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Self and Time Management for Students
Pakistan Naval Academy
Karachi
May 29, 2009
Basheer JumaStudy Methods and Examination
Techniques by Basheer Juma
Students to do
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Students to do
Change your habits accordingly.Develop your skills.Work hard.Review your progress.Document yourself.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
The Study and Examination Process
Assessment
Phase I
StudyPlanning
Phase II
DevelopSkills
Phase III
Fighting Anxiety and
Stress
Phase IV
Attempting thePaper
Phase V
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Assess your position
The Process
DetermineObjectives
of life.
Why you have been created.
Where will you go
ultimately.
Set your goals
PersonalCareer
EconomicFamilyAnd
Social
Prepare your
Plus and Minus
position.Find out.
Find out your problems. Problem
within you and problem around you.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Know your syllabus
and get the right books.
Get base books and
also Supplementary
books
Review past years papers
and find out
the exanimation
trend
Plan study environment.
Make plan and schedule your
activities.
Make a practical time table.
Make a system of
making daily review and note your progress regularly.
Use charts.
Assess your position
The Process
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Reading.
How do you read. What
is comfortable environment
for you.
Listening and notes
taking.
Your class room roles,
participation and
retention style.
Notes making
and retention as notes (sheets), Cards or soft copy
Revisions.How do you retain your record and
how often do you revise
them.Revision for examinationIs important.
Assess your position
The Process
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Fight with these problems.
The Process
Stress.
Here time management
skills are required.
Anxiety.Here
psychological improvement is required.
Pressures, interruptions,Barriers and constraints.
Procrastination.Lethargy.
Delaying the important
Items.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Struggle is the meaning Struggle is the meaning of life.of life.
Defeat or victory is in Defeat or victory is in the hands of God.the hands of God.
Struggle itself manStruggle itself man’’s s duty and should be his duty and should be his joy.joy.
What's Success
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2-Studying
2.1 Before starting the studies2.1 Before starting the studies
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.1.1 Have a goal in mind
It is always helpful to have a It is always helpful to have a clear objective in mind, for clear objective in mind, for the studies that a student is the studies that a student is pursuing. These objectives pursuing. These objectives can be different for students can be different for students of different levels or of different levels or categories. Some of these categories. Some of these might be:might be:
To have the To have the basic educationbasic education without which one cannot be without which one cannot be recognized by the society as recognized by the society as an educated person. an educated person.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.1.1 Have a goal in mind
To acquire a higher learning in a subject of special interest, such as International Relations or Applied Chemistry.
To enable one to take up the profession of one’s choice and liking.
To move higher in one’s career.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.1.2 Know the syllabus
Many students do not know exactly what topics are included in the course.
In such a situation, they might be wasting their time on what is not expected from them.
it is, therefore, important that a student should acquire a copy of the syllabus.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Examination Planning ChartExamination Planning Chart
EXAM – MODULE E
NAME OF SUBJECT
BASIC BOOKS(S)
SUPPLEMENTARY BOOK(S)
HELPING PERSONS
COACHING
NOTES
NOTES STATUS
FILE STATUS
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.1.3 Acquire books and other necessities
Besides the prescribed textbooks, often other related books are also recommended.
Acquire them wherever possible. Books too costly or not available in the market may be borrowed from friends or libraries.
Also, collect past years question papers. Get a good dictionary and other necessary
items like paper, pen, pencil and folders.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.1.4 Ascertain important areas
Important portions of the course from which questions might be expected to be asked in the examination, are often indicated by the teachers.
In addition, the student too can work out himself such parts by studying thoroughly the past years’ question papers.
The student should work harder on these portions of the course.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.2 Preferred environment and modes of study
Methods of study largely Methods of study largely depend on an depend on an individual’s individual’s naturenature and and circumstances. circumstances.
Methods of study also Methods of study also differ from subject to differ from subject to subject. The methods subject. The methods suitable for the study of suitable for the study of Political Science, for Political Science, for example, are not likely to example, are not likely to be the same as those for be the same as those for Information Technology.Information Technology.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.2 Preferred environment and modes of study
Yet there are certain Yet there are certain aspects which are aspects which are common and certain rules common and certain rules that apply in most cases. that apply in most cases. Some of these are detailed Some of these are detailed here. here.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.2.1 Place of study
One can always try to re-locate or One can always try to re-locate or re-arrange his or her place of re-arrange his or her place of study so as to bring it as close to study so as to bring it as close to the ideal one as possible.the ideal one as possible.
