AR. NORMAN FOSTER

NAME – DIPANNITA SAHA.

SIXTH SEM., B.ARCH.

USN – 2MB12AT006.

CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE.

M.S.I.A.A, VIJAYAPURA.GUIDED BY : AR. CHAHAT SHEIKH

INTRODUCTION• Norman Foster was born in Manchester, England in 1935.• He went to private school and grammar school but left early to earn a living.• After leaving school he worked for two years in the city treasurer’s office, studied• commercial law.• He entered Manchester University School of Architecture and City Planning when he

was 21 (1956) and graduated in 1961.• Later he got a fellowship at Yale School of Architecture, and completed his masters

under Richard Rogers, also his future business partner.• In 1953 he served the Royal Air Force, driven by his passion for Aircrafts• In 1963 he set up practice in United Kingdom, under the name of Team 4,which later

became Foster+ Partners.• He is one of the most High Tech architects of present time.• Foster Associates (now known as Foster and Partners) was founded in 1967 and now

has offices in London, Berlin, and Singapore, with over 500 employees worldwide.• Foster and Partners has received over 190 awards and haswon over 50 national and

international competitions.• In 1999 he was was awarded the 21st Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate.• Worked at treasurer’s office at Town hall.

AWARDS AND RECOGNITION

• Foster was Knighted in 1990. Also he was made life peer in 1999-as Lord Baron Foster of Thames Bank.

• In 1994- awarded the AIA Gold Medal• Second British architect to have won Sterling Prize twice.• Awarded the Pritzker Prize in 1999• In 2009 – Prince of Asturias Award, for Arts• Received Aga Khan Award for ArchitectureAnd is a fellow of the Chartered Society of Designers

He has received numerous more awards and recognition for his works over his lifetime.

1969–1971, Fred. Olsen Lines terminal, London Docklands, UK1970–1971, IBM Pilot Head Office, Cosham, Portsmouth, UK1971–1975, Willis Faber and Dumas Headquarters, Ipswich, UK1974–1978, Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK1979–1986, HSBC Main Building, Hong Kong1992, Torre de Collserola, Barcelona, Spain1984–1993, Carré d'Art, Nîmes, France1994, Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska, United States1988–1995, Metro of Bilbao, Spain1995, Faculty of Law, Cambridge1995–1997, The Clyde Auditorium, part of the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre in Glasgow, Scotland1996, National Sea Life Centre, Birmingham, UK1991–1997, Commerzbank Tower, Frankfurt, Germany1992–1998, Hong Kong International Airport, Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong1999, Redevelopment of the Great Court of the British Museum, London, UK2000, Greater London Authority Building (London City Hall), London, UK1996–2000, Millennium Bridge, London, UK2001, Expo MRT Station, Singapore2001, Al Faisaliyah Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia2001, J Sainsbury headquarters, Holborn Circus, London, UK1999–2001, Lionel Robbins Building renovation, British Library of Political and Economic Science, London School of Economics, London, UK2002, 8 Canada Square (HSBC Group Head Office), London, UK2003, Universiti Teknologi Petronas main campus, Malaysia1997–2004, 30 St Mary Axe, Swiss Re London headquarters, London, UK2004, The Sage Gateshead, Gateshead, UK2004, Moor House, London, UK2004, McLaren Technology Centre, Woking, UK2004, Tanaka Business School, Imperial College London, UK2004, The Millau Viaduct, near Millau, France

