Providing the Spark for CCSS

Providing the Spark for CCSS


Performance Based Assessments

VS Problem Based

Learning

Performance Based Assessments

VS Problem Based

Learning

Our Purpose Today…Our Purpose Today…

Discuss strategies that relate to the implementation of CCSS Performance Tasks

Describe Performance-Based Tasks and Models

Describe Problem-Based Learning and Models

Sum up how these two teaching techniques lead to CCSS “Student Generated Discoveries”

CCSS Performance TasksAs part of the CCSS Assessment, students in grades 3-12 will complete up to 5 performance tasks each year.

These tasks will:

-measure complex assessment targets-demonstrate ability to think and reason-require higher-order thinking skills-allow for multiple approaches for collecting evidence of a student’s knowledge and abilities-use real-world contexts-integrate knowledge and skills-measure understanding, research skills, analysis, and the ability to provide relevant evidence-require students to plan, write, edit, and revise their results

Setting the StageSetting the Stagefor for

Performance-BasedPerformance-BasedAssessmentAssessment

Spark Learning Solutions LLCSpark Learning Solutions LLC

Tasks, Projects, &Tasks, Projects, &Assessments That Change Assessments That Change

LearningLearning

ContentsContents

OverviewOverview

Steps of DesignSteps of Design

Rubrics/TemplatesRubrics/Templates

ResourcesResources

Brualdi, Amy (1998). Implementing performance assessment Brualdi, Amy (1998). Implementing performance assessment in the in the classroom. classroom. Practical Assessment, Research & Practical Assessment, Research & EvaluationEvaluation, 6(2). , 6(2). Retrieved April 23, 2010 from Retrieved April 23, 2010 from http://PAREonline.net/getvn.asp?http://PAREonline.net/getvn.asp?v=6&n=2v=6&n=2

If you are like most teachers, it probably is a common practice for you to devise some sort of test to determine whether a previously taught concept has been learned before introducing something new to your students. Probably, this will be either a completion or multiple choice test. However, it is difficult to write completion or multiple choice tests that go beyond the recall level. For example, the results of an English test may indicate that a student knows each story has a beginning, a middle, and an end. However, these results do not guarantee that a student will write a story with a clear beginning, middle, and end. Because of this, educators have advocated the use of performance-based assessments.

Performance-Assessment:What’s It All About?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFSN5AttlGk&feature=related

So What is Performance-Based Assessment (PBA)?

▪Performance-based assessments "represent a set of strategies for the . . . application of knowledge, skills, and work habits through the performance of tasks that are meaningful and engaging to students."

▪ This type of assessment provides teachers with information about how a student understands and applies knowledge.

▪ Also, teachers can integrate performance-based assessments into the instructional process to provide additional learning experiences for students.

*Art work *Inventions *Notebooks *Problems solving

*Cartoons *Websites *Oral reports *Puppet shows

*Collections *Journals *Original plays, stories, dances

*Reading selection *Designs and drawings *Letters

*Pantomimes *Recipes *Documentary reports

*Maps

Examples of PerformanceExamples of PerformanceTasks/ProjectsTasks/Projects

* Performance, musical instrument *Scale models

*Experiments *Model construction *Poetry recitations*Story illustrations

*Foreign language activities *Musical compositions

*Photos *Story boards *Games

*Musical scores *Plans for inventions *Performances

*Graphic Organizers


Learning Menus


PerformancePerformanceBased AssessmentBased Assessment

OverviewOverview

Steps of DesignSteps of Design

Rubrics/TemplatesRubrics/Templates

ResourcesResources

Step 1: Define a PurposeIn order to administer any good assessment, you must have a clearly defined purpose. So, you must ask yourself several important questions:

▪ What concept, skill, or knowledge am I trying to assess? (The Standards)

▪ What should my students know? What outcomes am I looking for?

▪ At what level should my students be performing?

▪ What type of knowledge is being assessed

By answering these questions, you can decide what type of activity best suits you assessment needs.

Step 2: Choose an Activity

After you define the purpose of the assessment, you can make decisions concerning the activity.

There are some things that you must take into account before you choose the activity: time constraints, availability of resources in the classroom, and how much data is necessary in order to make an informed decision about the quality of a student's performance.

Step 3: Define the Criteria▪ Identify the overall performance or task to be

assessed, and perform it yourself or imagine yourself performing it

▪ List the important aspects of the performance or product.