It is It is better not to changebetter not to change your your place of study every now and place of study every now and then. then.
Stick to one placeStick to one place. . A good place of study is a A good place of study is a quiet quiet
private room, well-lit and properly private room, well-lit and properly furnishedfurnished. Some of the essential . Some of the essential requirements of the room are:requirements of the room are:
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.2.1 Place of study
Table and chair.
Bookshelves and a notice-board.
Lights.
Cooling and fresh air.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.2.2 Preferred posture.
A person studies with A person studies with his mind. But what his mind. But what should he do with his should he do with his body along all that? body along all that?
A very comfortable A very comfortable chair with thick chair with thick cushions might turn cushions might turn create drowsiness. create drowsiness.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.3 Joint studies
Such an arrangement Such an arrangement can prove to be fruitful can prove to be fruitful only if the two partners only if the two partners happen to be of happen to be of comparable intelligence comparable intelligence and understanding of and understanding of the subject as well as the subject as well as being equally serious in being equally serious in the pursuit of their the pursuit of their studies. studies.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.4 Fighting distractions
During studies most of During studies most of the significant the significant distractions, except distractions, except noise, are internal—noise, are internal—created by one’s own created by one’s own mind. These include:mind. These include:
IndecisionIndecision DaydreamsDaydreams Personal problemsPersonal problems Anxiety due to Anxiety due to
unrealistic goalsunrealistic goals
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.5 Preparing Plans and Timetables
After acquiring information about the syllabus, key areas and the trends in question papers, the next step is to prepare a plan an a timetable for studies.
Usually, a plan covers a longer period of time and indicates only broadly the intended scheme of studies.
It will show what topics or subjects are to be taken up first, which areas are to be given more time and also that what proportion of time one would give to rest, recreation and sleep.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
IF YOU FAIL IF YOU FAIL TOTO
PLANPLAN
YOU AREYOU ARE
PLANNING TOPLANNING TO
FAILFAIL
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
PREPARATIONPREPARATIONStudy Methods and Examination
Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.5.2 Timetables
On the other hand, On the other hand, timetables cover a timetables cover a shorter periodshorter period, a week , a week or a day, and give or a day, and give more exact details. more exact details.
A daily A daily timetable will timetable will indicate the exact indicate the exact timings and duration timings and duration of various activitiesof various activities..
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.5.2 Timetables
A A weekly timetable weekly timetable consists of such consists of such schedules for every schedules for every day of the week which day of the week which may or may not be may or may not be repeated over the repeated over the following weeksfollowing weeks. .
The under mentioned The under mentioned points should be kept points should be kept in mind while in mind while preparing timetables:preparing timetables:
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.5.2 Timetables
Study hours : The best hours for study are in the morning when the mind is fresh and it is easy to concentrate. Find your best study hours under your own circumstances.
Periods of study: The periods of study may stretch from one to three hours.
Concentration and efficiency tend to dwindle after about an hour’s study.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.5.2 Timetables
Give more daylight hours to study: It has been established by research one hour’s study during the day equals one and a half hour’s study at night.
Difficult parts: The most difficult part of the course should be studied during hours found best for studies. Find your prime time.
Revision: Each day’s study session should be started with a revision of the previous day’s work. This would re-enforce the previous day’s work and would also serve as a warm up process for this day’s session.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
2.5.2 Timetables
Relaxation, exercise and sleep: The timetable must allocate sufficient time for sleep and adequate periods for relaxation and exercise.
Synchronize his period of relaxation and recreation with those of others in the family..
Good meals: Well-balanced meals should be taken at the proper time. Greasy or low protein food is not advisable. Deficiencies in the diet lead to weariness and lack of enthusiasm for work.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
3-Reading MethodsMethods
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
3.1.1 Examining a book-
This is called skimming. One just glances through a book to find out its scope and contents.
This kind of ‘reading’ is undertaken when one has to examine if a particular book would be useful for his studies or not.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
3.1.2 Locating an important point or topic
It involves going through the pages of a book rapidly to locate a certain point or topic which is now required to be consulted.
This is called scanning. A student often needs to scan books and
periodicals during his studies to re-locate a point which he might have already gone through earlier.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
3.1.3 Serious reading
This is reading for a This is reading for a study. study. One goes through One goes through the pages of the book the pages of the book slowly and often slowly and often repeatedlyrepeatedly. The object is . The object is to understand and digest to understand and digest fully what has been said fully what has been said in those pages. in those pages.