LIST OF PROJECTS DONE BY NORMAN FOSTER

2005, Supreme Court Building, Singapore2005, Western Årsta Bridge, Stockholm, Sweden2005, National Police Memorial, The Mall, London, UK2005, The Philological Library at the Free University of Berlin, Germany2005, Deutsche Bank Place, Sydney, Australia (the first Sir Norman Foster building in the Southern Hemisphere)2002–2006, Dresden Hauptbahnhof reconstruction, Dresden, Germany2006, Hearst Tower,[2] New York City, United States2006, Leslie L. Dan Pharmacy Building[3] at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada2006, Palace of Peace and Reconciliation,[4] Astana, Kazakhstan2002–2007, Wembley Stadium, London, UK2004–2007, The Willis Building, City of London, UK2005–2007, Thomas Deacon Academy2007, International Terminal, Beijing Capital International Airport, Beijing, China2006–2008, John Spoor Broome Library, California State University Channel Islands, United States.2004–2008, Torre Caja Madrid, Madrid, Spain2010, Art of the Americas Wing at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States2003–2010 Florence TAV Station, Florence, Italy2006-2010 Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center in Astana, Kazakhstan.2004-2011 The Troika [2], Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2004–2009)2007–2011 The Bow, Calgary, Canada2002–2013 Lenbachhaus, Munich, Germany2013, Ombrelle, Old Port, Marseille, France.[6]

2014, Edward P. Evans Hall, School of Management, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA2014, Apple Store, Zorlu Center, Istanbul [7]

2014, Yacht Club de Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monaco

LIST OF PROJECTS DONE BY NORMAN FOSTER

PHILOSOPHY“THE BEST ARCHITECTURE COMES FROM A

SYNTHESIS OF ALL THEELEMENTS THAT SEPARATELY COMPRISE A

BUILDING…” - FOSTER

•The structure that holds it up;•The services that allow it to work;• The ecology of the building –

-Naturally ventilated, whether you can open the windows, the quality of light;

•The materials used, their mass or their lightness; •The character of the spaces;•The relationship of the buildings to the skyline or streetscape; •The way in which the building signals its presence in the city or the countryside.•“The quality of our surroundings has a direct influence on the quality of our lives”.•He believes that “Architecture is generated by the needs of people, both material and spiritual”.•The process of ‘reinvention’ distinguishes all of his work – past and present – and rests on a duty to design well and to design responsibly – whether that is at the scale of an airport or a door handle.•He anticipated trends like energy conservation and ecological impacts, pioneering design solutions that use totally renewable sources of energy and offer dramatic reductions in CO2 emissions. Environmental awareness is an integral part of his design as it evolves to meet the challenges of the next forty years

•Sir Norman Foster’s buildings have dynamic appearance and yet very environmentally aware.

•Designs are environmentally friendly.His design process includes ways to reduce elements that are

harmful to the environment such as carbon dioxide emissions,greenhouse gases and fuel consumption.

• Each detail is carefully planned ,space is always taken into consideration.• Foster’s designs have many bold shapes and uses colour to enhance and emphasize his work includes

- everything from door handles and tables to airports, bridges, and office buildings. •He doesn’t limit himself in the design world to just one field, • Works on small as well as big projects and the big projects become famous .• Foster’s advances in the design has allowed him to alter many architectural rules.

DESIGN ELEMENTS…

High-tech:using high-tech equipment andpushing the edge of structural engineering, he is able to push the edge of architectural designing. High-tech buildings are more flexible, and thus more distinctive. A high-tech building, is also energy efficient

Light :•Through harnessing and collection of light, individuals feel close to nature.•Consideration of light and its effects on thestructure.•His commercial buildings have a centralatrium that draws light to the core of the building.•Believes light has a healing function,

-one that keeps individuals sane in a busy modern world.•In Reichstag, Foster uses light to remind German citizens that building serves as their democratic center.•The Willis-Faber & Dumas building’s walls of glass become transparent at night, allowing outsiders to see inside.

