Unit 1 Tell Me What Happened

RECOUNTS

Purpose : To tell the reader what happened in the past through a sequence of events.

Text Organization : Personal Recounts:

• Orientation

(who were involved in the story, when, and where)

• Events

(tell what happened in a chronological order)

• Evaluation

(comments of the writer/speaker about the experience)

• Re-orientation (optional)

(The conclusion of the experience)

Factual Recounts:

• Orientation

(who were involved in the story, when, and where)

• Events

(tell what happened in a chronological order)

Teks monolog berbentuk recount

ACTIVE LISTENING • Listen to Mike, telling his excursion to Bogor Botanic Garden

and answer the questions.

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An Excursion to Bogor Botanic Garden

All right, everybody, I’ll tell you about this great place.

On Friday 16 March we went to Bogor Botanic Garden. We went there by bus and we

arrived at that famous garden at 10 o’clock.

Arriving at the garden, we were divided into two groups. Group A followed Mrs. Nina

and Group B followed Mr. Ahmad. I was in group A. Well, first we went to odd tropical

plants and Mrs. Nina read us some of the information. Then, we looked at all the lovely

plants. After that, we went to a little spot near the Raffles cemetery and had morning tea.

Next, we did some sketching and then we met group B at the information center to have

our lunch.

Soon, it was time for us to go to the orchid section while Group B did some research

on flowers. Uhm…A lady led us to the orchid section. Then, she explained about many

kinds of Orchids.

Next, we had a look at the Indonesian orchid. Wow, we saw many kinds of Indonesian

orchids. They were all beautiful. Later, we took a look at the American, European and

Asian orchid’s section. I was interesting. Soon after we had finished our observations, we

went back outside and met group B. Then, we got on the bus and returned to school. We

really enjoyed the trip and to Bogor Botanic Garden.

Find out:

1. What is an excursion?

2. When and how did they go to Bogor Botanic Garden?

3. What time did they arrive at Bogor Botanic Garden?

4. What group did the writer follow and who was the leader?

5. Complete the following sentences:

………………….. to the odd tropical plants.

………………….. at all lovely plants.

………………….. we had morning tea.

………………….. sketching.

Then we went to ………………………..

Finally, ………………. and returned to school.

Answer Key!

1. A trip

2. On Friday, 16 March by bus

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3. At 10. o’clock

4. A, Mrs. Nina

5. Complete the following sentences

First, we went to the odd tropical plants

Then, we looked at all the lovely plants

After that, we went to a little spot near the Raffles cemetery and had morning tea.

Next, we did some sketching

Then, we went to the orchid’s section

Greetings and leave-taking

Formal greeting:

Good morning (until about lunch time, or before 12 a.m.)

Good afternoon (12-6 p.m.)

Good evening (until about 9 p.m)

Good morning, Sir.

Informal greeting: Initial greeting:

Hi, Lizzy! • How are you?

Morning, Jim! • How’s it going?

Hello. • How’s life?

Responding to initial greetings: Pre-closing:

Very well, thank you and how are you? • OK then …..

I’m good/okay/alright. • I’ve got to go now.

Very well, thank you. • So, I’ll see you next week.

Oh, pretty good. • I think I’d better be going now.

Not too bad, thanks. • Well, it’s time for me to leave.

Excellent. • I must be going home.

Closing/leave taking:

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Goodbye (formal/informal).

Bye-bye; Bye; Bye now; See you. Take care.

See you later --- Fine

See you son --- OK

See you tonight --- All right

Good night (after 8 p.m. or retiring to bed)

ACTIVE LISTENING • Listen to the cassette and fill in the blanks. Act out this

conversation.

Situation Soraya meet Adam at the cafeteria.

Soraya : Hello, Adam. How are you (1) ______________?

Adam : Fine, thanks. How are you?

Soraya : I’m very well. Thank you.

Adam : Have you (2) ____________ your lunch?

Soraya : Yes, I have.

I’d better be going, or I’ll be (3) ___________ at my office.

Goodbye, Adam.

Adam : Goodbye, Soraya. See you tomorrow.

Answer Key!

1. getting on

2. finished

3. late

Expressing feelings

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Expressing happiness : Formal Expressing happiness:

• Oh, I ‘m so happy. • Great!

• I can’t say how pleased I am. • Exciting!

• I had a splendid time there. • Fantastic!

• What a marvelous place I’ve ever seen. • Super!

• It’s an outstanding adventure. • Terrific!

• It’s an interesting experience. • Smashing! (British English)

• It’s a sensational trip. • Hey, that’s terrific/great.

Expressing boredom: Formal Expressing boredom: Informal

• I think it was boring holiday. • It’s totally boring.

• It sounds boring. • The film was awful boring.

• It’s totally/awfully boring. • How boring!

