NORTH KOREA(The Democratic People’s Republic Of Korea)

By : Johan Yulianto

NORTH KOREA

Capital : PyongyangSupreme Leader : Kim Jong UnIndependence Day : 15 August 1945Population (2013) : 24. 845.000

Motto : Kangsong Daeguk ( Powerful and Prosperous Nation )

Currency : WonOfficialLlanguage : KoreanArea : 120.540 km2

Government : Unitary juche one party totalitarian state (various interpretations)GDP (total) : $ 15,4 billion (Perkapita) : $ 621

The North Korean Posisition in The World

ECONOMIC SYSTEMNorth Korea has maintained one of the most closed and

centralized economies in the world since the 1940sFor several decades it followed the Soviet pattern of five-

year plans with the ultimate goal of achieving self-sufficiency

Extensive Soviet and Chinese support allowed North Korea to rapidly recover from the Korean War and register very high growth rates

Systematic inefficiency began to arise around 1960, when the economy shifted from the extensive to the intensive development stage

The loss of Eastern Bloc trading partners and a series of natural disasters throughout the 1990s caused severe hardships, including widespread famine

By 2000, the situation improved owing to a massive international food assistance effort, but the economy continues to suffer from food shortages, dilapidated infrastructure and a critically low energy supply

A second round of reforms in 2002 led to an expansion of market activities, partial monetization

Despite these changes, which were reportedly reversed soon after implementation,[198]North Korea remains a command economy where the state owns almost all means of production and development priorities are defined by the government.

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Main article : History of Korea

Korean history began with the founding of Joseon (often known as "Gojoseon" to prevent confusion with another dynasty founded in the 13th century; the prefix Go- means 'older,' 'before,' or 'earlier') in 2333 BC by Dangun, according to Korean foundation mythology

Gojoseon expanded until it controlled northern Korean Peninsula and some parts of Manchuria

The Gija Joseon was purportedly founded in 12th century BC, and its existence and role have been controversial in the modern era

There was a significant Chinese presence in northern parts of the Korean Peninsula during the next century, and the Lelang Commandery persisted for about 400 years until it was conquered by Goguryeo

After many conflicts with the Chinese Han dynasty, Gojoseon disintegrated, leading to the Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea period.

In the early centuries of the Common Era, Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye, and the Samhan confederacy occupied the peninsula and southern Manchuria

Of the various states, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla grew to control the peninsula as Three Kingdoms of Korea

In Unified Silla, poetry and art was encouraged, and Buddhist culture thrived. Relationships between Korea and China remained relatively peaceful during this time

King Taejo declared the new name of Korea as "Joseon" in reference to Gojoseon, and moved the capital to Hanseong (old name of Seoul).

The first 200 years of the Joseon dynasty were marked by relative peace and saw the creation of Hangul by King Sejong the Great in the 15th century and the rise in influence of Confucianism in the country

Between 1592 and 1598, Japan invaded Korea. Toyotomi Hideyoshi led the Japanese forces, but his advance was halted by Korean forces with assistance from Righteous Army militias and Ming dynasty Chinese troops

After another series of wars against Manchuria, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace. King Yeongjo and King Jeongjo particularly led a new renaissance of the Joseon dynasty.

 Japanese occupation (1910–45)Soviet occupation and division of Korea (1945–50)Korean War (1950–53)

National Anthem(AEGUKKA)

Ach’ imun pinnara I kangsanUn gume chawondo kadwkhanSamch’ olli arumdaun nae chogukPanmanyon araen nyoksaeCh’allanhan munhwaro charananSu’giron inminuii yong gwang

Momgwa mam ta pach yo’i chosonKiri pattusePaektusan kisangul ta ankoKulloui chongsinun KitturoChilliro mungch’ yojin oksen ttutOn seg ye apso nagari

Sonnun him nadodo naemiroInminui ttusuro son naraHanopsi puganghanun i chosonKiri pinnaeseSonnun him nododo naemiroInminui ttusuro son naraHanopsi puganghanun i chosonKiri pinnaese

GeographyTopography of North Korea

North Korea occupies the northern portion of the Korean Peninsula, lying between latitudes 37° and 43°N, and longitudes 124° and 131°E

North Korea shares land borders with China and Russia to the north, and borders South Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone

Its west are the Yellow Sea and Korea Bay, and to its east lies Japan across the Sea of Japan (East Sea of Korea)

North Korea experiences a combination of continental climate and an oceanic climate, but most of the country experiences a humid continental climate within the Köppen climate classification scheme

Winters bring clear weather interspersed with snow storms as a result of northern and northwestern winds that blow from Siberia

Summer tends to be by far the hottest, most humid, and rainiest time of year because of the southern and southeastern monsoon winds that carry moist air from the Pacific Ocean

Political Ideology The Juche ideology is the cornerstone of party works and

government operations It is viewed by the official North Korean line as an embodiment

of Kim Il-sung's wisdom, an expression of his leadership, and an idea which provides "a complete answer to any question that arises in the struggle for national liberation

The roots of Juche were made up of a complex mixture of factors, including the cult of personality centered on Kim Il-sung, the conflict with pro-Soviet and pro-Chinese dissenters, and Korea's centuries-long struggle for independence

Some foreign observers have instead described North Korea's political system as an absolute monarchy or a "hereditary dictatorship

Others view its ideology as a racialist-focused nationalism similar to that of Shōwa Japan, or bearing a resemblance to European fascism

ReligionFreedom of religion and the right to religious ceremonies

are constitutionally guaranteed, but religions are restricted in practice

According to Religious Intelligence, 64.3% of the population are irreligious adherents of the Juche idea, 16% practice Korean shamanism, 13.5% practice Chondoism, 4.5% are Buddhist, and 1.7% are Christian

EconomyNorth Korea has maintained one of the most closed and

centralized economies in the world since the 1940sExtensive Soviet and Chinese support allowed North Korea

to rapidly recover from the Korean War and register very high growth rates

Systematic inefficiency began to arise around 1960, when the economy shifted from the extensive to the intensive development stage

The shortage of skilled labor, energy, arable land and transportation significantly impeded long-term growth and resulted in consistent failure to meet planning objectives

North Korea declared the last seven-year plan unsuccessful in December 1993 and thereafter stopped announcing plans

The economy is heavily nationalized, Food and housing are extensively subsidized by the state; education and healthcare are free; and the payment of taxes was officially abolished in 1974

A variety of goods are available in department stores and supermarkets in Pyongyang, though most of the population relies on small-scale janmadang markets

Industry and services employ 65% of North Korea's 12.6 million labor force, Major industries include machine building, military equipment, chemicals, mining, metallurgy, textiles, food processing and tourism

Iron ore and coal production are among the few sectors where North Korea performs significantly better than its southern neighbor – it produces about 10 times larger amounts of each resource

The agricultural sector was shattered by the natural disasters of the 1990s

Rice, corn, soybeans and potatoes are some of the primary crops

A significant contribution to the food supply comes from commercial fishing and aquaculture

Tourism has been a growing sector for the past decade North Korea has a number of special economic zones

(SEZs) and Special Administrative Regions where foreign companies can operate with tax and tariff incentives while North Korean establishments gain access to improved technology

The SEZ system was overhauled in 2013 when 14 new zones were opened and the Rason Special Economic Zone was reformed as a joint Chinese-North Korean project

National KostumThe North Korea National Kostum is Choson-ot

National Kostum National Kostum for woman for man

Referencees www.bbc.com/new/world-asia-pacific-15256929 https://Id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea.Utara

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