Motivation

OrganizationalBehavior

Presented By:

Abhishek Pachisia B.Tech-IT

Definition of Motivation:

It is a driving force that makes a person to achieve desired goal.

According to various theories motivation is one of the basic need to achieve desired goal.

Factors influencing motivation are :• Extrinsic factors-Comes from outside the individual.• Intrinsic factors-Exists within the individual.

Motivation are positive and negative both. They can be intrinsic or extrinsic.

Components of Motivation

1. ActivationDecision to initiate a behavior.

2. PersistenceContinuous effort toward goal regardless of number of

obstacles.

3. IntensityConcentration goes into pursuing a goal i.e how hard a

person is trying to achieve the goal .

Factors Influencing Motivation

•Intrinsic FactorsThey are self generated factors as

Responsibility Freedom to act Develop skills and abilities Interesting and challenging work Opportunities for advancement

•Extrinsic FactorsDone by others as

Rewards Promotion Punishment

Motivation is mostly influenced by needs. On this basis Abraham Maslow gave a hierarchy known as “Maslow's Hierarchy”.

Five needs are described in Maslow's Hierarchy

1. Physiological Needs2. Security and Safety Needs3. Social Needs (Love/Belonging Needs)4. Self-Esteem Needs5. Self-Actualization Needs

Maslow's Hierarchy

The most fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contain "deficiency needs" or “d-needs”

Exception of the most fundamental need is physiological needs.

He also coined the term Metamotivation.

Metamotivated people are driven by B-needs (Being Needs), instead of deficiency needs (D-Needs).

Maslow’s Assumption

Physiological needs

For the most part, physiological needs are obvious — they are the literal requirements for human survival.

If these requirements are not met, the human body simply cannot continue to function.

Some of these are:• Air• Water• Food • Clothing • Shelter

Metabolic Requirement

Safety needs

It is second most important need.

Safety and Security needs include:

Personal security

Financial security

Health and well-being

Safety net against accidents/illness and their adverse impacts

Love And Belonging needs

It is the third important layer of human need.

Deficiencies in this need can have effect on individual’s ability to form and maintain emotionally significant relationship as:

Friendship

Intimacy

Family

Esteem needs

It is the Fourth important layer of human need.

Esteem presents the normal human desire to be accepted and valued by others.

Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem or an inferiority complex.

Two versions of esteem needs A lower one A higher one.

Self-actualization

It is the Fifth and the last layer of human need.

Its about “What a man can be, he must be.”

Described by Maslow : What one desires to be.

Typically it is defined as “The full realization of one's potential”.

Few people attain it.

Theory X and Theory Y

Developed by Douglas McGregor.

Two theories are described• Theory X• Theory Y

These theories relates to Maslow’s Hierarchy

Theory Y relates to Self Actualization and Self Esteem.

Theory XAssumes Average person as:

Dislike work and avoid it where possible.

No(or lack in) ambition, dislike responsibility and would follow than lead.

Desire security.

Self Centered

Resists Change

Gullible

Hard and Soft approach

Hard Approach

Environment of command and control.

Purposely low output.

Soft Approach

Permissive & Seek Harmony

Request more Rewards

Both the extreme approaches are not optimal.

Theory YCharacterize workers who,

Consider work can be natural like rest or play

Do not dislike work

Seek responsibility

Self Directed

Committed to their Job.

Align personal goal with organizational goal

No soft approach

Some employees are not Mature enough

Motivation Techniques

Decentralization and Delegation

Job Enlargement

Participative Management

Appraisals

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Also known as “Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory”.

Nature of the work.

Distinguished between Motivators Hygiene Factors

Leading to satisfaction(Motivators)

AchievementRecognitionWork itselfResponsibilityAdvancementGrowth

Leading to dissatisfaction(Hygiene Factors)

Company policySupervisionRelationship with bossWork conditionsSalaryRelationship with peersSecurity

Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not two sides of same thing.

Implications of Management

Provide Hygiene Factors

Provide Job enrichment for intrinsic motivation

Sufficient Challenge in Job.

More responsibility to employees.

Replacing employee of high level skill with low level skill employee.

Example:

I need to be paid on time each month so I can pay my bills. If I am not paid on time, I get really unhappy. But when I get paid on time, I hardly notice it.

On the other hand, when my boss gives me a pat on the back, I feel good. I don't expect this every day and don't especially miss not having praise all of the time.

ThankYou