A hardworking student A hardworking student would usually write the would usually write the passage himself in his passage himself in his own words to check if own words to check if he has understood the he has understood the text correctly and fully. text correctly and fully.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
3.2 What is a good reading speed ?
Although there are people who can read much faster, a speed of 250-300 words per minute is good enough.
Reading speed problem, if it exists, can be over come by enlarging one’s vocabulary and mastering the difficult words that come across frequently
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
3.3 Concentration
Some of the techniques Some of the techniques that can help secure that can help secure concentration are given concentration are given below:below:
No room for other No room for other thoughtsthoughts
Thinking about futureThinking about future Every thing should be Every thing should be
handyhandy Ignoring unavoidable Ignoring unavoidable
noisesnoises
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Understanding Construct a word Construct a word
diagram or concept mapdiagram or concept map. . The various steps for The various steps for
this process are as this process are as under:under:
The concerned passage The concerned passage should be should be read read thoroughlythoroughly and its and its meaning be understood meaning be understood as much as possible.as much as possible.
Find out the Find out the central ideacentral idea and other points should and other points should be linked to this.be linked to this.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Understanding
The passage should be read again to find out other key ideas. These should be listed on a separate sheet of paper.
The key words should now be written on the paper carrying the most important or main idea, so as to show their relationship with each other and also with the main idea.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Understanding
Lines should be drawn among them and these lines should be labeled with words indicating the relationship.
The diagram should now be reviewed to find out if some other information is required to be added, or if some other arrangement would be better.
More passages can be summarized in this manner.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Methods of remembering
The text should be read several times so as to be understood fully.
If it is lengthy, break up in to convenient pieces.
When it is felt that the gist of the text can now be recalled easily, it should be written in one’s own words and compared with the original to check if it has been accurately reproduced.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Methods of remembering
A convenient method of remembering things is to associate them with a word or phrase which could be easily remembered.
VIBGYOR. Here V stands for violet, I for indigo, B blue, G for green, Y for yellow, O for orange and R for Red.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
4-Listening and Notes Taking
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Listening
Listening is distinctly different from hearing.
Listening is a conscious act. One must be fully attentive to it. So in a classroom, one is not just
hearing but listening to the teacher or the lecturer
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Notes Taking
Notes taking is a skill and needs to be developed for success in one’s studies.
Some techniques of taking accurate and meaningful notes at a reasonably fast speed are described here.
The techniques are:
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Revision-Importance
It’s a bridge between what you have studied, learnt and remembered and what you are going to attempt.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Method of Revision
While carrying out a revision of studies, it is advisable to While carrying out a revision of studies, it is advisable to observe the following:observe the following:
Consult the notesConsult the notes New material to be avoided: New material to be avoided: Recalling is more effective than just reading: Recalling is more effective than just reading: Revision sessions: Revision sessions: Major revision: Major revision:
The bulk of the revision should be completed about one week The bulk of the revision should be completed about one week ahead of the examination. Last minute rush with late ahead of the examination. Last minute rush with late night sittings often produce fatigue and confusion. night sittings often produce fatigue and confusion.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
6-Fighting Stress and Anxiety
How to deal it
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Anxiety and StressAnxietyAnxietyStressStress
Fighting stress and Fighting stress and anxietyanxiety
The goals must be The goals must be achievable achievable Divide the load- Divide the load- Prioritize-important Prioritize-important and urgent analysisand urgent analysis
Brief diversionBrief diversionRecreationRecreationExercisesExercises
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Our time wastersOur time wastersMajor time wastersMajor time wasters
ExternalExternal1.1. Unplanned visitorsUnplanned visitors2.2. Unorganized meetingsUnorganized meetings3.3. Excessive paper workExcessive paper work4.4. Poor communicationPoor communication5.5. SocializingSocializing6.6. Incomplete informationIncomplete information7.7. MeetingsMeetings8.8. PaperworkPaperwork9.9. Poor communicationPoor communication
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Our time wastersOur time wastersMajor time wastersMajor time wasters
InternalInternal1.1. Lack of proper prioritiesLack of proper priorities2.2. Too little delegationToo little delegation3.3. Spreading yourself too thinSpreading yourself too thin4.4. Lacking Lacking "I can do it" attitude"I can do it" attitude5.5. Unclear planningUnclear planning6.6. Attempting too muchAttempting too much7.7. Inability to say Inability to say ‘‘nono’’8.8. Inadequate planningInadequate planning9.9. Lack of self-disciplineLack of self-discipline10.Leaving tasks unfinished10.Leaving tasks unfinished
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
At the time of Examination
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
7.1 Getting seated
Arrive earlier to see the seating arrangement.
