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Cluster Technology of Wallonia Energy, Environment and sustainable Development
TWEED Industry Presentation
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Cluster Technology of Wallonia Energy, Environment and sustainable Development
Biomass Industry
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Biomass Sources
• Woodfuel
• Crops/Farm residues
• Organic Waste
Source: Hoogwijk (2003, Biomass and Energy, 25, 119-133)
Biomass energy resource categories
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Processes for energy exctraction
• Direct combustion• Thermo-chemical gasification (heat to 800ºC under pressure)• Pyrolysis (heat to 300-500ºC in near absence of air)• Anaerobic digestion• Fermentation of non-woody biomass• Hydrolysis & fermentation of woody biomass• Transesterification of vegetable oils• Gasification and catalytic production of Fischer-Tropsch liquids• Gasification to produce hydrogen
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Biomass in Europe
• s
Source: Baromètre BIOMASSE SOLIDE – EUROBSERV’ER – Novembre 2010
Share of Primary Energy
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Biomass in Europe
Source: Baromètre BIOMASSE SOLIDE – EUROBSERV’ER – Novembre 2010
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Year
Bio
fuel
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n (
Mt/
yr)
IndustrialBiofuelsDomesticCharcoalDomesticDungDomesticCropsDomesticFuelwood
Trends in biomass use by type
*with uncertainty bars for the total Source: Energy and the New Reality, Volume 2, L. D. Danny Harvey
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*with uncertainty bars for the total
Trends in biomass use by region
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Year
Bio
fuel
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n (
Mt/
yr)
NorthAmericaLatinAmericaWesternEuropeEasternEurope/FSUAfrica
South Asia
East Asia
SoutheastAsiaOceania
Source: Energy and the New Reality, Volume 2, L. D. Danny Harvey
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Cluster Technology of Wallonia Energy, Environment and sustainable Development
Woodfuel
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Biomass in Wallonia
50 % agricultural land30 % forest (~540.000 ha)10 % urban planning6 % transport infrastructure 4 % water/wetlands
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Walloon Market
• Belgian target for renewable energy in 2020 is 13% of the final energy consumption.
• Wallonia goes greener ? a target RE of 20% and 30% for green electricity. (decisions pending)
• In 2010, Wallonia used around 147 TWh of energy; o RE cover 6.2% of the final energy consumption (9.1 TWh)o Biomass accounts for more than 85% of the renewable energy
production 5.5 TWh are produced by biomass CHP (1.25 TWh of electricity) 0.2 TWh by biogas plants 1.5 TWh for residential heating (pellets boilers, stoves, etc.) and the rest
is coming from biofuel
o Biomass will remain the most important RE source for the 2020 target
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Walloon Pellets Production
There are 8 companies that produce pellets with a total capacity of 500,000 tons/year.
However, most of the pellets consumption is imported (Canada, Eastern Europe, etc.) for biomass CHP or the heating market.
Source: The World of Pellets, Bioenergy 2010
Capacity (tons/year)
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Belgium Pellets Markets
Source: The World of Pellets, Bioenergy 2010
The wood pellet market in Belgium is characterized by a large demand for industrial pellets for (co-)firing in power production, a young pellet production industry with limited production and a fast developing market for residential pellet heating.
The total pellet consumption in Belgium in 2008 is estimated at 920,000 tons of which
around 800,000 tons were industrial pellets consumed for power production.
The Green Certificate Scheme in Belgium contributed to stimulating the demand for solid biofuels, including pellets, for electricity generation by (co)combustion, Electrabel (GDF Suez) being the major consumer of industrial wood pellets in Belgium.
This sector largely relies on pellet imports from Germany, Eastern Europe and North America and is expected to be growing significantly in the next years.
It is estimated that around 325,000 tons of pellets were produced by at least 10 producers in 2008. Four of them are DINplus certified (October 2009) and it is expected that a good share of the domestic production in Belgium is targeting the domestic heating market. Since stoves are the main pellet appliance, the majority of pellets are probably traded in bags. Some of the larger pellet plants produce exclusively for the power sector. Large exports are not reported.
The consumption of high quality pellets in the heating market can be roughly estimated at 120,000 tons in 2008, meaning that more than 11 kg of pellets were consumed per capita. This is comparable to the situation in Germany. However, in contrast to Germany, stoves are the main pellet appliance in Belgium.
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Power Production
- From Wood to PowerTechnical Diagram
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Power Production
Power production with pellets in Wallonia, Les Awirs, 85 MW!
