NORTHEAST SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE Twelve march 2015

Practice english: Vl

Engineer Oscar García

Group practice: 3

Students: Ortiz Alonzo Cristian Iván

The PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE indicates a continuous action that has been finished at some point in the past or that was initiated in the past and continues to happen. The action is usually of limited duration and has some current relevance:

"She has been running and her heart is still beating fast." The present perfect progressive frequently is used to describe an event of the recent past; it is often accompanied by just in this usage: "It has just been raining."This tense is formed with the modal "HAVE" or "HAS" (for third-person singular subjects) plus "BEEN," plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending): "I have been working in the garden all morning. George has been painting that house for as long as I can remember."Authority for this section: A University Grammar of English by Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum. Longman Group: Essex, England. 1993. Used with permission.

Generally, progressive forms occur only with what are called dynamic verbs and not with stative verbs. If you wish to review that concept now, click HERE

Presente Perfecto

Singular Plural

I have been walking we have been walking

you have been walking you have been walking

he/she/it has been walking they have been walking

Singular Plural

I have been sleeping we have been sleeping

you have been sleeping you have been sleeping

he/she/it has been sleeping they have been sleeping

Example

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tenses/present_perfect_progressive.htm

The Future Perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and use. The Future Perfect talks about the "past in the future".In this lesson we look at the structure and use of the Future Perfect tense, followed by a quiz to check your understanding

The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will have been completed at some point in the future. It is often used with a time expression which identifies that point in the future.

Future tense

By the time you arrive, we will have finished the meal and the speeches.

(Note: "By the time you arrive" identifies the point in the future.)

I will have read every magazine in the waiting room before I see the dentist.

(Note: The clause "before I see the dentist" identifies the point in the future.)

Of course, you can also have the negative version, which is formed "will not have" + "[past particple]":

By the time you arrive, we will not have finished the meal and the speeches.

I will not have read every magazine in the waiting room before I see the dentist.

Example

http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/future_perfect_tense.htm

Introduction to the passive

Example

subject auxiliary verb be

main verbpast participle

by  

I am employed by Apple.

You will be woken   at 6.

It will have been finished   by then.

We have been notified by Head Office.

You are being transferred   next week.

They will be paid.    

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-voice-passive.htm

Presente simple passive

Affirmative Formé

Object + am / is / are + verb3 (past participle)

Question FormAm / Is / Are + Object + verb3 (past participle) ?

Something is done by someone regularly / everyday / as expected...

Active : The gardener waters the flowers overo evening.Passive: The flowers are watered by the gardener every evening.

Active : Helen doesn't drink anything in parties.

Passive: Nothing is drunk by Helen in parties.

Active : Who selle umbrellas?Passive: Who are umbrellas sold by?

Active : My mother doesn't paint the walls.Passive: The walls aren't painted by my mother.

ExampleAffirmative with was/were + the past participle:This song was originally written by Paul Simon.It was recorded in 1971 in a studio in Manhattan.These chickens raised by my uncle Henry.These shoes were made in Mallorca.

Pedro was born in Toledo.Negatives with wasn’t or weren’t + the past participle:This wine wasn’t made in Navarra, it was in La Mancha.This salmon wasn’t caught in a river, it was raised on a fish farm.These shoes weren’t made in Spain, they were made in India.Questions with was/were before the object:When was this song written?Who was it recorded by?Where were these shoes made?Where were these grapes grown?

http://madridingles.es/post/3957802899/12-ejemplos-del-pasado-simple-pasivo

Past perfect terse The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past. It does not matter which event is mentioned first - the tense makes it clear which one happened first.

Yet, already

Utilizamos los adverbios "already", "just", "still" y "yet" más a menudo en el presente perfecto, aunque podemos usarlos en otros tiempos verbales. Estos adverbios se utilizan en referencia a tiempo y su posición dentro de la oración depende de cuál de ellos estemos utilizando.

http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/already-just-still-yet.php

Example

•They have already finished their homework. (Ya han acabado sus deberes.)•Jacob has already left work. Jacob has already left work. (Jacob ya se ha ido del trabajo.)•The train has already arrived. The train has already arrived. (El tren ya ha llegado.)

