Plastic Pollution Presentation By AnkitMishra

EEES Presentation │Topic- Plastic Pollution & Management│ CS-1 | Ankit Mishra | Arun Choudhary

Plastic Pollution & Management

Topics To Be Covered• Introduction• Composition & Synthesis

• Types of Plastic & Their Uses• Disadvantages

• Statistics

• Impact on Environment

• Plastic Waste Management

• Measures To Be Taken

• Conclusion

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Plastics are a range of synthetic or semi-synthetic polymerization products that can be molded into a permanent object having the property of plasticity.

About 100 million tones of plastic is produced each year.

The word plastic is derived from the Greek (plastikos) meaning capable of being shaped or molded.

Introduction


Properties of Plastics

Resistant Durable Insulator Inexpensive Easy to produce




SYNTHESIS Oxygen,200 °C Ethene Polythene (LDPE)(CH2=CH2) 2000 atm ([-CH2-CH2-]n)

Most plastics contain organic polymers. The vast majority of these polymers are based on chains of carbon atoms alone or with oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen as well.

Composition

Most plastics contain Additives (0 to 50%). The average content of additives is 20% by weight of the polymer.

Fillers are used to improve performance and to reduce costs.

Stabilizers like fire retardants are used to lower the flammability of the material.

Composition





Composition

Plastics that are made up of polymers having only aliphatic (linear) C atoms in their backbone chains. Ex -polypropylene polypropylene

Plastics that are made up of heterochain polymers contain O, N, S in their backbone chains, in addition to C. Ex - polycarbonate

polycarbonate

Plastic behaviour of polymers is influenced by their morphology (arrangement of molecules ). They’re either amorphous or crystalline. Most thermosets are amorphous,

while thermoplastics may be amorphous or semi crystalline. EEES Presentation │Topic- Plastic Pollution & Management│ CS-1 | Ankit Mishra | Arun Choudhary




Classification

80% of the plastics produced are thermoplastics and of these Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polystyrene and Polyvinylchoride (PVC) are most commonly used

(70%)EEES Presentation │Topic- Plastic Pollution & Management│ CS-1 | Ankit Mishra | Arun Choudhary

Thermoplastic

Thermosetting

• Plastics that do not undergo chemical change in their

composition when heated and can be molded again and again.

• Thermosets are permanently "set" once they're initially formed and

can't be melted.




Reaction On Heating


Thermoplastic Thermoset





Type Expansion Uses

HDPE

PVC

LDPE

PP

PS

Poly Ethylene Pterephthalat

High-density polyethylene

Polyvinyl chloride

Low-density polyethylene

Polypropylene -P

Polystyrene

Fizzy drink bottles and oven-ready meal trays

Bottles for milk and washing-up liquids.

Food trays, bottles for squash, mineral water and shampoo.

Carrier bags and bin liners.

Microwaveable meal trays, margarine tubs

Pots, trays, boxes ,cartons, cups, plastic cutlery, packaging , toys

PEPT

Classification




PLASTIC BAGS COATINGS FURNITURE SHEETS FITTINGS TANKS TOYS BUCKETS SANITARYWARE STATIONERY

Types of Plastic products





POLLUTANTS FROM PLASTIC

Plastics Release Pollutants:• Poly brominated di-phenyl ethers (PBDE)• Nonylphenolls• Bisphenol A• Phthalates

Plastics Absorb Hydrophobic Pollutants:• Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)• Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloro ethane (DDT)• Dichloro Diphenyl Dichloro ethylene (DDE)

PVC when burned result in emissions of the deadly poisons named dioxin.Dioxins are highly persistent compounds, with the potential to become increasingly

concentrated in living tissues as they move up the food chain. It is often considered to be the man-made compound most toxic to animals.





Why is there ‘so much’ Plastic Pollution??

We currently recover only 5% of the plastics we produce.

Pollution exists today due to the society's lack of environmental awareness & the ease of simply littering plastics.

Who is Affected?

The species that is most affected is the marine, aquatic population.

To a sea turtle, a floating plastic bag looks like a jellyfish.

When they eat these plastics, it clogs their intestines, and they miss out on vital nutrients, and ultimately starve to death.

Other types of loose plastics entangle birds, fish and mammals, making it difficult, if not impossible to move or eat, which too leads to their ultimate demise.





Who is Affected?

0.05% of plastic pieces from surface waters are pellets

They comprise about 70% of the plastic eaten by seabirds.

These plastic particles have been found in the stomachs of 63 of the world's approximately 250 species of seabirds.

Birds and other marine animals gets trapped in plastic shopping bags, which suffocate them to death.