Source Valbiom
- Walloon Companies
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XYLOWATT Gasification CHP Plant
Global efficiency = 75% (25% electricity, 50% heat)
(Combined Heat & Power 0,1–10 MWe)
www.xylowatt.be
Power Production Technologies
The NOTAR ® downdraft gasifier
Wood is composed of52% C + 6% H + 41% O + 1% ashes
PYROLYSIS
Wood is decomposed in charcoal (30%) and pyrolysis gas (70%)
COMBUSTION
Pyrolysis gas (composed mainly of heavy tars) are burned and cracked with air to produce CO2 & H2O at high temperature (1200°C)
REDUCTION
Exhaust gases react with the carbon of the charcoal to form the fuel gas: CO2 + C = 2 CO et H2O + C = H2 + CO
Power Production Technologies
- Gasification Powerplant manufacturer and turnkey provider- Operation (remote control & telemonitoring) and Maintenance (on-site & assistance)- Gasification process Woodgas production for industries ( ex: woodgas for glassmaking furnace)
Power Production Technologies
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Power Production Technologies
Biomass CHP 3MW project in Liège
Fabricom provides innovative technical installations and services for the industry, energy sector, tertiary and infrastructure markets. Its expertise covers a wide and varied range of technical disciplines, including Electrical, Instrumentation, Mechanical, Industrial Piping, Automation, and Maintenance, etc.
Power Production Technologies
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De Smet Engineers & contractors
Biomass Power Turnkey projects, Engineering Works, General-contracting in Energy (Steam Process, Electricity Production, Biomass Boiler, etc. )
Solutions for: - Storage- Solids Handling- Preparation of biomass: shredding, drying, pelletization…- Biomass energy recovery technology: combustion, gasification, methanisation...- Electricity production system: steam turbine, gas turbine, ORC turbine, internal combustion
engine- Heat Production: steam, hot water, hot air or gas, thermal oil...- Heat Valorisation: pelletization, drying, distillation…
www.dsengineers.com
Power Production Technologies
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Engineering, architecture and management consultancy, turnkey projects
Active in the development of projects relating to renewable energies such as wind power, thermal solar energy, biomethanation and gasification, cogeneration, district heating , etc.
www.tpf.eu
TPF: Biomass plant and treatment of olive's waste - 20 MW - Spain
TPF: Household Waste Incineration Plant - Belgium
TPF Group
CORETEC, an engineering consultancy company specializing in energy,
can offer its services for the study, implementation, optimization and
supervision of reliable and high-performance solutions.
Services are available in 4 sectors:
- Construction technology
- Industrial technology
- HP Energy Production
- Energy Purchases' Management
www.coretec.be
- Walloon Companies (others)
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Power Production Technologies
CMI: Cockerill Maintenance & Ingénierie
- Conception of boilers for Industries & Energy sector
(Heat Production, HRSG ,etc.)
- Combination of a waste incineration with a combined cycle (gas turbin, heat recovery boiler, steam turbin) increase the yield by 5%
- Organic Rankine Cycle (gas ou liquids < 400 °C)
www.cmigroupe.com
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Heat Recovery Steam Generators
Power Production Technologies
CMI: Cockerill Maintenance & Ingénierie
24
Electrabel: Awirs – 80 MW- Biomass -
CMI Energy Services has converted the Awirs power station to biomass. The boiler no longer burns coal as before, but wood pellets.
Power Production Technologies
Biom offers a complete heating solution comprising boiler
and feeder-system installation, adjustment, maintenance-staff training,
an annual service and the supply of fuel.
- Range from 200 to 1000 kW.
Tailored for
• Government buildings (civil service…)
• Public services (schools, hospitals, retirement homes…)
• Sporting infrastructures (sports halls, swimming pools…)
• Industrial premises
• The timber and woodworking industry
www.biom.be
HEAT Production
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Power Production Technologies
BIOMInnovative and patented combustion process: the cyclonic burner
• Use of a variety of fuels (slashed wood, pellets, sawdust,
fruit stones, cereals…)
• A level of fuel humidity that reaches 30%
• A low level of inertia enabling rapid start-up
and shut-down according to your needs
• High performance levels (90%)
• Low maintenance owing to complete combustion
• Staged combustion leading to reduced levels of pollutants
26
Power Production Technologies
HEAT Production
4ENERGY Invest
The core business of 4Energy Invest consists in
turning non-contaminated wood biomass, wood residues, shavings, barks ... which are at their end-of-life in the forestry sector, into energy, either directly through cogeneration process to generate heat and electricity, or indirectly through torrefaction process to produce renewable solid fuels such as BioCoal.
4Energy Invest is operating a fully operational cogeneration plant,
located in Amel (Wallonia, Belgium), Currently developing cogeneration projects in Ham (Flanders, Belgium) and in Pontrilas (England, UK).
