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PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
Danielle G. Devilleres
Who is Sigmund Freud?
• Founder of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theories
• Based on the belief that developmental changes occur because of the influence of internal drives and emotions on behavior
The Conscious Mind
• Everything that we are aware of
• Aspect of our mental processing that we can think and talk about rationally
Preconscious Mind
• Memory• Not always part of
consciousness but can be retrieved easily at any time and brought into our awareness
The Unconscious Mind
• Reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges and memories that is outside of our conscious awareness.
The Unconscious Mind
• Most are unacceptable or unpleasant such as pain, anxiety or conflict
• Tend to influence our behavior and experience even though we are unaware of these underlying influences
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• Personality develops primarily in the Unconscious Mind
• Three Structures of Personality– ID– EGO– SUPEREGO
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• ID– Innate– Seeks immediate gratification– “pleasure is good and nothing else
matters”– Libido (psychosexual energy) was
described as the driving force behind pleasure-seeking behavior
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• EGO– Rational : obeys Reality Principle– Develops in the first 2 years of life– Holds ID in check and helps it achieve
gratification within confines of reality
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• SUPEREGO– Learned– Inhibits the ID urges : complete
counterpart– Works as the moral consciousness of the
mind (tells us what is right and wrong)
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
• Ways of thinking about a situation that a person might use to reduce anxiety
• Anxiety is produced from the conflict of the ID, EGO and SUPEREGO
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• Personality develops through a series of childhood stages during which the pleasure-seeking energies of the ID become focused on certain erogenous areas
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• If each stage is successful = healthy personality
• If certain issues not resolved – FIXATION is a persistent focus on an
earlier psychosexual stage. The individual will remain “stuck” in this stage if not resoled
THE ORAL STAGE
• AGE : 0-2 years old (infancy)• PLEASURE : Oral Stimulation
– Rooting and sucking reflex is important– The mouth is vital for eating, therefore
survival• CONFLICT : Weaning Process
– The child must become less dependent upon caretakers
THE ORAL STAGE
• SUCCESS : develops a sense of trust and comfort– Infant is entirely depended upon
caretakers who are responsible for feeding the child
• FIXATION : – individual would have issues with
dependency or aggression– Problems in drinking, eating, smoking.,
or nail biting
THE ANAL STAGE
• AGE : 2-3 years old• PLEASURE : Controlling Bladder and
Bowel movements• CONFLICT : Toilet Training
THE ANAL STAGE
• SUCCESS : Competent, Productive and Creative Adults– There is a sense of accomplishment and
independence– depends upon the way in which parents
approach toilet training– Praise and rewards encourage positive
outcomes and help children feel productive
THE ANAL STAGE
• FIXATION : – Anal-Expulsive Personality
• Parents are too lenient• Individual has a messy, wasteful, or
destructive personality– Anal-Retentive Personality
• Parents are too strict• Individual is stringent, orderly, rigid and
obsessive
THE PHALLIC STAGE
• AGE : 3-7 years old• PLEASURE : Genitals (Self-Pleasure)• CONFLICT :
– Oedipus Complex• Boy develops sexual (pleasurable) desires
for his mother• Want to possess his mother exclusively and
get rid of his father
THE PHALLIC STAGE
• AGE : 3-7 years old• PLEASURE : Genitals (Self-Pleasure)• CONFLICT :
– Oedipus Complex• But the boy thinks that if his father finds out,
his father would take away what he loves the most. During this stage, what the boy loves the most is his penis. This is called castration anxiety.
THE PHALLIC STAGE
• CONFLICT : – Electra Complex
• Less than satisfactory• Girl desires the father but realizes she does
not have a penis• This leads to development of penis envy and
the wish to be a boy
THE PHALLIC STAGE
• SUCCESS :– Identification – internally adopting the
values, attitudes and behaviors of another person• the little boy sets out to resolve this problem
by imitating, copying and joining in masculine dad-type behaviors
THE PHALLIC STAGE
• FIXATION :– Repression
• The girl blames her mother for her “castrated state” and this creates great tension
• The girl then represses her feelings to remove tension and identifies with the mother to take on the female gender role. She represses her desire for her father and substituting the wish for a penis with the wish for a baby
THE LATENCY STAGE
• AGE : 7-11 years old• PLEASURE : Intellectual pursuits and
Social Interaction– Libido is dormant and suppressed– Begins around the time children go to
school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies and other interests
– Time of exploration
THE LATENCY STAGE
• AGE : 7-11 years old• PLEASURE : Intellectual pursuits and
Social Interaction– Sexual energy is still present but is
directed to other areas in intellectual pursuits and social interactions
– Play becomes confined to other children of the same gender
THE LATENCY STAGE
• SUCCESS : – Development of Social and
Communication Skills and Confidence– Developing the Defense Mechanisms
THE GENITAL STAGE
• AGE : 11 to Adulthood• PLEASURE : Heterosexual Pleasure
rather than Self-Pleasure• CONFLICT : Fixation in other
Psychosexual Stages
THE GENITAL STAGE
• SUCCESS : – Well-balanced, warm and caring
individual– Settling down in a loving one-to-one
relationship with another person in our 20’s
– Proper outlet of sexual instincts through heterosexual intercourse
THE GENITAL STAGE
• FIXATION : Sexual Perversions– Fixation at Oral Stage may result to a
person gaining sexual pleasure primarily from kissing and oral sex rather than sexual intercourse
REFERENCES
• McLeod, S. A. (2008). Psychosexual Stages. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/psychosexual.html
• Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development by Kendra Van Wagner
CHARADES TIME!