•just ate, but I'm already hungry again. (Acabo de comer pero ya tengo hambre de nuevo.)•Where's Jacob? He's just left. Where's Jacob? He's just left. (¿Donde está Jacob? Acaba de irse.)•Beth has just moved to New York. Beth has just moved to New York. (Beth acaba de trasladarse a Nueva York.)

http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/already-just-still-yet.php

Quantifer

a). How much/ How many /to much

Use of much / manyIn everyday English, we normilla use much / many only in cuestionas and negative clauses.

How much money have you got?Carla does not have many friends.

In positive clauses with so, as or too, we also use much / many.: Carla has many friends.

She has many friends as Sue.Kevin has much money.

Uncountable nouns son los sustantivos que no puedes contar como: material, información, conceptos, etc.  Se les considera como sustantivos en “masa”. Por ejemplo:time (tiempo), sugar (azúcar), sand (arena), water (agua), oxigen (oxígeno), music (música), wine (vino), chees (queso),  chocolate, wood (madera), etc.How much y How many únicamente se utilizan en la forma interrogativa, y las reglas son:1.- How many…? lo empleas para preguntar acerca de sustantivos contables.•How many cups of coffee do you drink a day? (¿Cuántas tazas de café tomas al día?)•How many pants did you buy in the last sale? (¿Cuántos pantalones compraste en la última venta especial?)

Ejemplos del uso de much:1.I have eated much sugar along my life.2.Much people walked daily in Madison Square.3.There are much factories in the world.4.I wish to make much money in my life.5.My tears for you are as much as drops in the sea.6.How much cost a lot of diamonds?7.Thanks for the meat. How much is it?8.Sometimes I spent much time daydreaming.9.If you knew how much I wish stay here.10.He never drinks much coffee.

ExamplesEjemplos el uso de many.1.How many kids came at class?2.How many times have knocked the door?3.Many of my friends are lawyers.4.Many boxes were broken.5.Many examples are questions.6.I play basketball many times a week.7.I have done many marks in your document.8.How many employers have your enterprise?9.My keyboard has many key that I don’t use.10.We go to school many days a week

Ejemplos de uso de A lot of:1.Oh, God! There were a lot of people in the office.2.A lot of books in the library are of English grammar.3.I’ve a lot of pending work.4.There are a lot of examples in this page.5.With your jokes, I laugh a lot.6.That’s the trouble; he always thinks everything a lot.7.I ever use much and many, a lot of times.8.How many years you age? I don’t remember, but is a lot.9.The homework contains a lot of exercises.10.One day I will have a lot of books, a lot.

http://www.ejemplode.com/6-ingles/2510-ejemplo_de_uso_de_much,_many_y_a_lot_of.html

Some In this OPORTUNIDAD Veremos el USO de SOME y CUALQUIER Que Son dos de las Palabras Cuantitativas Que se utilizan con Frecuencia alcalde en el idioma inglés. Alguno significativos llevados Ambos Términos, Alguna, ALGUNOS, ALGUNAS y generalmente se utilizan Cuando No es Necesario establecer de Manera exacta cuan grande o Pequeña es la amount Que se Expresa. Suelen muy Ser Empleados Como El plural de los Artículos indeterminados A y AN.

There are some letters for you. Hay algunas cartas para tí.

There is some sugar in the pot. Hay algo de azúcar en el recipiente

Se usa SOME acompañando a sustantivos contables e incontables en oraciones afirmativas. Por ejemplo:

http://www.aprenderinglesfacil.es/2008/07/el-uso-de-some-y-any.html

a. alguno (en lugar de sustantivo masculino en plural)I can play three instruments. Can you play any ?Puedo tocar tres instrumentos. ¿Sabes tocar alguno?b. alguna (en lugar de sustantivo feminino en plural)I have lots of apples. Do you want any ?Tengo muchas manzanas. ¿Quieres alguna?c.  sin traducción directa (en lugar de sustantivo incontable)Have they bought any flour?

