Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
Musical Codes
Selfridge-Field (ed.)Beyond MIDI: The Handbook of Musical
Codes(MIT Press 1997)
• Sound related
• Musical notation
• Data management & analysis
Sound related: MIDI• MIDI = Musical Instrument Digital
Interface
• 1983 – communicatie protocol tussen keyboards & synthesizers
MIDI8 = Note Off9 = Note OnA = AfterTouch (i.e. key pressure)B = Control ChangeC = Program (patch/instrument) changeD = Channel PressureE = Pitch Wheel
General MIDI
MIDI extensies
• NoTAMIDI • Expressive MIDI • MIDIPlus • Augmented MIDI
Musical notation codes• DARMS = Digital Alternate
Representation of Musical Scores
• ontwikkeld vanaf 1963
Musical notation codes: DARMSCodering van muzikale parameters:
Sleutels: !G, !F, !CVoortekening: !K-, !K#, !K3-Maatsoorten: !M4:4, !M6:8, !MC
Musical notation codes: DARMSCodering van muzikale parameters:
Toonhoogte = positie op notenbalk (onafhankelijk van sleutel)
Musical notation codes: DARMSCodering van muzikale parameters:
Toonduur: W, H, Q, E, STriolen e.a.: !R3:2, !R5:4Maatstrepen: /, /|, /:, :/, /.
Overige coderingen voor stokken, overbindingen, articulatie etc.
Musical notation codes: DARMS!I1 !G,!G,!G,!C,!F K Begin clarinet part $!M3:4,15@Clarinet in A$ 6E(L1VP 8) / 10( 8) 13QL2 10E(L1 8) / 7( 9) 11QL2 9E(L1 7) / 6( 5 8 7 10 9)L2 / 7#QL1 8L2 6E(L1 8) / 10( 8) 13QL2 10E(L1 8) / K Begin first violin $!K3# !M3:4,14@Violin I$ RQ / RQ 4QVP Q / RQ Q Q / RQ 3 3 / RQ 4 4 / RQ 4 4 / K Begin second violin $!K3# !M3:4,14@Violin II$ RQ / RQ 1QVP Q / RQ 2 2 / RQ 0 0 / RQ -1 -1 / RQ 1 1 /
Musical notation codes
Data management & analysis
• ‘makkelijk’ leesbaar formaat; efficiënte grammatica van taal
• opslag van grote hoeveelheden data moet mogelijk zijn
Data management & analysis: Humdrum
Opeenvolgende gebeurtenissen
Samenvallende elementen
X X X
X X X
X X X
Data management & analysis: Humdrum
Basis codering: **kern
• pitch• duration• articulation & ornamentation• timbre• other (phrasing, slurs, barlines etc.)• editorial
Data management & analysis: Humdrum
Codering van muzikale parameters:
Sleutels: *clefG2, *clefF4, *clefC3Voortekening: *k[b-],*k[f#], *k[b-e-a-]Maatsoorten: *M4/4, *M6/8
Data management & analysis: Humdrum
Codering van muzikale parameters:
c = c1Be-f#
Data management & analysis: Humdrum
Codering van muzikale parameters:
Toonduur: 1, 2, 4, 8Triolen e.a.: 12, 6Maatstrepen: =, =2
Data management & analysis: Humdrum !! Mozart: Trio II from Clarinet Quintet
**kern **kern **kern
!violino !violino !clarinet
!II !I !in A
*Iviolin *Iviolin *Iclarinet
*ICstr *ICstr *ICww
*sys1 *sys1 *sys1
*staff3 *staff2 *staff1
*clefG2 *clefG2 *clefG2
*M3/4 *M3/4 *M3/4
*k[f#c#g#] *k[f#c#g#] *k[f#c#g#]
*A: *A: *A:
* * *Tr+2d+3c
4r 4r (8a\
. . 8cc#\
=1 =1 =1
4r 4r 8ee\
. . 8cc#\
4e/ 4a/ 4aa\)
4e/ 4a/ (8ee\
Data management & analysis: Humdrum . . 8cc#\
=2 =2 =2
4r 4r 8b\
. . 8dd\
4f#/ 4a/ 4ff#\)
4f#/ 4a/ (8dd\
. . 8b\
=3 =3 =3
4r 4r 8a\
. . 8g#\
4d/ 4g#/ 8cc#\
. . 8b\
4d/ 4g#/ 8ee\
. . 8dd\)
=4 =4 =4
4r 4r (4b#\
4c#/ 4a/ 4cc#\)
4c#/ 4a/ (8a\
. . 8cc#\
=5 =5 =5
DARMS vs Humdrum!! Mozart: Trio II from Clarinet Quintet
**kern **kern **kern
!violino !violino !clarinet
!II !I !in A
*Iviolin *Iviolin *Iclarinet
*ICstr *ICstr *ICww
*sys1 *sys1 *sys1
*staff3 *staff2 *staff1
*clefG2 *clefG2 *clefG2
*M3/4 *M3/4 *M3/4
*k[f#c#g#] *k[f#c#g#] *k[f#c#g#]
*A: *A: *A:
* * *Tr+2d+3c
4r 4r (8a\
. . 8cc#\
=1 =1 =1
4r 4r 8ee\
. . 8cc#\
4e/ 4a/ 4aa\)
4e/ 4a/ (8ee\
!I1 !G,!G,!G,!C,!F K Begin clarinet part $!M3:4,15@Clarinet in A$ 6E(L1VP 8) / 10( 8) 13QL2 10E(L1 8) / 7( 9) 11QL2 9E(L1 7) / 6( 5 8 7 10 9)L2 / 7#QL1 8L2 6E(L1 8) / 10( 8) 13QL2 10E(L1 8) / K Begin first violin $!K3# !M3:4,14@Violin I$ RQ / RQ 4QVP Q / RQ Q Q / RQ 3 3 / RQ 4 4 / RQ 4 4 / K Begin second violin $!K3# !M3:4,14@Violin II$ RQ / RQ 1QVP Q / RQ 2 2 / RQ 0 0 / RQ -1 -1 / RQ 1 1 /
Data management & analysis: Humdrum
**kern **kern **hint*M4/4 *M4/4 *M4/4=1- =1- =1-8c 2cc P88d (2cc) m74e (2cc) m68f (2cc) P5(8f) 8a M38d (8a) P5(8d) 8b M6=2 =2 =22.c 2.e 2.g 2.cc M3 m3 P4*- *- *-
**recip **kern **fret* * *AT:G2* * *RT:0,12:5,17:10,22:14,14:19,19:24,24*M3/4 * *M3/4=1 =1 =14 E e g - |4 - - - |08 c - : : |3 : :8 d - : : : |0 x8 D d e - |2 : : |2 :8 f - : : : |3 :=2 =2 =24 E e g - |4 : : : |04 c - : : |3 : :4 c - : : |3 : x=3 =3 =34 F f a - |5 : : : |2W8 f - : : : |3 :8 g - : : : : |08 a - : : : : |28 b - : : : : |4=4 =4 =42 E e cc - |4 : : : |5v*- *- *-
www.humdrum.org/Humdrum/
Websites:
www.ccarh.orgwww.cpdl.orgwww.finalemusic.comwww.harmony-central.com/MIDI/www.midi.orgwww.music-notation.infowww.humdrum.org/Humdrum/www.spacetoads.com
