1. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mughal architectureMughal architecture Islam in India distinctive style developed by the MughalEmpire in India & Pakistan in the 16th and17th centuries.Uzbek - Turkic MughalarchitectureThe Uzbek dynasty began with the emperorBabur in 1526. Babur erected a mosque atPanipat to celebrate his victory over IbrahimLodi. A second mosque, known as the Babri Historymasjid, was built in Ayodhya and was demol-ished in 1992 by Hindu extremists. A third Architecturemosque also built by Babur during the same Mughal Indo-Islamic Indo-Saracenic period was constructed in Sambhal in DisttMoradabad Major figuresSome of the first and most characteristic Moinuddin Chishti Akbarexamples that remain of early Mughal archi- Ahmad Raza Khantecture were built in the short reign Maulana Azad(15401545) of emperor Sher Shah Suri, who Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Bahadur Yar Jungwas not a Mughal; they include a mosque Communitiesknown as the Qila i Kuhna (1541) near Delhi, Northern Mappilas Tamiland the military architecture of the Old Fort Konkani Marathi Vora Patel in Delhi, Lal Bagh (Dhaka) in Bangladesh , Memons North-Eastern Kashmiris and Rohtas Fort, near Jhelum in present-day Hyderabadi Dawoodi Bohras KhojaPakistan. His mausoleum, octagonal in plan Oriya Nawayath Bearys The Saitsand set upon a plinth in the middle of an arti- Meo Sunni Bohras Kayamkhani Bengali ficial lake, is in Sasaram, and was completedby his son and successor Islam Shah Suri Schools of law (1545AD-1553AD). Hanafi Shafi`i Maliki Hanbali Schools of thought Akbar Barelvi Deobandi Ahle Hadith The emperor Akbar (1556-1605) built largely,and the style developed vigorously during his Mosques in Indiareign. As in the Gujarat and other styles, Historic Mosques of Indiathere is a combination of Muslim and Hindufeatures in his works. Akbar constructed the Cultureroyal city of Fatehpur Sikri, located 26 miles Muslim culture of Hyderabad(42 km) west of Agra, in the late 1500s. Thenumerous structures at Fatehpur Sikri best Other topicsillustrate the style of his works, and the great Ahle Sunnat Movement in South Asia mosque there is scarcely matched in eleg- Islahi Movement in Keralaance and architectural effect; the south gate- Indian Muslim nationalism Muslim chronicles for Indian history way is well known, and from its size and Jamaat-e-Islami Hind structure excels any similar entrance in In-dia. The Mughals built impressive tombs,Mughal architecture, an amalgam of Islam- which include the fine tomb of Akbars fatheric, Persian and Indian architecture, is the Humayun, and Akbars tomb at Sikandra,1

2. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mughal architecturenear Agra, which is a unique structure of the sovereigns. He also built the mausoleum andkind and of great merit.sections of the huge Lahore Fort that includethe impressive Moti Masjid, Sheesh Mahal,Jahangirand Naulakha pavilion which are all enclosedin the fort. He also built a mosque after him-self in Thatta called Shahjahan Mosque.Another mosque was built during his tenturein Lahore called Wazir Khan Mosque, byShaikh Ilm-ud-din Ansari who was the courtphysician to the emperor.The Taj MahalThe Taj Mahal, the "teardrop on the cheek ofeternity" (Rabindranath Tagore), was com-pleted in 1648 by the emperor Shah Jahan inmemory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is com-pletely symmetric other than the sarcophag-Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daula, Agra us of Shah Jahan, which is placed off centerin the crypt room below the main floor. ThisUnder Jahangir (16051627) the Hindu fea- symmetry extended to the building of an en-tures vanished from the style; his greattire mirror mosque in red sandstone, to com-mosque at Lahore is in the Persian style, plement the Mecca-facing mosque place tocovered with enamelled tiles. At Agra, thethe west of the main structure.tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula completed in 1628, The Taj Mahal (1630-1653) in Agra, Indiabuilt entirely of white marble and coveredand the Shalimar Garden (1641-1642) inwholely by pietra dura mosaic, is one of theLahore, Pakistan, are two sites which are onmost splendid examples of that class of orna- the world heritage list of UNESCO. One canmentation anywhere to be found. Jahangirsee the architectural similarities and the lovealso built the Shalimar Gardens and its ac- for water that the Mughals expressed incompanying pavilions on the shore of Dalmany of their buildings.Lake in Kashmir. He also built a monument The Taj is considered to be one of theto