Layers:• Foster likes to play with different layers sending message. •The Reichstag has public viewing areasabove political buildings to send the message that- politics should work to support the citizen.•Reichstag also layers the idea of old and new,

DESIGN ELEMENTS…

LANDMARK DESIGNSThe Gherkin (Skyscrapers can be eco-friendly)• Iconic symbol of London at 180 meters. and is one of the city's most widely recognised examples of modern

architecture.• “Gherkin” meaning a cucumber denotes the unusual shape of the building.• Gaps in each floor create six air shafts that serve as a natural ventilation system for the entire building.• Diamond shaped scaly façade is another in genuine design, which gives a shimmering crystal image, very elegant

design.• The triangulated perimeter also provides enough stiffness to the building to resist high wind turbulence at greater

height, also the slender shape provides minimum resistance to winds. • The narrower base is in line with the narrow London roads, which does not make the building massive or imposing,

even after its huge scale

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Tower's topmost panoramic dome, known as the "lens“ offers a magnificent view of the city. The only curved piece of glass in the building.

Bar for tenants and guests at 40th floor. Was achieved by stopping the main lift at 34th

floor. And connecting a push-from-below lift till 39th floor, so as to maintain a hindrance free flat surface at the topmost floor.

•Giant double glazed structure lets natural light in, enhancing the work environment and reducing lighting costs.•Energy-saving methods which allow it to use half the power a similar tower would typically consume

• External skeleton of the building is made of cross-linked steel pieces, which are then clad by the diamond-shaped double glazing.

• Masterpiece in skyscraper architecture.• Voted as the most admired new

building in the world.

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PLANS

HONG KONG AND SHANGHAI BANK•He wanted to create a building that was not solely a bank• Wanted change in current trend of building skyscrapers. • Hated the idea of a central service core, pushing service areas to the edge of the building in his design.•Structural steel frames supported the floors.• Positioning of elevators, banking halls and atrium done in

accordance with feng-shui .• The atrium pulls light into the heart of the building and pushes it through the building, penetrating all spaces.•Foster pushed the elevators to the very edge of the building, thus opening interior space and allowing more flexibility. •Glass and steel appearance from interior and exterior.

KANAWA HOUSE

•Installation of series of louvers in the ceiling• The louvers have the capability to track the sun’s movement •This quality of light and shadow is found in the adjustable

ceiling, allowing for wide variations in the appearance of the interior. •The louvers can be fully opened, and the ceiling becomes a window,• The result is a house that mixes Japanese spirit with Western technology.•For this design Foster studied traditional Japanese house designs and synthesized traditional and high-tech elements.

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• It was opened in 1894 and housed the Reichstag until 1933 when it was severely damaged in a fire.•After World War II, It was rendered useless.The ruined building was made safe against the elements and partially refurbished in the 1960s, but no attempt at full restoration was made until after German reunification on October 3, 1990.

THE RIECHSTAG

• The building was then renovated by Norman Foster.• This time his architecture was about power.• Norman foster creates a landmark of cultures of very

different times to express who or what they are through his architecture.

• The dome that he created above the Reichstag building was a symbol of the reunified Germany.

• It stood for the democracy and unity of the new nation.

• The futuristic and transparent design of the Reichstag dome makes it a unique landmark, and symbolizes Berlin's attempt to move away from a past of Nazism and instead towards a future with a heavier emphasis on a united, democratic Germany

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• He proposed something that would work with the ecology of the building

• It would work with the winds, would draw sun in, would have shade.

• It would also celebrate, a processional route to the summit, for the visitors who come to the cupola.

• The Dome symbolizes that the people are above the government.

The challenges met by Foster were• To restore damage• To take what was left of the old building and

make it look new again.• To show what once happened to the building,

to show it’s history• He handles this very sensitively.• He kept the Russian soldiers, sometimes

obscene messages, written on the stone walls.• Since it was a part of the German history, a part

of that building, which should not be wiped out.

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ROOF -• it is having the symbolic import of unification,

ecological function by collecting and conserving solar energy and also handling natural ventilation• Obsession with light• This dome funnels light into the building during the daytime.• Dome is completely transparent ,suggesting that democracy should be transparent and

inviting.