▪ Try to limit the number of performance criteria, so they can all be observed during a pupil's performance.

▪ If possible, have groups of teachers think through the important behaviors included in a task.

▪ Express the performance criteria in terms of observable pupil behaviors or product characteristics.

▪ Don't use ambiguous words that cloud the meaning of the performance criteria.

▪ Arrange the performance criteria in the order in which they are likely to be observed.

Step 4: Create RubricsAs opposed to most traditional forms of testing, performance-based assessments do not have clear-cut right or wrong answers.

Rather, there are degrees to which a person is successful or unsuccessful.

Thus, you need to evaluate the performance in a way that will allow you take those varying degrees into consideration.

This can be accomplished by creating rubrics.

A rubric is a rating system by which teachers can determine at what level of proficiency a student is able to perform a task or display knowledge of a concept. With rubrics, you can define the different levels of proficiency for each criterion.

Step 5: Assess the Performance

Using this information, you can give feedback on a student's performance either in the form of a narrative report or a grade. There are several different ways to record the results of performance-based assessments:

▪ Checklist Approach When you use this, you only have to indicate whether or not certain elements are present in the performances.

▪ Narrative/Anecdotal Approach When teachers use this, they will write narrative reports of what was done during each of the performances. From these reports, teachers can determine how well their students met their standards.

▪ Rating Scale Approach When teachers use this, they indicate to what degree the standards were met. Usually, teachers will use a numerical scale. For instance, one teacher may rate each criterion on a scale of one to five with one meaning "skill barely present" and five meaning "skill extremely well executed."

ResourcesResourceshttp://www.emtech.net/Alternative_Assessment.htmlhttp://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=6&n=2http://web.bsu.edu/IRAA/AA/WB/chapter5.htmhttp://rubistar.4teachers.org/http://edtech.kennesaw.edu/intech/rubrics.htmhttp://www.tcet.unt.edu/START/instruct/general/rubrics.htmhttp://school.discoveryeducation.com/schrockguide/assess.htmlhttp://www.rubrician.com/http://www.uwstout.edu/soe/profdev/rubrics.shtmlhttp://www.rubrics4teachers.com/http://teacher.scholastic.com/professional/assessment/readingassess.htmhttp://fcit.usf.edu/assessment/performance/assessa.html



Problem Based Learning

Problem Based Learning

"The basic principle supporting the concept of PBL is older than formal education itself; namely, learning is initiated by a posed problem, query, or puzzle that the learner wants to solve" (Duch, Groh, & Allen, 2001).

"The basic principle supporting the concept of PBL is older than formal education itself; namely, learning is initiated by a posed problem, query, or puzzle that the learner wants to solve" (Duch, Groh, & Allen, 2001).

How do PrBLs & PBAs apply to CCSS?

• The CCSS explicitly calls for, and integrate, higher-order thinking skills (PrBL) as a means to achieving career and college readiness for all students.

• The CCSS documents establish critical thinking, reasoning, communication and media/information/technology literacy in ELA and mathematics as a key performance outcomes (PBA) around which curricula and assessments should be focused.

Partnership for 21st Century Skills 2012

The Motivation to Learn Begins

with a Problem

In a problem-based learning (PBL) model, students engage complex, challenging

problems and collaboratively work toward their resolution. PBL is about students

connecting disciplinary knowledge to real-world problems—the motivation to solve

a problem becomes the motivation to learn.

What is P(R)BL?

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional method that challenges students to "learn to learn," working

cooperatively in groups to seek solutions to real world problems. These problems are used to engage students' curiosity and initiate learning the subject matter. PBL prepares students to think critically

and analytically, and to find and use appropriate learning resources.

-Barbara Duch

PBL overlaps with other active learning models

such as group work and case studies, but is distinguished by the

focus on having students delineate,

research, and solve a realistic problem.

Washington Department of Education

It's Not New!

PrBL was pioneered in the medical school program at McMaster University in

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in late 1960s by Howard Barrows and his colleagues.

Traditional medical education disenchanted students, who perceived

the vast amount of material presented in the first three years of medical school as having little relevance to the practice of

medicine and clinically based medicine.

Research says……

The three major complaints of employers about college graduates are the graduates poor written and verbal skills, their inability to problem-solve, and their difficulties working collaboratively. PrBL can address all three areas.