Any

a. algo de (antes de sustantivo contable)Do you have any money?¿Tienes algo de dinero?b.  sin traducción directa (antes de sustantivo incontable o plural)Do you have any kids? ¿Tienes hijos?Do you have any sugar?

Must / might

1. Permiso, sobre todo en preguntas:

- May I disturb you for a moment? / ¿Puedo molestarle un momento?- May I put the light on? / ¿Puedo encender la luz?

Nota:Para expresar poder de permiso con may, puede utilizarse también can y could en el lenguaje más informal.

 May not puede usarse para denegar permiso y para prohibir en el estilo formal: Students may not use the staff car park / Los estudiantes no pueden usar el aparcamiento del profesorado.

Nota:Must not también se emplea para prohibir. Es más fuerte y enfático que may not:Students must not use the staff car park

 'May I borrow your car?' 'No, you may not.' / '¿Me prestas tu coche?' 'No, no te lo presto.'2. Posibilidad: We may go to Paris this summer. / Puede que vayamos a Paris este verano. You may be right. / Puede que tengas razón.

Nota:It may not be true. – Puede que no sea verdad.It can’t be true. – No puede ser verdad. (imposibilidad

1. Permiso, sobre todo en preguntas:

- May I disturb you for a moment? / ¿Puedo molestarle un momento?- May I put the light on? / ¿Puedo encender la luz?May not puede usarse para denegar permiso y para prohibir en el estilo formal:

Students may not use the staff car park / Los estudiantes no pueden usar el aparcamiento del profesorado.'May I borrow your car?' 'No, you may not.' / '¿Me prestas tu coche?' 'No, no te lo presto.'

2. Posibilidad:

We may go to Paris this summer. / Puede que vayamos a Paris este verano.You may be right. / Puede que tengas razón.

http://www.mansioningles.com/gram63.htm

Past simple of “can”•"Can" significa "poder" en el sentido de "tener capacidad".

Los pájaros pueden volar

•También se utiliza para pedir permiso. Para pedir permiso de manera informal se utiliza el present simple:

¿Puedo ayudarte?

y para pedir permiso de manera más educada se usa el condicional (could

Conjugación Significado

I can yo puedo

you can tú puedes

he can él puede

we can nosotros podemos

you can vosotros podéis

they can ellos pueden

http://www.inglessencillo.com/can

Reported speech

When we report exactly what someone else has said, we use the direct style. With this style what the person has said is placed between quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word

•I am going to London next week," she said. ("Voy a Londres la semana que viene," ella dijo.)•Do you have a pen I could borrow?, he asked.•"Do you have a pen I could borrow," he asked. ("¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme?," él preguntó.)•Alice said, I love to dance.•Alice said, "I love to dance.“ (Alice dijo, "Me encanta bailar.")•Chris asked, Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night? (Chris preguntó, "¿Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?")

http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/reported.php

Verbs

•"Can" significa "poder" en el sentido de "tener capacidad".

Los pájaros pueden volar

•También se utiliza para pedir permiso. Para pedir permiso de manera informal se utiliza el present simple:

¿Puedo ayudarte?

y para pedir permiso de manera más educada se usa el condicional (could

Conjugación Significado

I can yo puedo

you can tú puedes

he can él puede

we can nosotros podemos

you can vosotros podéis

they can ellos pueden

Característica especial: a can no se le añade una "-s" en la tercera persona del singular.

Autoridad externa

Autoridad del emisor

Pasado Had to Had toPresente Have to MustFuturo Will have to Must

Have to" expresan una obligación. A veces se pueden utilizar indistintamente (especialmente con la primera persona donde prácticamente tienen el mismo sentido), no obstante existen ciertas diferencias.

"Must" se utiliza con el tiempo presente y futuro

"Have to" con pasado, presente y futuro

Have to