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Learning Objectives2

Define power Describe the five bases of power Examine dependency in power relationships Learn the importance of political

perspective Discuss political behavior in organizations Review impression management techniques Defensive Behavior

Definition of Power3

Power refers to a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B

does something he or she would not do otherwise

Bases of Power5

Formal Power Personal Power

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The FormalThe FormalSourcesSourcesof Powerof Power

for Leadersfor Leaders

Coercive

Reward

Legitimate

Information

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Expert Power

Referent Power

Charismatic Power

The Personal Sources of Power

For Leaders

Power Tactics9

Rational persuasion Inspirational appeals Consultation Exchange Personal appeal Pressure Coalition (Partnership )

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Politics:Politics:Power in ActionPower in Action

Importance Importance

of a Politicalof a Political

PerspectivePerspective

Definition ofDefinition of

PoliticalPolitical

PowerPower

Political Behavior11

Political Behavior in organizations as those activities that are not required as part of one’s formal role in the organization, but influence, or attempt to influence , the

distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization

Factors Contributing to Factors Contributing to Political BehaviorPolitical Behavior

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• High self-monitors.• Internal Locus of control.• High Match personality.• Organizational investment.• Perceived job Alternatives.• Expectations of success.

Individual Factors

Factors Contributing to Political Factors Contributing to Political BehaviorBehavior13

• Reallocation of resource.• Promotion opportunities.• Low trust.• Role ambiguity.• Unclear Performance evaluation

system.• Zero-sum reward practices.• Democratic decision making.• High performance pressure.

Organizational Factors

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The process by which individuals attempt to control the impression

others form of them.

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ImpressionImpressionManagementManagementTechniquesTechniques

Association Association Excuses Excuses

FavorsFavors ApologiesApologies

FlatteryFlatterySelf-Self-

promotion promotion

ConformityConformity

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How do People respond to Organizational

Politics?

Employee responses to Organizational Politics

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Perceptions ofOrganizational

Politics

Decreased JobSatisfaction

ReducedPerformance

IncreasedTurnover

Increased AnxietyAnd Stress

Defensive Behavior

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Avoiding Behavior Buck passing Stretching

Avoiding Blame Playing safe Scapegoating

Avoiding Change Prevention Self protection

Avoiding Behavior Buck passing Stretching

Avoiding Blame Playing safe Scapegoating

Avoiding Change Prevention Self protection