Plastic bags and other plastic garbage thrown into the ocean kill as many as 1 million sea creatures every year.





Plastics Consumption Worldwide

Plastic Statistics

Plastics > Statistics


Each year, an estimated 500 billion to 1 trillion plastic bags are consumed worldwide. That's over 1 million plastic bags used per minute.

Scientists estimate that every square mile of oceancontains about 46,000 pieces of floating plastic.

Plastic bags can take up to 1,000 years to break down.

At least 267 different species are known to have suffered from entanglement or ingestion of plastic marine debris.

Only 14% of plastic water bottles are recycled.

Packaging now accounts for 1/3 of all household waste.




World plastic Production


The per capita consumption of plastic in the country is 10.2 kg in 2012.

It is expected to go up to 12 kg by 2014.

By 2012, India is also projected to be the third largest consumer market for plastic goods with a consumption of 12.5 million tonnes per annum, behind US

and China.EEES Presentation │Topic- Plastic Pollution & Management│ CS-1 | Ankit Mishra | Arun Choudhary




Agriculture7%

Transport8%

Furniture/Houseware8%

Electrical and Electronics8%

Building and Construction23%

Packaging35%

Footwear1%

Medical2%

Mechanical Engineering2%

Toys/Sports3%

Other3%

Percentage of Plastic used in different fields






Total number of plastic bags used worldwide annually 1 trillion

Total number of plastic bags China consumes everyday 3 billion

Total number of plastic bags used every minute 1 million

Total number of years it takes for a plastic bag to degrade 1,000 years

Total amount of plastic bags that were discarded in 2008 3.5 million tons

Total amount of plastic floating in every square mile of ocean 46,000 pieces

Average plastic bags consumed per family in 4 trips to the grocery store 60

Percent of plastic made every year that will end up in the ocean 10%

Percent of household waste that is plastic 11%

Plastic Bag Statistics






Is It Really Harmful??

When we eat or drink things stored in plastic, plastic is incorporated into us.

Plastic is one of the few chemical materials which pose environmental problem.

Plastic is biologically quite inert, hence regarded to be more an aesthetic nuisance than a hazard.

Plastic is cheap, it gets discarded easily, and, its persistence in the environment can do great harm.

It causes immune and enzyme disorders, hormonal disruption leading to endocrinal disorders and even infertility and is also considered as carcinogenic (cancer).

Not only human health, it dangerously effects other animal life and alters the environmental (air, water and soil) sustainability causing hazardous pollution.


Yes, it is..




How does plastic waste impact oceans?

Plastic is accumulating at an alarming rate in our oceans - wreaking havoc on wildlife, polluting our beaches and entering our food chain.

Our addiction to use-and-toss items is causing this growing problem.

Plastic bags pose a serious danger to birds and marine animals that often mistake them for food.

Thousands of marine animals and more than 1 million birds die each year as a result of plastic pollution.





What Is Great Pacific Garbage Patch?

• An island of plastic 6 times the size of Vietnam in Central North Pacific Ocean.

• Over 300,000 pieces of plastic/sq. mile.

• Plastic outnumbers plankton 6 to 1.

• 80% of plastic from land-based sources, 20% from ships.

Estimates of size range from 700,000 square km to more than 15,000,000 square km (0.41% to 8.1% of the size of the Pacific Ocean).





Impact on Environment

Plastic is ubiquitous in our lives because it is convenient and relatively inexpensive.

Its convenience comes from being lightweight and its ability to absorb impact shock without breaking.

Plastics are so versatile in use that their impacts on environment are extremely wide ranging, posing serious challenge for disposal.Careless disposal of plastic bags chokes drains, blocks the porosity of the soil,

and causes problems for groundwater recharge. Due to its non-biodegradable nature, littering of plastics causes irreversible damage to the environment.





Disadvantages of Plastic Bottles

Plastic bags, once ingested, cannot be digested or passed by an animal so it stays in the gut. Plastic in an animal’s gut can prevent food digestion

and can lead to a very slow and painful death.EEES Presentation │Topic- Plastic Pollution & Management│ CS-1 | Ankit Mishra | Arun Choudhary

DISADVANTAGES

Hard to Decompo

seNon-

Renewable

Hard to Reuse

Difficult to

Recycle

Toxic

Threat to Animals




Disadvantages of Plastic Bottles

Difficult To Recycle Glass bottles can be melted and easily reused, as can tin cans.

Recycling plastic is not so simple.

Water bottles are often reused in the home but become less and less sturdy

over time and are ultimately thrown away.

Plastic is manufactured using oil by-products and natural gas, materials that could be used in numerous

other applications.





