
Decoding & Sight Word Knowledge Print
Concepts
Phonological Awareness
Decoding
Fluency in Context • Assessment: Running Record with Cuing System Analysis
• Instruc4on: – Fix-‐Up Strategies for Reading
Automa4c Word
Recogni4on
Fluency in Context
Decoding & Sight Word Knowledge Print
Concepts
Phonological Awareness
Decoding
Decoding & Sight Word Analysis • Assessment: Word Reading Assessment • Instruc4on: – Syllable Chunking Strategy – Explicit Word Study Instruc4on – Mul4sensory prac4ce of sight words
Automa4c Word
Recogni4on
Fluency in Context
Decoding & Sight Word Knowledge Print
Concepts
Phonological Awareness
Syllable Chunking Strategy
• Students learn the six syllable types • Students learn syllabica4on rules • Students prac4ce naming syllable types in mul4syllabic words
• Students prac4ce reading mul4syllable words by naming and using syllable type knowledge
dĕmŏnstrāte c c v-‐e
/
Decoding
Phonological Awareness • Assessment: Phonological Awareness Skill Test • Instruc4on: – Elkonin boxes – Color coded lecer 4les
Automa4c Word
Recogni4on
Fluency in Context
Decoding & Sight Word Knowledge Print
Concepts
Phonological Awareness
Decoding
Print Concepts • Assessment: Print Concepts Checklist • Instruc4on: – Modeling & Demonstra4on of using printed materials
Automa4c Word
Recogni4on
Fluency in Context
Decoding & Sight Word Knowledge Print
Concepts
Phonological Awareness
Language
Language Comprehension
Knowledge of Text & Sentence Structures
Background Knowledge
Vocabulary Knowledge
Language Comprehension • Assessment: Cloze Assessment, Maze Tasks • Instruc4on: – Vocabulary: Visual Vocabulary Review – Background Knowledge: – Text & Sentence Structure: Sentence Combining
Visual Vocabulary Review 1. Teacher selects 20-‐30 vocabulary words from a text
prior to reading the text with the class. 2. Teacher creates flash cards with the picture or ac4on
cue on one side of the card and the word on the other side of the card.
3. Each day, teacher introduces 5-‐10 new vocabulary cards to students by showing the picture or telling students how to “act out” the word.
4. Each day, teacher reviews 20-‐30 other words as flash cards.
5. When words are mastered, they can be removed from the flash card pack.
Strategy
Strategic Knowledge
Knowledge of Strategies for
Reading
Specific Purposes for Reading
General Purposes for Reading
Strategic Knowledge • Assessment: Reading Strategies Inventory, Think-‐Aloud Protocol
• Instruc4on: – Guided Reading – Cogni4ve Mapping
Cogni4ve Mapping
TRAVEL: 1. Topic: Write down the topic and circle it. 2. Read: Read the paragraph. 3. Ask: Ask what the main idea and three details are and
write them down. 4. Verify: Verify the main idea by circling it and linking
its details. 5. Examine: Examine the next paragraph and Ask and
Verify again. 6. Link: When finished with the story, link all circles.
Strategy
Strategic Knowledge
Knowledge of Strategies for
Reading
Specific Purposes for Reading
General Purposes for Reading
Purposes for Reading • Assessment: Reading Interviews & Surveys • Instruc4on: – Reading tasks with authen4c texts – Discuss purpose with ALL reading tasks
Filng It In
• 200-‐220 minutes of literacy instruc4on
• When do you assess and intervene?
• More ideas: – Independent Work – Lunch Bunch – Interven4on Block
• Con4nuous and Ongoing Prac4ce
Other Recommended Resources • Concepts About Print Assessment – This resource explains more about concepts of print and provides a checklist for assessment of print concepts.
• Think Aloud Protocol Analysis – This is a scholarly ar4cle which explains the protocol and the types of strategies which students use to comprehend a text.
• Using Cogni4ve Mapping to Teach Reading Comprehension – This resource provides a lesson plan starter for using the TRAVEL strategy.
• Florida Center for Reading Research – This site provides student center ac4vi4es for advanced phonics, vocabulary, and comprehension.
Other Recommended Resources • easyCBM lite – This free site allows access to a variety of curriculum-‐based measures for assessing reading.
• San Diego Quick Assessment – This measure assess students’ word reading ability.
• Phonological Skills Awareness Test – This assessment demonstrates where a student falls on the phonological awareness skills con4nuum.
• DIBELS – The University of Oregon’s DIBELS site provides free access to paper copies of DIBELS assessments.