DeGallow & Grant, UCI

Research says…..Research says…..cont.cont.

Dochy and colleagues (2003) have found that, although the students gain slightly less

knowledge, they retain more of the knowledge acquired, the knowledge is better organized, and the skills are immediate and lasting. This increase in the learning of skills is supported by Baker, McDaniel, Pesut, and Fisher's (2007) research in which they found

that students engaged in PBL exceeded traditional students in clinical knowledge,

performance, and satisfaction with program.

Why Use Problem-Based Learning

*PBL better prepares students to apply their learning to real-world situations.

*PBL enables students to become producers, rather than consumers, of knowledge.

*PBL can help students develop communication, reasoning and critical thinking skills.

Teacher’s Concerns……

* How do I get started?

* I am responsible for teaching all of the standards. What about gerunds?? And similes???

Performance-Based Assessment can help!

* How do I get started?

* I am responsible for teaching all of the standards. What about gerunds?? And similes???

Performance-Based Assessment can help!

How do I get started with PBL? Develop problems that:

*Capture students’ interest by relating to real-world issues.

*Draw on students’ previous learning and experience.

*Integrate content objectives with problem-solving skills. (Science, SS)

*Require a cooperative, multi-staged method to solve.


Develop Problems Continued

*Necessitate that students do some independent research to gather all information relevant to the problem.

*Design assessment tools that: *Account for process (e.g. research,

collaboration) as well as content skills.

*Are closely tied to course learning objectives.

*Balance individual and group performance.


What instructors do:*Develop real-world, complex and open-ended

problems such as might be faced in the workplace or daily life.

*Act as facilitators, making sure students are staying on track and finding the resources they need.

*Raise questions to student groups that deepen the connections they make among concepts.

*Strike a balance between providing direct guidance and encouraging self-directed learning. Washington Department of Education

What students do:

*Address the problem, identifying what they need to learn in order to develop a solution and where to look for appropriate learning resources.

*Collaborate to gather resources, share and synthesize their findings, and pose questions to guide further learning tasks for the group.Washington Department of Education

Classroom Implementation

Varied Amount of Structure

Based on the age of the students some whole group

discussion may be needed to solve the task.

*An entire course can be PBL based, or PBL can be used for part of a given unit.*Depending on your learning goals, it is

possible to design problems with a narrow range of correct solutions or with a wider range of creative possibilities.

*Though usually based in group work, PBL can also have individualized components, provided that students are required to come together to discuss their findings.


Classroom Implementation

Procedures Within the Group

• Use group etiquette--concensus• Discuss the problem: prior knowledge & ideas. The

scribe records all of the information.• Decide what needs to be researched and who will do

it. Set a time to reconvene to discuss the research.• Discuss & come to a consensus on a plan of action• Work collaboratively to decide the end product the

group has selected.• Share the results

How Do They Compare?

PBLSupports the 21st

Century Skills needed to support the Career

Readiness Anchor Standards

• Student centered• Problem drives the

learning• No one answer is

correct• Increased motivation

• Process-centered rather than product-

centered

PBAGives teachers the

means to build in mini-lessons to

ensure the CCSS are taught

• Group or individual tasks

• Teacher sets the expectations

• Students are assessed on

application of knowledge, skills and

work habits

A Happy MediumA Happy Medium

Our Purpose Today…Our Purpose Today…

Discuss strategies that relate to the implementation of CCSS Performance Tasks

Describe Performance-Based Tasks and Models

Describe Problem-Based Learning and Models

Sum up how these two teaching techniques lead to CCSS “Student Generated Discoveries”

For More Information…For More Information…

CCSS Performance Tasks Training Module

(click below to watch module)

Website Gems

Pbln.imsa.edu/model/scenariosPrimary – Adult scenarios

Pbln.imsa.edu/model/problems/lunaar2008/index.htmlLunar outpost,step by step, coaching tips

Pbln.imsa.edu/model/problems/lunar2008/led/shareinfo/index.htmltemplates

Website Gems 2

www.cotf.edu/ete/teacher/teacherout.htmlSimplified model, distinguish between well

structured scenarios

Depts.washington.edu/cidrweb/Bulletin/PBL.htmlGreat info

Cte.umdnj.edu/active_learning/active_pbl.cfm 25 links

Dive10perspectives.asha.org/content/13/1/27.fullPBL Examples