Disadvantages of Plastic Products

As many as 100,000 whales, turtles and birds have been reported to die every year, because of plastic in environment.

Plastic not only have adverse effects on our natural habitats, but have also been found to be responsible for the death of many animals, mainly on account of the suffocation encountered on eating them.





ALTERNATIVES

Plastic bags take between 15 to 1000 years to degrade.

The detoxins and other chemical pollutants released from them are a Serious threat to be tackled.

Paper , Cloth, Jute, Cane, etc., are the most preferable but still controversial.

Designing eco-friendly, biodegradable plastics is the need of the hour. Though partially biodegradable plastics have been developed and used, completely biodegradable plastics based on renewable starch rather than petrochemicals have only recently been developed and are in

the early stages of commercialization.EEES Presentation │Topic- Plastic Pollution & Management│ CS-1 | Ankit Mishra | Arun Choudhary




What We Can Do?

The amount of oil needed to produce a years worth of plastic packaging could fuel 480,000 cars for a year.


Say NO to plastic check-out bags whilst shopping and buy reusable bags or bring your own for your shopping instead.

Use Glass/Ceramic instead of plastic in Microwave.

When you can’t avoid plastic, check container bottoms for recycling codes (in triangle with chasing arrows). Choose those easily recycled.

Shop at the local farmer’s markets. Buy can instead of the plastic bottle .

Replace plastic travel mugs with stainless steel for hot beverages.




5R’s for Plastics!!

1. Reduce2. Reuse 3. Recycle4. Rebuy Waste Hierarchy


TREAT

RECOVER

RECYCLE

REUSE

REDUCE

AVOID

DISPOSE




OUR RESPONSIBILITY

It's impossible to eliminate most plastic from daily life, but it's prudent for our health & environment to curb the use of some.

Proper management for disposal and public awareness would bring a great difference in present situation.

Overall reduction in plastic usage.Hand over plastics properly for recycling or disposal.Do not let plastic litter the environment.

Act NOW …. SAVE EARTH

PLASTIC





Plastic Waste Management

Sorting


Industrial Waste

Commercial Waste

Agricultural Waste

Municipal Waste

Collection

>> Bags, Sheets

>> Miscelle-neous

>> Pipes,Tubes

>> Bottles

Extrusion

Injection Moulding

Blow Moulding

Film Moulding

Sorting

Cleaning




Plastic Waste Management

Disposing of plastic waste is trickier than dealing with traditional landfill material.

Not only plastic take thousands of years to break down, it can leach dangerous poison into the environment.

Plastic is not going away, but how plastic waste is managed is becoming more sophisticated.

Managing plastic waste starts at home with the consumer, but ultimately depends on governments around the world as well.





Future of Plastic

Biodegradable plastic seems to show some light, however, they too come with certain disadvantages. When degraded, these emit harmful Co2 and methane.

However, there is a recycled plastic curbstone, which acts as a substitute to building materials.

“oxo-biodegradable” plastics are eco- friendly as when degraded they emit no methane.

Many developing countries like India are banning plastic bags. Instead of banning them, the plastic bags should be utilized elsewhere.





What Can We Do To Save Our Environment?

The two best changes we can do are: Use less plastics To reuse plastics when possible.

Lead by exampleAsk your friends and family to join youSpeak to city councilWrite letters to government officialsGet your institute involved

By using ONE reusable cloth bag, we can save up to 6 plastic bags a week that translates into 24 bags a month or 288 bags a year that amounts to

22,176 bags in an average lifetime. EEES Presentation │Topic- Plastic Pollution & Management│ CS-1 | Ankit Mishra | Arun Choudhary




Conclusion

• Enormous quantities of plastic are produced and used.• It is convenient (use and throw away).• Although some plastics are recyclable, not enough is

recycled.• Plastic waste pose a serious threat to environment.• Laws, economical measures and education help.

Should we really put our own selfish needs before the needs of everything around us now and the lives of future generations? As a responsible citizen we

must take precautions while using plastic products, reduce the consumption, and encourage others to do the same. ||THANK YOU ||





Think…. Respond…. & Act NOW SAVE EARTH

CS-1|| EEES Presentation|| Plastic Waste & Management

Written & Designed By : ANKIT MISHRAGuided by : Dr. Sadhana Vishwakarma

GROUP MEMBERSAnkit MishraArun ChoudharyBhupendra DangiBhuvnendra Soni

Topic Plastic Waste & Management

Institute Technocrats Institute Of Technology (Main), Bhopal

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Plastic Pollution Presentation By AnkitMishra