NELSON MANDELA: “THE END OF APARTHEID”

NELSON MANDELA

BIRTH DATE AND PLACE AND FAMILY

Click icon to add picture

NELSON ROLIHLAHLA MANDELA WAS BORN IN TRANSKEI, SOUTH AFRICA ON JULY 18, 1918. HIS

FATHER WAS HENDRY MPHAKANYISWA OF THE TEMBU

TRIBE

INTRODUCTION:

• NELSON ROHLILAL MANDELA WAS REVOLUTIONARY SOUTH AFRICAN LEADER WHO WAS AGAINST APARTHEID

• HE WAS THE PRESIDENT OF SOUTH AFRICA FROM 1994 TO 1999

• HE WAS THE FIRST BLACK SOUTH AFRICAN TO HOLD OFFICE, AND FIRST TO BE ELECTED IN A FULLY REPRESENTATIVE, MULTIRACIAL ELECTION

• HIS GOVERNMENT FOCUSED ON ENDING THE RUTHLESS LEGACY OF APARTHEID

• HE WAS PRESIDENT OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS FROM 1991 TO 19997 AND WAS THESECRETARY GENERAL OOF NON-ALLIGNED MOVEMENT FROM1998 TO 1999

EDUCATION

MANDELA WAS EDUCATED AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF FORT HARE AND THE UNIVERSITY OF WITWATERSRAND WHERE HE STUDIED LAW

JOINING OF ANC

HE JOINED THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS IN 1944 AND WAS ENGAGED IN RESISTANCE AGAINST

THE RULING NATIONAL PARTY'S APARTHEID POLICIES AFTER 1948. HE WENT ON TRIAL FOR TREASON IN

1956-1961 AND WAS ACQUITTED IN 1961.

BANNING OF ANC

IN 1960, NELSON MANDELA ARGUED FOR THE SETTING UP OF A MILITARY WING WITHIN THE ANC. IN JUNE

1961, THE ANC EXECUTIVE CONSIDERED HIS PROPOSAL ON THE USE OF VIOLENT TACTICS AND AGREED THAT THOSE MEMBERS WHO WISHED TO INVOLVE THEMSELVES IN MANDELA'S CAMPAIGN

WOULD NOT BE STOPPED FROM DOING SO BY THE ANC.

FORMATION OF UMKHONTO WE SIZWE

UMKHONTO WE SIZWE (ABBREVIATED AS MK, TRANSLATED AS "SPEAR OF THE NATION") WAS THE

ARMED WING OF THE ANC CO-FOUNDED BY NELSON MANDELA, WHICH FOUGHT AGAINST THE SOUTH AFRICAN GOVERNMENT.

MK LAUNCHED ITS FIRST GUERRILLA ATTACKS AGAINST GOVERNMENT INSTALLATIONS ON 16 DECEMBER 1961. IT WAS SUBSEQUENTLY CLASSIFIED AS A TERRORIST ORGANISATION BY THE SOUTH AFRICAN GOVERNMENT AND THE UNITED STATES,

AND BANNED.

HIS ARREST IN 1962MANDELA WAS ARRESTED IN 1962 AND SENTENCED TO FIVE YEARS' IMPRISONMENT WITH HARD LABOUR. IN 1963, WHEN MANY FELLOW LEADERS OF THE ANC AND THE UMKHONTO WE SIZWE WERE ARRESTED,

MANDELA WAS BROUGHT TO STAND TRIAL WITH THEM FOR PLOTTING TO OVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENT BY VIOLENCE. HIS STATEMENT FROM THE DOCK RECEIVED

CONSIDERABLE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICITY

HIS ARREST IN 1964

ON JUNE 12, 1964, EIGHT OF THE ACCUSED, INCLUDING MANDELA, WERE SENTENCED TO LIFE IMPRISONMENT.

FROM 1964 TO 1982, HE WAS INCARCERATED AT ROBBEN ISLAND PRISON, OFF CAPE TOWN; THEREAFTER, HE WAS

AT POLLSMOOR PRISON, NEARBY ON THE MAINLAND.

HIS RELEASED IN 1990

NELSON MANDELA WAS RELEASED ON FEBRUARY 11, 1990. AFTER HIS RELEASE, HE PLUNGED HIMSELF

WHOLEHEARTEDLY INTO HIS LIFE'S WORK, STRIVING TO ATTAIN THE GOALS HE AND OTHERS HAD SET OUT ALMOST FOUR DECADES EARLIER AND THAT WAS TOO

END APARTHEID AND DISCRIMINATION

AT THE CONFERENCE OF ANC

IN 1991, AT THE FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE ANC HELD INSIDE SOUTH AFRICA AFTER THE

ORGANIZATION HAD BEEN BANNED IN 1960, MANDELA WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT OF THE ANC WHILE HIS

LIFELONG FRIEND AND COLLEAGUE, OLIVER TAMBO, BECAME THE ORGANISATION'S NATIONAL

CHAIRPERSON.

YEAR 1993HE WAS AWARDED THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE

TOGETHER WITH FW DE KLERK, THEN PRESIDENT OF SOUTH AFRICA, IN 1993. THE FOLLOWING YEAR SOUTH AFRICA HELD ITS FIRST MULTI-RACIAL ELECTION AND MANDELA WAS ELECTED ITS FIRST BLACK PRESIDENT

THE END OF TERM IN OFFICE:

IN 1997 HE STEPPED DOWN AS ANC LEADER AND IN 1999 HIS PRESIDENCY OF SOUTH AFRICA CAME TO AN END.

IN 2004, MANDELA ANNOUNCED HIS RETIREMENT FROM PUBLIC LIFE, ALTHOUGH HIS CHARITABLE WORK

CONTINUED. ON 29 AUGUST 2007, A PERMANENT STATUE TO HIM WAS UNVEILED IN PARLIAMENT SQUARE, LONDON.

THE END THANK YOU…