As project development company, 4Energy Invest is continuously assessing several other projects and has further identified a number of sites that offer opportunities to build and operate biomass-to-energy projects in Belgium as well as elsewhere in Europe (+ Brazil)
27
Biomass schemes
www.4energyinvest.com
Power Production Technologies
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Cluster Technology of Wallonia Energy, Environment and sustainable Development
Biomethanation
Crops/ Farm Residues
Biomethanation Principles
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PRINCIPLES Anaerobic digestion of organic matters leading to the generation of methane and carbon dioxide
Process involves three steps :1. Hydrolysis 2. Acidification3. Acetogenesis 4. Methanogenesis
Process can be carried out in a single step or a two steps
GreenWatt- from the feasibility study to the construction and start-up of the installations, turnkey
projects
- developed an innovative biomethanation technology; Unlike traditional technologies, this technology – called two-stage – enables energy production at a local scale on the basis of plant residues without any need for external contribution (liquid manure, etc.).
- offers a simple, efficient solution for purifying the COD-laden water evacuated by the food-processing industry.
30
Power Production - Walloon Companies / Technologies
FAD (Flushing Anaerobic Digestor), developped by GreenWatt is an original design of a digestor (methaniser) with high yield incorporating a system of unpatching and renewing of the biofilm.
Walloon Technology, Patented
www.greenwatt.be
Biomethanation Technologies
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- Building of an industrialtreatment unit ( endive roots)Electricity production
- (80 kWe 24/24 ) and heatproduction (94 kWth for 15 tons ofwaste a day).
Biomethanation Technologies
Power Production - Walloon Companies / Technologies
32
Biomethanation Technologies
Realco developed an expertise in enzyme-based hydrolysis processes. Enzymes degrade organic macromolecules, these elements are more water soluble and more easily assimilable by microorganisms. Hydrolysis is the limiting step for bacterial assimilation and thus for biological effluent treatment such as biomethanation.
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The enzymatic hydrolysis developed by Realco focus on a pre-treatment of the substrate before its introduction into the digester.
This strong pre-treatment allows to accomplish:- substrate liquefaction and homogenization, influent viscosity decrease- substrate biodigestibility increase, i.e. Increase of the substrate assimilation rate by microorganisms population responsible for the production of biogas and energy.
Biomethanation- Increase energy with enzymatic solutions- Provides solution for overloaded / undersized digesters- Increase biogas production- Improve digester yield- Accelerate digesters (re)start
ApplicationsSubstrates difficult to treat but having great interest regarding their methanogenic potential Digester yieldFor any substrates : fat, manure and litter, food industry waste, household waste, WWTP sludges, etc...
Biomethanation Technologies
34
Balteau
- Contractor- Balteau designs and builds pumping, sewage management and drinking water facilities.
In the Biogas sectorcollecting, pumping, management, valorisation, burning
www.balteau.eu
Biomethanation Companies
Walloon Companies (others)
35
www.cebedeau.com
MethadevMETHADEV is an active small business in the sector of renewable power, specialized in the treatment and increasing the value of waste and organic effluents. METHADEV owns a specific expertise in producing and using biogas.www.methadev.com
CebedeauCentre for Expertise in the Treatment and Management of Water
Cebedeau is also active in the sector of biomethanation: • Expertise in biological and physico-chemical treatment• Industrial water management• Sampling, analysis and pilot testing• Applied research and technology transfer • Training and seminars
Biomethanation Technologies
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Cluster Technology of Wallonia Energy, Environment and sustainable Development
Biofuel
Source: Hamelink and Faaij (2006, Energy Policy 34, 3268–3283, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03014215
Biofuel Overview
Hydrogen(H )2
Methanol(CH OH)3
DME(CH OCH )3 3
FT Diesel(C H )x y
SNG(CH )4
Biodiesel(C H )x y
Ethanol(CH CH OH)3 2
Biodiesel(alkyl esters)
Bio oil(vegetable oil)
Water gas shift+ separation
Catalysedsynthesis
Purification
Hydro treatingand refining
Fermentation
Esterification
Vegetable oil
Sugar
Bio oil
Biogas
SyngasGasification
Anaerobicdigestion
Flash pyrolysis
Hydrothermalliquefaction
Lignocellulosicbiomass
Hydrolysis
Milling andhydrolysis