If optional, choose according to your preference.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
7.1 Getting seated
Instructions must be listened to attentively and abided by fully.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Before starting answering the questions
Reading the instructions: Choosing the questions
to be attempted: Allocating time for each
question:
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Answering the questions
The First Question to The First Question to be answeredbe answered
Planning the answerPlanning the answer Writing the answer Writing the answer Reviewing the answer Reviewing the answer Number of Number of
questions/sections to questions/sections to be attemptedbe attempted
Use last two pages for Use last two pages for planning the paper planning the paper
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
EXAMINATION TREND CHART AND PLANNER
EXAM TREND:___________________ SUBJECT: E-14 Advanced Auditing
Y – I Y – II Y – III Y – IV Y – V SUPPLEMENTARY BOOK
S. NO.
T O P I C S
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
TOTAL MARS
%
BASE BOOK
I II
NOTES CARDS REF.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
EXAMINATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME
MODULE E DATE D A Y FROM TO FROM TO FROM TO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
MENTION TIME RANGE IN COLUMN (FORM __________ TO ___________)
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
EXAMINATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME
ACCOUNTING – SOAPRATE
E N T R I E S SEQUENCE OF ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES RELATED ACCOUNTING TRANSACTIONS DEBIT CREDIT
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Here is a list of our activities. You have to show whether you agree or
disagree with each activity.Say –Yes/No
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
AREAS / ACTIVITIES
Studying Studying ■■
Attending classesAttending classesNotes makingNotes making
TV TV ■■
FunctionsFunctionsEmails Emails ■■Study Methods and Examination
Techniques by Basheer Juma
AREAS / ACTIVITIES
ShoppingShoppingHouse keepingHouse keepingHospitalityHospitality
Laundry Laundry Planning Planning Reading.Reading.Study Methods and Examination
Techniques by Basheer Juma
AREAS / ACTIVITIES
Trouble shootingTrouble shootingTelephone and mobile Telephone and mobile
Writing Writing Sleeping Sleeping Study Methods and Examination
Techniques by Basheer Juma
AREAS / ACTIVITIES
Text messagesText messagesTelephone and Telephone and mobiles mobiles ■■
Internet Internet ■■
Unending Unending searches searches
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
How time passes
This chart shows what you might be doing with your time in a life of average length.
Tying one’s shoes 8 days Waiting for traffic lights to change 1 month Time spent at the barber shop 1 month Dialing the telephone 1 month Riding elevators (in big cities) 3 months Brushing one teeth 3 months
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
How time passes
Waiting for the bus (in cities) 5 months Time spent in the shower or
bathroom 6 months Reading books ■ 2 years Eating ■ 4 years Earning a living 9 years Watching television ■ 10 years Sleeping 20 years
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Your activities in 168 hours
Hours per activity in a 7 day week Sleep 56 hours Meals 14 hours Chores 5 hours Exercise 5 hours Transportation 5 hours Work 15 hours Family 5 hours Classes 15 hours Studying 30 hours Total 150 hours
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
What’s problem with this person.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Know yourself
Document yourself
Prepare position
Plus/ Minus points
Know symptoms and Habits
Identify areas of time
management and major time
wasters
Problems within
Problems around
Determine Life Objectives and Set Goals and
Values
Eliminate time wasters avoid Procrastination
Improve / develop habits
Improve Skills and
Develop Leadership
Say NO to Unimportant
Regular self Assessment
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
Planning
and Listing
Prioritizing
Scheduling/
Know prime time
Targeting
Do the right job
Do the job right
Team Building
Delegating
Accountability and matching
Reviewing
Rewarding
Re-Thinking
ACTIONSACTIONS
L
I
F
E
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E
S
GOAL 1Personal
GOAL 2Career /
Economic
GOAL 3Family
GOAL 4Social
CHANGINGCHANGING
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Why our efforts do not bring results. We have to identify reasons.
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma
Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma