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A teacher's workshop was held at Independent Medical College, Faisalabad on 11th June, 2010. It was excellent workshop for teachers to improve regular class activities for effective teaching focusing on objective learning.
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Problem Solving Problem Solving teachingteaching
Problem Solving Problem Solving teachingteaching
Awais ShujaAwais Shuja
Change
When we learn best
• By solving problem• By discovering answer• By contributing to answer• By defending answer
Problem based learning
• is an instructional method that challenges students to "learn to learn," working cooperatively in groups to seek solutions to real world problems.
Patterns of classroom interactions that consistently produce desirable student outcomes in the form of higher test scores, increased problem solving skills, improved attitude toward subject, etc….”
– Borich. (1988). Effective Teaching
Effective Teaching
Why do I think it’s important to teach
problem solving
• Being able to solve problems improves students lives.
• Working with dummies is not fun.
• Students who cannot problem solve will behave like dummies.
OBJECTIVES• Orient students toward meaning-making over
fact-collecting
• Promote independent thinking
• Develop group work & social skills
• Cultivate knowledge-forming skills
• Motivate and involve students
Problem Solving Traditional• Key element - learning Key element -
teaching
• Responsibility-student Responsibility-teacher
• Student input Teacher decisions
• Focus - real problems Focus - Knowledge
Fundamental Changes (if problem solving approach is used)
• Balance of power from teacher to student
• Focus of attention learning process vs. content
• Teaching skills more interactive
Overall Emphasis: Lifelong learning and learning
how to learn
Problem solving as an art
• Is an act of inquiry and discovery• Promotes independent thinking• Is a set of procedures to be
practiced• Can be infused into curriculum
“ A great discovery solves a great problem, but there is a grain of discovery in the solution of any problem.”
G. Polya, How to Solve It, (1945)
Overall plan (IDEAL)
• I - identify problem• D – define problem• E – explore solution• A – act on strategies• L – look back and evaluate
Identifying the problem• • The complaint is what you’re told.• The symptom is what they’re complaining
about.• The defect is what’s actually broken.• The problem is what you need to get
working.
Define the problem
• What are the rules of engagement?• What do you know about the
process• when it works?• This is the picture-drawing and
searching question phase.
explore solution• Find solutions & choose one• Always aim to identify multiple
solutions.• Weigh the choices against each
other.• Consider side-effects and long-
term effects.
Strategies
• Compute or simplify• Use a formula, model or diagram ,table,
chart or list• Talk it over with someone else• Take a risk• Make mistakes, and learn from them• Guess, check and revise
Problem Solving as context
• Practice for reinforcement of skills and concepts
• Addresses important concepts
• Connects to students’ previous learning
• Is meaningful and relevant
• Accommodates diverse learning styles
A problem is . . .
1) Something difficult to deal with or understand
2) An exercise in a textbook or examination
Oxford English Dictionary
Problem-solving environment
• Ideas have potential to contribute to learning and should be respected
• Students have autonomy with respect to methods of solving problems
• Mistakes afford opportunities for examination and learning
Problem-solving as a Vacation
• Good planning is necessary.• The journey is more important
than the destination.• You will make side trips and have
delays or detours.• It is an experience that enriches
the routine.