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USE OF HIGH-TECHNOLOGY• All of the elements in the building were computer tested and even the dome was subjected to computer wind simulations in order to maximize space and minimize excess. • Its power station also burns a special linseed fuel mixture, based on corn oil, not fossil fuels, minimizing energy consumption.•At night the mirrors, which bring daylight into the chamber work in reverse by acting as a signal on the skyline to show that Parliament was in session.

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VIEWS

The tallest building in Europe, demonstrates that sustainable energy conscious design is possible at the scale of the skyscraper.

Development of plan -•The plan of the tower is triangular, giving the form of three “petals” with a central “stem.” •central atrium space.•layout includes a core area for circulation, mechanical, and other basic building needs.•core functions were pushed to the outer corners of the building to make way for the atrium space.•brings light directly to the interior offices and the heart of the structure.

COMMERZ BANK , FRANKFURT ,GERMANYH

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PLAN

Winter Gardens

•The winter gardens in this building providea great number of functions.•The stacked gardens allow ventilation through the atrium•Natural light is brought directly to the center of the building•Offices facing the center of the building are provided light and exterior views through the gardens.•And finally, the garden spaces provide a much more green, natural space .•Foster wanted to emphasize the difference between the office levels and the garden levels, so the exterior walls surrounding the gardens have a different window cladding system.•Venetian blinds, the windows act as a passive cooling device, saving on air-conditioning costs.

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ELEVATIONSECTION

•The distinctive outer shell and unique framework.•10 storey building.•Oval form enables the building to perform consuming only the minimum amount of energy necessary.

•Use of steel formwork for the slab results in a reduction of costs in construction waste.

•The inclined steel column system -cost effectiveness, -simplicity, -easily constructed

•Circular steel columns 508 mm in diameter are lined up on top of each other connection from floor to floor and are angled to line up with the floor plate

LONDON CITY HALLH

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•The roof of City Hall is provided with a completed installation of photovoltaic solar panels.• Running along the interior atrium is a stepped ramp which continues spiraling up above the debating chamber.

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PLANS

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SECTION

Masdar City is more than a concept – it is happening. Phase One of Masdar City has now begun – The Masdar Institute of Science and Technology is underway and reaching completion.

MASDAR CITY is a ground breaking new design by Foster in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), With city planning focused on providing all of the modern conveniences, services and benefits of living in one of the great cities of the world, but in a 100% carbon-neutral environment.

WILLIS FABER AND DUMAS BUILDING, IPSWICH

AMERICAN AIR MUSEUM

CLYDE AUDITORIUM

STATUS COMPLETE

TYPE COMMERCIAL OFFICES

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE STRUCTURAL EXPRESSIONISM

LOCATION1 QUEEN'S ROAD CENTRALCENTRAL, HONG KONG

COORDINATES

22°16′48″N 114°9′34″E/ 22.28000°N 114.15944°ECOORDINATES22°16′48″N 114°9′34″E/ 22.28000°N 114.15944°E

CONSTRUCTION STARTED 1983

COMPLETED 1985

COST US$780 MILLION

HEIGHT

ROOF 178.8 M (586.6 FT)

TECHNICAL DETAILS

FLOOR COUNT 44

FLOOR AREA 99,000 M2 (1,065,627 SQ FT)

LIFTS/ELEVATORS 28

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

ARCHITECT FOSTER AND PARTNERS

STRUCTURAL ENGINEEROVE ARUP & PARTNERSCLEVELAND BRIDGE LTD.

QUANTITY SURVEYOR WT PARTNERSHIP

MAIN CONTRACTOR WIMPEY INTERNATIONAL

HONG KONG SHANGHAI BANK

INTRODUCTION

THE FIRST HSBC (THEN KNOWN AS THE HONG KONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING COMPANY LIMITED) BUILDING WAS WARDLEY HOUSE, USED AS HSBC OFFICE BETWEEN 1865 TO 1882 ON THE PRESENT SITE. IN 1864 THE LEASE COST HKD 500 A MONTH. AFTER RAISING A CAPITAL OF HKD 5 MILLION, THE BANK OPENED ITS DOOR IN 1865. IT WAS DEMOLISHED IN 1886 AND REBUILT IN THE SAME YEAR.