Pressing orExtraction
Oil plants
Sugar/starchcrops
Ethanol/ Biodiesel production in 2008
Ethanol Production in 2008Total = 67 billion litres
US51%
Brazil40%
China3%
France2%
Other4%
Biodiesel Production in 2008 Total = 12 billion litres
Germany18%
US17%
Other23%
Spain3%
Italy3%
Thailand3%
France13%
Brazil10%
Argentina10%
Source: Energy and the New Reality, Volume 2, L. D. Danny Harvey
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Pro
du
ctio
n (
bill
ion
s lit
res/
yr)
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Ethanol/ Biodiesel production in 2010
In Wallonia:- A target of 5,75% of biofuel in transport for 2010
Production unit:- BioWanze: capacity of 300 000 tons of bioethanol per year
- Néochim in Feluy: capacity of 240 000 tons of biodiesel per year
De Smet Engineering & Contractors
Funded in 1990 by Groupe De Smet• General contracting company specialized in the agro-industrial field ( sugar industries, edible oil, etc.) • Supplier of industrial equipments• Project management• In 2004, DSEC made its general-contracting know-how available in other fields, including bio-energy and agro-chemical sectors (bioethanol/biodiesel).• Turnover 120M€• More than 100 employees• On 5 continents• 450.000 m³ yearly building capacity
Companies
www.dsengineers.com
Biofuel - Bioethanol/Biodiesel
De Smet Engineering & Contractors
- Capacity of 300 000 tons of bioethanol per year
- from 800.000 tons of wheat and 400.000 tons of sugarbeets
250 millions € investment
Building of a bioethanol production unit in Biowanze, Belgium
Biofuel - Bioethanol/Biodiesel
Green Automotive
Biofuel - Bioethanol/Biodiesel
Pellets
• Humidity Rate between 6 and 12 %
• NCV 5 kWh/kg
Biocoal (Biochar)
•Humidity Rate between 3 %
• NCV 6,7-7 kwh/kg
Wood chips
•Humidity Rate between 20 and 30 %
• NCV 3,5 kWh/kg
Coal NCV 7,5-9 kWh/kg
Biofuel - Biocoal
CMI- NESA
- Technology supplier- Supplies and develops wood torrefaction equipments
Biocoal Technology Supplier
4Energy Invest
BioCoal production capacity by end 2012 of 250,000 Tons
Biocoal Producer
World PremiereProject PHOENIX: Turn your car into fuel!
- Conversion Process of organic matters contained in grinding remnants of metallic waste to hydrocarbon alternative liquids and carbon used in steel industry, by low temperature catalytic craking- Recycling European average (82%) Comet + Phoenix (90%)- Low energy process, 70.000 T/ Year 20 million liters
www.certech.bewww.cometsambre.be
Biofuel from waste
Project Bema
SynCap has initiated a renewable energy and bio-tech project aiming at the production of:
- Bio-energy (diesel) from microalgae (BEMA) and - Molecules with high added value.
The BEMA project’s major objective is to implement a prototype photo-bioreactor that can demonstrate the feasibility of large scale microalgae biomass production.
www.syncap.eu
Biofuel from algae
- Waste Recycling
Sita Treatment
Shanks
www.sita.be
Waste management
- Treatment of household waste by sorting, recycling, incineration and revaluation.- Authorised landfill site management
www.shanks.be
Biofuel from waste
Cluster Technology of Wallonia Energy, Environment and sustainable Development
Electricity: Production support
Belgium Green Certificates mechanism
Belgium Green Certificates mechanims:
1.Growing obligation % of renewable power based on yearly electricity sales for each power supplier
2.Penalty for the share that is not covered by Certificates (x €/ missing GC)
3.Market for exchanging Certificates between green producers and suppliers needing them
4.Regulatory body in each region granting the Certificates and surveying the market
5.Certified bodies for inspecting the green power plants and the bio-fuel resources
Belgium Green Certificates mechanism
One certificate per 1000 kWh produced, different in the 3 Regions (Wallonia, Brussel, Flemish Region) Different price, different determination
Different determination:
1.Flemish region 1 GC = 1MWh green electricity produced2.Flemish region: 1 CHP Certificate = 1 MWh primary energy saving3.Wallonia: 1 GC = 456 kg CO2avoided + Reduction factor applied on plants > 10 years old4.Brussels: 1 GC = 217 kg CO2 avoided5.Federal: 1 GC = 1 MWh green electricity (Territorial waters, Off-shore windmills)
Belgium Green Certificates mechanism
Belgium Green Certificates mechanism
Belgium Green Certificates mechanism
Different determination: other rules
FlemishTide&Wave, Hydro < 10 MWe, Biomass accorded to
a)vegetable products from agriculture and forestry;b)litter and manure;c)sorted organic-biological waste;d)unsorted organic-biological waste with min. 35 % energy recuperated
Wallonia CHP and HYDRO < 20 Mwe
Brussel PV, Wind, Biogas, Geothermal, Hydro < 10 Mwe, Organic waste from agriculture and forestry
Belgium Green Certificates mechanism
Belgium Green Certificates mechanism