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PLAN Primary Science is a set of resources produced to enable teachers to have a clearer understanding of National Curriculum expectations for meeting the standard. Annotated collections of children’s work provide examples of what working at the expected standard for primary science might look like for the knowledge and conceptual understanding statements of the programmes of study (POS).

It is not the intention of these resources to specifically exemplify the working scientifically statements.  However, aspects of working scientifically have been shown as an integral part of the teaching and learning of the knowledge and concepts.

The resources provided have been cross moderated multiple times before publishing so that they can be used with confidence by teachers and subject leaders.

Each collection of work shows one example of how a pupil has met National Curriculum statements for a particular area of content but these are not intended to be the definitive way of teaching these statements.

PLAN Primary Science - Supporting Assessment

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Key Learning Possible Evidence

Secure Show understanding of a concept by using scientific vocabulary correctly

Overview paragraph describing curriculum

Key vocabulary – list of words

Possible ways to demonstrate key learning, particularly correct usage of vocabulary

Apply knowledge in familiar related contexts

Suggestions of contexts to use. Possible ways to demonstrate that a pupil has gone beyond recall of facts and can apply the key learning, for example using the vocabulary and basic principles to produce explanations, usually within Working Scientifically contexts.

Each resource contains the relevant National Curriculum statements for the unit of work and prior learning, a planning matrix, annotated work and a summary sheet.  The matrix provides an interpretation of the key learning of the National Curriculum statements, and suggestions of key vocabulary.  In order to be meet the expectations pupils must firstly understand the key concept and then be provided with opportunities to apply that knowledge. This is a key planning tool.

Structure of the resources

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Please note: The NC statements for each topic area for the relevant year group are stated on the slide. Only the statements in bold on that slide have been exemplified. In these cases the teachers have chosen to split the statements within the topic area to teach at different times.

The prior NC statements relevant to the topic area are also stated and use to determine pupils knowledge at the start of the unit.

Each slide has been annotated with coloured text. Please see key below:

Red Commentary to explain how evidence meets/does not meet NC statements

Blue Commentary to highlight features of working scientifically

Green   Pupil Speak

Grey Other relevant information eg. vocabulary used

Contents of the materials

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Pupils should be taught to:

• describe how animals obtain their food from plants and other animals, using the idea of a simple food chain, and identify and name different sources of food

• describe the importance for humans of exercise, eating the right amounts of different types of food, and hygiene.

Year 2 Statements – Prior Learning

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Pupils should be taught to:

• identify that animals, including humans, need the right types and amount of nutrition, and that they cannot make their own food; they get nutrition from what they eat

Year 3 Statements – Prior Learning

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Pupils should be taught to:

• describe the simple functions of the basic parts of the digestive system in humans

• identify the different types of teeth in humans and their simple functions

Year 4 Statements

Assessment guidance

Key learning Possible evidence

Shows understanding of a concept using scientific vocabulary correctly

Food enters the body through the mouth. Digestion starts when the teeth start to break the food down. Saliva is added and the tongue rolls the food into a ball. The food is swallowed and passes down the oesophagus to the stomach. Here the food is broken down further by being churned around and other chemicals are added. The food passes into the small intestine. Here nutrients are removed from the food and leave the digestive system to be used elsewhere in the body. The rest of the food then passes into the large intestine. Here the water is removed for use elsewhere in the body. What is left is then stored in the rectum until it leaves the body through the anus when you go to the toilet. Humans have three types of teeth - Incisors for cutting, Canines for tearing, Molars for grinding (chewing) Key vocabularyDigestive system, digestion, mouth, teeth, saliva, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, nutrients, large intestine, rectum, anus, teeth, incisor, canine, molar, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore

Can sequence the main parts of the digestive system Can draw the main parts of the digestive system onto a human outline Can describe what happens in each part of the digestive system Can point to the three different types of teeth in their mouth and talk about their shape and what they are used for.

Applying knowledge in familiar related contexts, including a range of enquiries

Create a model of the digestive system using household objects Whilst eating different types of food, identify which teeth are being used for cutting, tearing and grinding (chewing)  Classify animals according to the type of teeth they have in their skulls

Can use the model to describe the journey of food through the body explaining what happens in each part.Can record the teeth in their mouth (make a dental record)Can explain how the teeth in animal skulls show they are carnivores, herbivores or omnivores.

Identifying the different types of teeth and their functions• identify the different types of teeth in humans and their simple functions

Children began by eating an apple and discussing which teeth they used and why. After learning about the functions of the different teeth through internet research and counting the number they had, they made videos in pairs, using the webcam, to explain what they had learnt.

The video shows Hadia can name the different teeth, identify where they are in the mouth, and explain their function. She has also made links to the different types of teeth animals have showing she can apply her knowledge.

“We use teeth to bite things and stop us from choking. These are our incisors (points to front teeth), now we use these to bite things and then these teeth are called the canines. These little sharp teeth (pointing) are used to tear food. Dogs, tigers and lions have them and they are bigger than ours because they are carnivores and eat meat and catch their prey. Our molars at the back of our mouth are used to chew our food so that we don’t choke when we swallow. Premolars are between our canines and molars. They are used to chew and crush food.”

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Investigating tooth decay

This is an enrichment activity carried out by the children that had demonstrated they were secure with the types and function of the teeth. It provides an additional opportunity for working scientifically.

Children received a letter from a toothpaste company asking them to investigate tooth decay and different toothpastes to give advice about the design of a new toothpaste.

The activity involved investigating what happened to teeth in acid. They used egg shell and vinegar.

• setting up simple practical enquiries, comparative and fair tests

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Investing tooth decay

• making systematic and careful observations and, where appropriate, taking accurate measurements using standard units, using a range of equipment, including thermometers and data loggers

Hadia has observed the changes in the egg shell and has begun to associate that with the acid.

This records what the pupil observed the following day.

When questioned by the teacher, Hadia is beginning to identify the different strengths of acid in container B and C. This becomes clearer in a follow up conversation with the teacher.

“This beaker is just vinegar so it is really strong acid. This one is vinegar and water so it is not as strong and that’s why it has changed colour and gone very soft. “

Investigating the effect of different drinks on teeth (contd.)

•reporting on findings from enquiries, including oral and written explanations, displays or presentations of results and conclusions

This shows that Hadia understands that it is acid that causes the egg shell to decay. This knowledge is beyond that expected at KS2.

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Investigating toothpaste• setting up simple practical enquiries, comparative and fair tests• making systematic and careful observations and, where appropriate, taking accurate measurements using standard units, using a range of equipment, including thermometers and data loggers

The children set up a number of tests to compare toothpastes. They discussed the colour and smell, tested how long it took to clean permanent pen off an enamel tile and how long it took to shake the toothpaste off the toothbrush.

This is an additional enrichment activity.

The group were able to use a stopwatch to measure time and create their own table to record their results. They were able to complete a number of comparative tests and orally compare each group’s results.

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Testing toothpaste• reporting on findings from enquiries, including oral and written explanations, displays or presentations of results and conclusions

This conclusion shows that Hadia is able to identify which tests are the most important to consider when choosing a toothpaste.

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Reporting on their findings.• using straightforward scientific evidence to answer questions or to support their findings.

This writing provides further evidence that Hadia is able to use data to answer questions and support her ideas.

This part shows that Hadia is aware of the need to brush her teeth in order to keep them healthy (reinforcement of a year 2 objective).

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This shows that Hadia has an understanding of the function of teeth from the earlier work but very limited knowledge of the digestive system.

Initial assessment activity – to elicit current understanding• To describe the functions of the basic parts of the digestive system in humans

The children were given a basic diagram of the digestive system and asked to annotate it to show what they knew about what happens to the food they eat.

Researching the digestive system

Through a jigsaw activity, children read information about different parts of the digestive system and shared their learning in their group. They then put their information together.

Hadia’s group is beginning to name the different organs and is developing an understanding of the function of some organs. This group has little understanding of the function of the intestines at present.

At this stage Hadia is not using appropriate scientific language, or showing sufficient understanding of the various functions. She needs more opportunities to become secure.

• describe the functions of the basic parts of the digestive system in humans.

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Making a model of the digestive system

The children made a model of the stages of the digestive system. They worked in groups following instructions from the teacher. At each stage the vocabulary and function was rehearsed.

“The plastic bag is like our stomach and we added vinegar. It is an acid and it helps break down the food. We squeezed the bag like our stomach muscles.”

“The tights had tiny holes to let out the nutrients from the food like our small intestines”.

“We were just left with the solid waste at the end”.

• describe the functions of the basic parts of the digestive system in humans.

Hadia’s comments show that she is able to link the parts of the model with the organs in the digestive system.

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Tracing the journey through the human body

This shows Hadia now has a more confident understanding of the functions and is using appropriate vocabulary. Next she needs an independent task to confirm her learning.

After they had made a model of the digestive system, the children completed a scaffold, which identified the functions of the different organs in the digestive system. This gave them the chance to rehearse the key vocabulary.

• describe the functions of the basic parts of the digestive system in humans.

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Making a poster to explain the digestive system.

The children were asked to make a poster explaining the functions of the digestive system. This was an independent task to assess what they had learnt.

• describe the simple functions of the basic parts of the digestive system in humans

This poster shows that Hadia is now able to name and describe the simple functions of the digestive system. She is using words like saliva and acid.

Hadia‘s poster goes beyond the national curriculum requirements and includes the function of the liver and the gallbladder.

SecureHadia can identify the different types of teeth talk about their functions and understands their importance in the digestive system and how to care for them. She can name and give the functions of the main parts of the digestive system.

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Overall Summary

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Slide 18, 20 21 worksheet and images from ?

Acknowledgements