Topic: Dhavni Theory and Alamkara

Name:- Goswami Gayatri M.MA-part- 1-sem-2

Roll no :-9Paper no.:7 Literary Theory and

CriticismYear:-2014

Submitted to:-Department of English

Smt. S. B. Gardimaharaja Krishnakumarsihji

Bhavnagar university

Introduction of the Dhvani Theory and Alamkara :

•In the Sanskrit poetics there were two major theories as per view of B.K.matilal, This was the chitrakavya .

•Bhamah was the founder of this school of rhetoricians .

•One is Alamkara by which the speech and meaning is embellished and the other was the external way to beautiful speech.

Dhvani

• The Grammarians used the term to refer to the sound ; and they spoke of two kinds ofsound.

• Prakrata Dhvani and vaikrta Dhvani.

•The actual sounds of the words spoken belongto vaikrta Dhvani .

•Prakrata refers to the pattern of the norm.

• Rasa theory in importance , the Dhvani theoryof Anandavardhana considers suggestion .

• “Dhvani” as the essence of poetry and ”“vyanjana” as the medium of literary creation and communication .

• its propagator Anandavardhana carried forward tradition elevating the level of discussion on the essence of the poetry

Dhavni Based on Force of The Word the Two Kinds :

A)A figure of speech(Almkara)

B) A bore matter of fact

•The credit for developing the idea of Dhvani into a full grown system of literary criticism necessarily goes to “Dhvanyalok” ,”lochana “ and kavyaprakasha in this order

•The Dhvani theory to quote Kane ,is only an extension of Rasa theory bring out the Rasa from the confines of drama alone.

1) it established that rasa, the acknowledged soul of poetry, is never directly expressed but always aesthetic outcome is all nothing but Dhvani.

2) it include an element of aesthetic consciousness into our literary appreciation and explained that it is the suggested sense that makes the poetic content meaningful and charming.

•Dhvani is suggested by the grammarian’s Doctrine of “sophota” wich means it bear.

• from the first verse of the Dhvnnayaloka it as quite clear that theory of Dhvani had a long course of development. This is also called Dhvani, But lastly the poetry where all these, the suggestive words and ideas, suggestion and suggested ideas are found is also called Dhvani.

According to Abhinav Gupta

• The word Dhavni can stand for five different meaning

The suggestive meaning

The suggestive

word

The function of suggestion

The suggested

content

Poetry as a whole

“Avivekshitavachy” “Avivekshitavachy”

The Two Main Division of Dhavni

• Avivekshitavachy expressed sense• Vivekshitvachy expressed illustrated by the following

Alamkara •In Indian , Alamkara or Alamkara means ornaments or ornaments

• in the context of Indian classical music ,the application of an Alamkara is essentially to embellish or enhance the inherent beauty of the genre

•The Realist's Reference to the term Alamkara has been found in Bharatas Natyashastra writer sometime between 200 before birth of Christ and 200 AD treatise on dermatology mention 33 type of Alamkara the shostras or ancient text have categorized Alamkara into two brode group

1)Varnalankar

2)shabdanulankar

Alamkara

Alamkara

Varnanu Alamkara

Shabdanu Alamkara

Varnalankar

•The former comprised the Varna based Alamkara of earlier time.

• four Varna based on Alamkara of earlier times.

1) Sthay : refer to halting of singal not 2) Arohi : Arohi to an upward movement 3) Avroh : to s Downward movement4) Sanchari: sanchari is a mixed upward and downward

moment

Shabdanulankar

• Shabdanulankar is comprised the aesthetic aspect.

• It is refer to sound production taqniqe .

• Utilized by either the human voice or on an instruments .

• This may farther vary from one gharana to another .

• Today Alamkara we specifically refer to embellishment to a sword or a not.

• Shabdanulankar seems to have changed.

• Besides the Raga ,the Tala ,and the Bandish which are the fixed portion in a performance ,the process of elaboration .

• Shabdalankar had a wide connotation