Welcome

RADARBy

P.Sai kamalII yr ECE

10BA1A0443

OverviewHistory What is radar ?ComponentsPrinciple of operationRadar range measurementRadar equationRadar frequency bandsClassificationApplicationsConclusion

HistoryHeinrich hertz-1886-radio waves

reflection

Hülsmeyer-1903-detection of radio waves

Marconi-1992-shortwaves radio detection

L.A Hyland-1930-Air craft detection

What is Radar?Radio Detection And Ranging

Components

• Transmitter

• Duplexer• Receiver

Principle of operation

Radar observables:• Target range• Target angles (azimuth)• Target size• Target speed (Doppler)• Target features (imaging)

Antenna

TransmittedPulse

TargetCross

Section

Propagation

ReflectedPulse

(“echo”)

The power Pr returning to the receiving antenna is given by the equation:

Radar equation

Pt = transmitter power

Gt = gain of the transmitting antenna

Ar = area of the receiving antenna

σ = scattering coefficient of the target

F = pattern propagation factor

Rt = distance from transmitter to target Rr = distance from the target to the

receiver.

Where

Radar Frequency Bands

Block diagram of primary radar

Block diagram of pulse radar

Transmitter

Receiver

CW-Radar

Applications

Air traffic control Air craft navigation Military

Ship safety Space Remote sensing

ApplicationsIncoherent Scatter Radar

INDIAN radar systems

INDRA ROHINI

Modern radar updates

5-10 cars from both directions Looks like traffic light

Modern radar updates

Captures photos of crossing 100kmsFor motor vehicles

Conclusion

Radar is a way to detect and study far off objects

Basically its a radio echo