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MATTER. PROPERTIES AND STATES.
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MATTER
Everything in the universe and all the objects and living things on Earth are made up of matter.
Snowis made upof matter.
The ground is made up of matter.
Peopleare
made up of matter.
All matter has got two general properties
Mass Volume
The mass is the amount of matter ofan object.
The volumeis the spacean object
occupies.
Mass is measuredin kilograms.
We measure volumein litres.
Other properties of matter.
Matter has characteristics properties that let usdisinguish one type of matter from another.
Properties
DENSITY
HARDNESS
ELASTICITY
WATER RESISTANCE
TRANSPARENCY
DENSITY
Density is the relationship betweenan object´s mass and volume.All matter has its own density.
steel straw
HARDNESS
Matter is resistant when it is difficultto scratch or cut.Matter is fragile when it is easy to break.
scratch
ELASTICITY
Matter is elatic when it returns to its original shape after stretching or bending it.
Elastic rubber bands
WATER RESISTANCE
Matter is waterproof when liquidscannot go through it
waterproof permeable
What´s the difference?
TRANSPARENCY
Matter is transparent whenlight can pass through it.
Glass is a transparent material.
We use the characteristic properties of matter for specific purposes.
We use glass for its transparency
We use steel for its hardness
Beams made of steel.
The three states of the matter
Solid Liquid Gas
Ice water Water steam
Solid objects have got their own shape
Solid objects occupy the same space
Solid
Solid objects maintain their volume
CHAIR DOOR SHARPENER FORK SHOE
LiquidLiquids don´t have their own shape.
Liquids have the shape of the container.
Liquids maintain the volume.
Gas
Gases have the shape of the container.
Gases don´t maintain the volume.
Changes in matterPhysical changes
The substance changes
but matter does
not change.
Watter freezes,
but is still water.
chemical changes
Chemical changes créate
New substances and matter
changes. Wood changes
Into ashes and gases when
it burns.
Types of changes.There are two types of changes in matter.
Irreversible changes: it is when
Matter cannot return to its original state.
Reversible changes: it is when
Matter can return to its original state.
Heat often causes these types of changes
When something becomes hot, it expands
and it volumen is bigger.
When it becomes cold, it contracts and its
Volume is smaller.
Temperature can change the state of matter.
Fusion
A solid change to a liquid
Evaporation
A liquid change to a gas.
Physical changes
Temperature can change the state of matter.
A liquid change to a solid.
A gas change to a liquid.
Condensation.
Solidification.
Melting is when a solid becomes a liquid.
For example snow melts in warm weather.
Evaporation is when a liquid becomes a gas.
For example, water in a puddle evaporation.
Boiling is when a liquid reaches a high temperature
and become a gas. Water boils at
100Cº .other liquids boil at different temperaturas.
Condensation is when a gas becomes a liquid.
For example. Water vapour form
condensation on windows when the
weather is cold.
Solidification is when a liquid becomes a solid.
For example, water changes into ice at
cold temperaturas.
Chemical changes
When chemical changes accur, the composition and properties of matter change.
However, its mass stays the same. Oxidation, combustión and fermentation
are chemical changes.
Oxidation accurs when a bustance mixes with the oxygen in the air and makes
a new substance. For example, a piece of iron that stays outside becomes rusty.
These marks are iron oxide.
Combustion occurs when a material mixes with oxygen and burns. Material like
Wood paper or gasolina are combustible.
Fermentation there are Natural fermentation and Artificial fermentation.
Natural fermentation is the chemical change when food decays.
Artificial fermentation is the chemical change that people make. For
Example yogurt, wine and bread.
The brown rust on the bus is iron oxide.
Fireworks produce light, sound and some heat.
Milk ferments to become yogurt and cheese.
