1. Postmodernism is a late-20th-century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism that was a departure from modernism, which is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale & far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many modernists rejected religious belief. Modernism, in general, includes the activities and creations of those who felt the traditional forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, philosophy, social organization, & activities of daily life were becoming outdated in the new economic, social, & political environment of an emerging fully industrialized world.

2. The term postmodernism has been applied to a host of movements, many in art, music, and literature, that reacted against tendencies in modernism, and are typically marked by revival of historical elements and techniques. Postmodernism is "post" because it is denies the existence of any ultimate principles, and it lacks the optimism of there being a scientific, philosophical, or religious truth which will explain everything for everybody - a characteristic of the so-called "modern" mind. 3. In essence, it stems from a recognition that reality is not simply mirrored in human understanding of it, but rather, is constructed as the mind tries to understand its own particular and personal reality. For this reason, postmodernism is highly skeptical of explanations which claim to be valid for all groups, cultures, traditions, or races, and instead focuses on the relative truths of each person. In the postmodern understanding, interpretation is everything; reality only comes into being through our interpretations of what the world means to us individually. 4. Postmodernist film attempts to articulate postmodernism (its ideas and themes and methods) through the medium of film. Postmodernist film attempts to subvert the mainstream conventions of narrative structure, characterization and destroys (or, at least, toys with) the audience's suspension of disbelief. Typically, such films also break down the cultural divide between high and low art and often upend typical portrayals of gender, race, class, genre, and time with the goal of creating something different from traditional narrative expression. 5. Pulp Fiction (1994) Men In Black (1997) 6. Recreate something in order to improve it April Fool's Day (1986) April Fool's Day (2008) Friday the 13th (2009) Friday the 13th (1980) 7. Something that appears unreal or not possible Gozu (2003) A Zed & Two Noughts (1985) 8. Containing a reflection or image of itself; self-referential. Films that are self- aware, break the fourth wall, or are centred on the creation of themselves. TV series Supernatural is a TV series about Winchester brothers who, at an early age, lose their mother in a mysterious house fire and are raised by their father to hunt demons and evil creatures. The show is known to constantly break the fourth wall. In season 2 episode 18 (Hollywood Babylon), the brothers investigate a case of ghosts in the set of Hollywood. While they are taking the tour, they are told the next stop will be the set of the Gilmore Girls which aired between 2000 and 2007 and starred Jared Padalecki who is playing one of the Winchester Brothers. The wall was broken by Sam (Jared) rushing off in a manner that appeared he did not want his older brother Dean (Jensen Ackles) knowing he starred in a TV series after running away from home. This is a blur between reality and fiction. 9. In season 4 episode 18 brothers stumble upon a series of books which are based around their life. It describes the tiniest details of all their cases. Brothers, while distressed, find the author Chuck Shurley and find out he is a prophet, who has visions about them and decided to put it in the books. Then Winchesters find out that the books have a serious and sometimes disturbing fanbase online. S5E9 (The Real Ghostbusters) is a follow-up to the previously discussed episode. The Winchester brothers are invited to a fan convention in a hotel. They also encounter people cosplaying them (dressed as them) or other characters of the books and taking part in hunting a supposed ghost. 10. However the most interesting self reflexive episode was The French Mistake (S6E15) in which Sam & Dean were transported to a parallel universe by an angel, who made them protect an angelic lock. The universe they landed in was our world. This was one of their most successful self reflexive episodes, because it was quite funny, especially since both actors had to pretend they couldnt act and Sam discovered that Jared Padalecki married Genovieve, who used to play a demon Ruby on the show who ultimately made them spring Lucifer free out of his case. Ruby was killed by the brothers. 11. One media text referring to another Star Wars (1983) Family Guy (2011) 12. Mocking something in an original way Hot Shots! (1991) The movies Hot Shots! and Naked Gun are classic examples of parody films. What makes them most interesting is the fact they parody a large number of movies and also mock people of the time. Naked Gun (1988) The Naked Gun spoofs Telefon (1975) A huge joke is made out of the Queen and also Margaret Thatcher Mainly a parody of Top Gun (1986), however it even has aspects from Star Wars and Terminator. 13. Margaret Thatcher The Queen 14. The trailer Star Wars reference 15. An artistic work in a style that imitates that of another work, artist, or period. This is a self-conscious imitation. Star Wars (1977) is considered to be a pastiche of traditional science fiction television series or radio shows. One of the possibilities is Star Trek (1966 1969) TV series. 16. Mixing up and using different genres and styles Night At The Museum 2 (2009) is an example, as it brings together characters from a range of different films and stories and places them all under one roof as the basis for its comedy. 17. Imitation from a respectful standpoint Fanboys (2009) is a homage to Star Wars (1977).