DESIGN• THE NEW BUILDING WAS DESIGNED BY THE BRITISH ARCHITECT LORD NORMAN FOSTER AND CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS OVE ARUP & PARTNERS WITH SERVICE DESIGN BY J. ROGER PRESTON & PARTNERS, AND WAS CONSTRUCTED BY WIMPEY INTERNATIONAL.• FROM THE CONCEPT TO COMPLETION, IT TOOK SEVEN YEARS (1978–1985). • THE BUILDING IS 180 METRES HIGH WITH 47 STOREYS AND FOUR BASEMENT LEVELS.• THE BUILDING HAS A MODULAR DESIGN CONSISTING OF FIVE STEEL MODULES PREFABRICATED IN THE UK BY SCOTT LITHGOW SHIPBUILDERS NEAR GLASGOW, AND SHIPPED TO HONG KONG. ABOUT 30,000 TONS OF STEEL AND 4,500 TONS OF ALUMINIUM WERE USED.• THE ORIGINAL DESIGN WAS HEAVILY INSPIRED BY THE DOUGLAS GILLING DESIGNED QANTAS INTERNATIONAL CENTRE IN SYDNEY (CURRENTLY KNOWN AS SUNCORP PLACE)

CHARACTERISTICS• THE MAIN CHARACTERISTIC OF HSBC HONG KONG HEADQUARTERS IS ITS ABSENCE OF INTERNAL SUPPORTING STRUCTURE.• ANOTHER NOTABLE FEATURE IS THAT NATURAL SUNLIGHT IS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF LIGHTING INSIDE THE BUILDING. THERE IS A BANK OF GIANT MIRRORS AT THE TOP OF THE ATRIUM, WHICH CAN REFLECT NATURAL SUNLIGHT INTO THE ATRIUM AND HENCE DOWN INTO THE PLAZA.• THROUGH THE USE OF NATURAL SUNLIGHT, THIS DESIGN HELPS TO CONSERVE ENERGY.• ADDITIONALLY, SUN SHADES ARE PROVIDED ON THE EXTERNAL FACADES TO BLOCK DIRECT SUNLIGHT GOING INTO THE BUILDING AND TO REDUCE HEAT GAIN. INSTEAD OF FRESH WATER, SEA WATER IS USED AS COOLANT FOR THE AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM.•ALL FLOORING IS MADE FROM LIGHTWEIGHT MOVABLE PANELS, UNDER WHICH LIES A COMPREHENSIVE NETWORK OF POWER, TELECOMMUNICATION, AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS. THIS DESIGN WAS TO ALLOW EQUIPMENT SUCH AS COMPUTER TERMINALS TO BE INSTALLED QUICKLY AND EASILY.

INTELLIGENT LIGHTING IS DISTRIBUTED ACROSS SIX SECTIONS OF THE BUILDING:• VERTICAL LADDER TRUSSES• EXOSKELETON: INNER + OUTER• REFUGE FLOORS• NORTHWEST STAIRWELL• EASTERN STAIRWELLS• ROOF BUILDING MAINTENANCE UNITS• HSBC HAS ALWAYS AIMED TO ADOPT A NEW LIGHTING SCHEME BECAUSE FOSTER DID NOT PAY MUCH ATTENTION TO THE ILLUMINATION OF THE BUILDING AT NIGHTTIME

PLANS

PLANS

SECTIONSKETCHES

ELEVATION

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PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS :

APPOINTMENT: 1980 COMPLETION: 1982

AREA: 25 000M²HEIGHT: 10 MCAPACITY: 250 CLIENT: RENAULT UK LTD

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER: OVE ARUP & PARTNERS QUANTITY SURVEYOR: DAVIS BELFIELD & EVEREST M+E ENGINEER: FOSTER ASSOCIATES LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: TECHNICAL LANDSCAPES LTD AWARDSEUROPEAN AWARD FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE, HANOVER – FIRST PRIZE, 'FINANCIAL TIMES' ‘ARCHITECTURE AT WORK’ AWARD

DESCRIPTION

• THE RENAULT CENTRE HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS THE PRACTICES MOST PLAYFUL STRUCTURE. • THE CENTRE WAS COMMISSIONED AS THE FRENCH CAR MANUFACTURERS MAIN UK DISTRIBUTION FACILITY.• IN ADDITION TO WAREHOUSING, IT INCLUDES A SHOWROOM, TRAINING SCHOOL, WORKSHOPS, OFFICES AND A STAFF RESTAURANT.• THE NOTION THAT GOOD DESIGN PAYS HAS ALMOST BECOME A CLICH, BUT IN THIS CASE IT IS QUANTIFIABLE: ON THE STRENGTH OF THE DESIGN, SUPPORTIVE LOCAL PLANNERS INCREASED THEIR SITE DEVELOPMENT LIMIT FROM 50 TO 67 PER CENT, ALLOWING A FLOOR AREA OF 25,000 SQUARE METRES.• THIS IS HOUSED WITHIN A SINGLE ENCLOSURE SUPPORTED BY BRIGHTLY COLOURED TUBULAR MASTS AND ARCHED STEEL BEAMS, FORMING A STRIKING SILHOUETTE WITHIN ITS SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE.• THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM THAT REPEATS ITSELF TO FORM THIS EXTERNAL OUTLINE IS BASED AROUND A 24 BY 24 METRE BAY A MUCH LARGER THAN USUAL PLANNING MODULE DEVELOPED SO AS TO MAXIMISE THE PLANNING FLEXIBILITY OF THE INTERNAL SPACES.• THIS EXPANSIVE HORIZONTAL SPAN IS COMBINED WITH AN INTERNAL CLEAR HEIGHT OF 7.5 METRES, ALLOWING THE CENTRE TO ACCOMMODATE A RANGE OF USES FROM INDUSTRIAL WAREHOUSE RACKING TO ITS SUBDIVISION INTO OFFICE FLOORS.• ENVELOPED BY A CONTINUOUS PVC MEMBRANE ROOF, PIERCED BY GLASS PANELS AT EACH MAST, THE BUILDING IS ALSO STEPPED AT ONE END, NARROWING TO A SINGLE, OPEN BAY THAT FORMS A PORTE-COCHRE ALONGSIDE A DOUBLE-HEIGHT GALLERY.

RENAULT DISTRIBUTION CENTRE

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“THE BEST ARCHITECTURE COMES FROM A SYNTHESIS OF ALL THE

ELEMENTS THAT SEPARATELY COMPRISE A BUILDING…” - FOSTER

QUOTES…

•ENVIRONMENTALLY AWARE IN DESIGNS AND CREATES ECOLOGICALLYSENSITIVE BUILDINGS.

•HE USES LINES TO FORM ORGANIC SHAPES.SKELETON OF THE OUTSIDE OF THE BUILDING IS VISIBLE TO THE EYERATHER THAN HIDING IT .

• MANY SPACES INSIDE ARE ENCLOSED IN GLASS AND ALMOST CAUSEYOU TO FEEL AS THOUGH YOU ARE OUTSIDE.

•PUTS A LOT OF THOUGHT INTO-HOW HIS DESIGNS WILL MAKE US FEEL ONCE YOU’RE INTERACTINGWITH THEM THROUGH THE USE OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS AND THESPACE OF AN AREA

•MANY OF HIS DESIGNS HAVE BEEN NAMED AS A“LANDMARK”

CONCLUSION