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3.1. Extraction of metals
• Metallurgy A branch of science dealing with the methods
of extraction of metals from their ores and the preparation of alloys
Ores of Titanium1. Rutile2. Ilmenite
Important questions
3.1. Extraction of metalsPart A1. Name two ores of titanium and tungsten2. Which metal is used in air crafts?3. Which metallic oxide is used as pigment?Part B1. Explain the extraction of Titanium and tungsten from
its ore.
3.2. Powder Metallurgy
• Art of manufacturing fine metal powders and fabricating them into desired shape with little or no melting.
Features• Supports mass production of high-precision products using
metal moulds in short periods of time.• Since it enables near-net shaping, it generates less waste than
ingot and other casting.• Products can be produced with different features since various
kinds of powders can be blended.• A further advantage of powder metallurgy is that it enables
production of items containing oil, such as oil-retaining bearings
Advantages of PM
• Cost savings up to 50% in comparison to other techniques! Economics! Economics! Economics!
• Unique properties through tailored designed compositions. Controlled porosity for special applications.
• Green Technology: Energy and Material efficient• Simple to complex shapes with many design features• Production capacity of millions of parts per week!• ONLY technique of choice for high temperature materials• Near net shape technology with high quality and precision
Applications of powder metallurgy
Benefits of Powder Metallurgy
Excellent Surface Finishes Ability to use the benefits of
Controlled Porosity Excellent Tolerance
Control abilities Low to High Volume Capable
Process Very Cost-Effective Processing Inexpensive Materials
Material Information Automotive Parts
Electric Contacts
Soft Magnetic CoresCams, Sprockets & Wear Gears
Heavy Duty BearingsInstrument Components
Armatures, Rotors, Stator Cores & Relays
PM uses
• Supports mass production of high-precision products using metal moulds in short periods of time.
• Since it enables near-net shaping, it generates less waste than ingot and other casting.
• Products can be produced with different features since various kinds of powders can be blended.
• A further advantage of powder metallurgy is that it enables production of items containing oil, such as oil-retaining bearings.
3.2. Powder metallurgy
Part A1. What is meant by powder metallurgy?2. What is meant by atomization?Part B3. What are the various methods of metal
powder production? Explain.4. What are the applications of powder
metallurgy in industries?
3.3. Alloys
• A metallic solution• Homogeneous mixture of two or more metals
TypesFerrous and non ferrous alloy
3.3. Alloys
Part A1. What are alloys? How are they classified?2. Give any two purpose of alloying3. What is german silver?4. What is the composition of duralumin?Part B5. What are the purpose of alloying?
3.4. Abrasives
Part A1. Define Abrasive2. How are abrasives classified?3. What are the different types of emery?4. What is garnet? Give its uses.5. Write the two types of synthetic abrasives.Part B1. Write the composition and uses of artificial and
synthetic abrasives.