NORTH KOREA(Democratic People’s Republik Of Korea)

DPRK

Capital : PyongyangSupreme Leader : Kim Jong UnLiberation : 15 August 1945Population (2013) : 24. 845.000

Johan Yulianto

The North Korean Posisition in The World

ECONOMIC SYSTEM• North Korea has maintained one of the most closed and

centralized economies in the world since the 1940s• For several decades it followed the Soviet pattern of five-year

plans with the ultimate goal of achieving self-sufficiency• Extensive Soviet and Chinese support allowed North Korea to

rapidly recover from the Korean War and register very high growth rates

• Systematic inefficiency began to arise around 1960, when the economy shifted from the extensive to the intensive development stage

• The loss of Eastern Bloc trading partners and a series of natural disasters throughout the 1990s caused severe hardships, including widespread famine

• By 2000, the situation improved owing to a massive international food assistance effort, but the economy continues to suffer from food shortages, dilapidated infrastructure and a critically low energy supply

• A second round of reforms in 2002 led to an expansion of market activities, partial monetization

• Despite these changes, which were reportedly reversed soon after implementation,[198]North Korea remains a command economy where the state owns almost all means of production and development priorities are defined by the government.

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• Main article : History of Korea

• Korean history began with the founding of Joseon (often known as "Gojoseon" to prevent confusion with another dynasty founded in the 13th century; the prefix Go- means 'older,' 'before,' or 'earlier') in 2333 BC by Dangun, according to Korean foundation mythology

• Gojoseon expanded until it controlled northern Korean Peninsula and some parts of Manchuria

• The Gija Joseon was purportedly founded in 12th century BC, and its existence and role have been controversial in the modern era

• There was a significant Chinese presence in northern parts of the Korean Peninsula during the next century, and the Lelang Commandery persisted for about 400 years until it was conquered by Goguryeo

• After many conflicts with the Chinese Han dynasty, Gojoseon disintegrated, leading to the Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea period.

• In the early centuries of the Common Era, Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye, and the Samhan confederacy occupied the peninsula and southern Manchuria

• Of the various states, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla grew to control the peninsula as Three Kingdoms of Korea

• In Unified Silla, poetry and art was encouraged, and Buddhist culture thrived. Relationships between Korea and China remained relatively peaceful during this time

• King Taejo declared the new name of Korea as "Joseon" in reference to Gojoseon, and moved the capital to Hanseong (old name of Seoul).

• The first 200 years of the Joseon dynasty were marked by relative peace and saw the creation of Hangul by King Sejong the Great in the 15th century and the rise in influence of Confucianism in the country

• Between 1592 and 1598, Japan invaded Korea. Toyotomi Hideyoshi led the Japanese forces, but his advance was halted by Korean forces with assistance from Righteous Army militias and Ming dynasty Chinese troops

• After another series of wars against Manchuria, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace. King Yeongjo and King Jeongjo particularly led a new renaissance of the Joseon dynasty.

• Japanese occupation (1910–45)• Soviet occupation and division of Korea (1945–50)• Korean War (1950–53)