his pet antelope, Hiran Minar in most beautiful monuments of love and is oneSheikhupura, Pakistan and due to his greatof the Seven Wonders of the World, when itlove for his wife, after his death she went oncomes to tourism.to build his mausoleum in Lahore.Aurangzeb and laterShah JahanThe force and originality of the style gaveMughal architectureway under Shah Jahan (1627-1658) to a delic-In Aurangzebs reign (16581707) squaredate elegance and refinement of detail, illus- stone and marble gave way to brick or rubbletrated in the magnificent palaces erected inwith stucco ornament. Srirangapatna andhis reign at Agra and Delhi, the latter one the Lucknow have examples of later Indo-Muslimmost exquisitely beautiful in India. The most architecture. He also added his mark to thesplendid of the Mogul tombs, and the most Lahore Fort. He also built one of the thirteenrenowned building in India, is the Taj Mahalgates, and it was later named after him,at Agra, the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, the wife Alamgir. The most impressive building ofof Shah Jahan.The Moti Masjid (PearlAurangzebs reign, is the Badshahi MosqueMosque) in the Agra Fort and The Jama which was constructed in 1674 under the su-Masjid at Delhi are an imposing building, and pervision of Fidai Koka. This mosque is ad-their position and architecture have been jacent to the Lahore Fort. Badshahi Mosquecarefully considered so as to produce a pleas-is the last in the series of great congregation-ing effect and feeling of spacious elegance al mosques in red sandstone and is closelyand well-balanced proportion of parts. In his modeled on the one Shah Jahan built at Shah-works Shah Jahan presents himself as thejahanabad. The red sandstone of the wallsmost magnificentbuilderofIndian contrasts with the white marble of the domes2 3. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mughal architectureand the subtle intarsia decoration. The ma-terials depart from the local tradition of tileCharacteristic elementsrevetment that is seen in the Wazir Khanof Mughal architectureMosque. According to Blair and Bloom, the Jharokhacusped arches and arabesque floral patterns Chhatriinlaid in white marble give the building, des- Chhajjapite its vast proportions, a lighter appearance Jalithan its prototype.Additional monuments Guldastafrom this period are associated with women Charbaghfrom Aurangzebs imperial family. The con-struction of the elegant Zinat al-Masjid inDaryaganij was overseen by AurangzebsSee alsosecond daughter Zinat al-Nisa. The delicatebrick and plaster mausoleum in the Roshan-Ara-Bagh in Sabzimandi was for Aurangzebssister Roshan-Ara who died in 1671. Unfortu-nately, the tomb of Roshanara Begum andthe beautiful garden surrounding it wereneglected for a long time and are now in anadvanced state of decay.Bibi Ka Maqbara amausoleum was built by Prince Azam Shah,son of Emperor Aurangzeb, in the late 17thcentury as a loving tribute to his mother,Dilras Bano Begam in Aurangabad, Maha-rashtra.The Alamgiri Gate, built in 1673 A.D.,is the main entrance to the Lahore Fort inpresent day Lahore, Pakistan. It was con-structed to face west towards the BadshahiMosque in the days of the Mughal EmperorAurangzeb. The monumental gateway is animposing vestibule flanked by two semi-circu-lar bastions that have boldly fluted shafts andlotus petalled bases and are crowned withdomed pavilions.Architectural Panel, Mughal dynasty, late17th century, India. This panel either hung inthe doorway of a palace or lined a noble-mans tent.A view of a pavilion in Shalimar Garden, Mughal gardensLahore, Pakistan Jharokha Ebba Koch Safdarjungs TombMughal gardens3 4. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMughal architectureReferences External links This article incorporates text from the Mughal Gardens (Gallery of theEncyclopdia Britannica, EleventhSmithsonian Institution)Edition, a publication now in the public Jali/Jharokha/Jala/Jalaka (From Mughaldomain.Architecture, Agra, India) Keay, John (2000). India: a History. Grove Template:LinkFAPress, New York.Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_architecture"Categories: Architectural styles, Pakistani architecture, Pakistani architectural history, Indianarchitecture, Islamic architecture, Mughal architecture, Indian architectural history, SouthAsian architectureThis page was last modified on 24 May 2009, at 16:40 (UTC). All text is available under theterms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia is aregistered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity. 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