• I’m rather bored. • How unexciting!

• How boring! • I’m fed up with all your grumbling!

• I don’t think the trip was very interesting. • Dull.

• I’m fed up with it. • Not interesting.

Expressing disappointment: Formal Expressing disappointment: Informal

• That’s very disappointing. • Oh, no!

• I must say I’m really disappointed. • That’s too bad.

• It’s a great disappointment. • That’s a real shame/pity.

• That’s too bad. • Bad luck!

ENJOY THIS • Make a short conversation based on these situations.

• You have a lot of homework and you fell bored and want some refreshments.

• You failed in your driving test three times. You are reluctant to take the test again.

Answer Key!

Accept any possible answer

Example

Dialog 1

A : Oh, I am so bored. I have lots of homework. I need to fresh my mind.

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B : That’s OK just take a rest. But, don’t forget to do your homework

Dialog 2

A : Gosh, I’m so idiot. I have failed the driving test three times

B : Why don’t you try it once again. Don’t be upset

A : Yeaah..I am fed up now

Asking if someone remembers or not

Formal expressions: Ways to respond:

• I wonder if you remember …. • Let me think, yes, I remember.

• You remember …., don’t you? • I remember especially the scenery

• You haven’t forgetten …., have you? • I’ll never forget that.

• Don’t you remember ….? • I’ll always remember.

• Do you happen to remember it now? • I can remember it clearly.

Informal expression: Ways to respond:

• Remember the old house we used to live in? • Hold on. Yes, got it!

• Remember that? • I know ….

• I’m sorry I don’t remember. • It’s coming back to me now.

Response if you forget:

• Sorry, I’ve completely forgetten. • I’m afraid I have no memory of him.

• I’m afraid I forget. • Err, let me think. No, it’s gone.

• I really can’t remember. • Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

WORK IN PAIRS • Complete these conversation with the expression of

“remember/forget”. Practice the conversations with your friends.

It was Sunday morning, Poppy got dressed and bad breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for

school. Her mother was a little puzzled.

Mother : Hey…hey… are you going to school?

Poppy : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry.

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Mother : ______________________________

Poppy : Oh, my goodness. I thought it’s a school day!

Answer Key!

Mother : Do you remember what day is today?

WORK IN PAIRS • Read the following announcement. Then, have a conversation with

you friend.

You may follow this conversation.

A : Do you know who Mr. Amir Daud is?

B : Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.

A : Well, he was ____________________.

B : You mean the first editor? What happen to him?

A : Right. He _________________________.

B : Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. May ______________ always.

A : If you want to express your condolences, you may __________.

B : Where will the funeral ceremony be at? ______________.

A : Would you like to go together to the funeral ceremony?

B : Okay. We will meet later.

A : That’s a good idea.

Answer Key!

A : the first chief editor of Jakarta Post

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A : He passed away on Saturday Sept 9, 2006

B : God Almighty Bless and keep him

A : go to the funeral ceremony

B : Tanah Kusir Cemetery, South Jakarta

The subjective pronouns (be, she, I, it, they, you, we) are used for the subject of a

clause.

e.g.: • Should we help those people?

• Where did you go last week?

The objective pronouns (him, her, me, it, them, you, us) are used for the object of a

verb or a preposition.

e.g.: • Mary saw him on the street.

• John talked to her for a while.

The possessive before a noun (my, his, her, our, their, its, your) is used to show

possession.

e.g.: • This is my book. Where is your book?

The possessive after a noun (mine, his, hers, theirs, yours, ours) is also used to show

possession.

e.g.: This book is mine, but that one on the table is yours.

Notice the usage of the capital letters.

1. Capitalize names of people, places, courses, organizations, languages, and words

formed from them.

e.g: • Thomas Alfa Edison • Kuningan Street

• New York • Indonesian

• Biology 212 (the name of a course)

2. Capitalize a persons title before his/her name.

e.g: • Dr. Carlo

• Professor Sukardinn

3. Capitalize names of areas or countries.

e.g: • Indonesia • Thailand

4. Capitalize names of days, months, and holidays.

e.g: • Friday

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• Idul Fitri

5. Capitalize the first word of every sentence.

e.g: Do you speak English?

TRY THIS • Read the following text. Change the verbs into the correct past form.

Then, answer the qoestions.

Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk recount.

Punk Legend

JOHNNY RAMONE DIED

LOS ANGELES. Jhonny Ramone, a guitarist and cofounder of the seminal punk band ‘The Ramones’

(die) (1) _____ He (be) (2) ______ 55.

Ramone (die) (3) ______ in his sleep on Wednesday afternoon at his Los Angeles home surrounded

by friends and family. He (battle) (4) _______ against prostate cancer for five years and was

hospitalized in June at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Ramone, born Jhonny Cuming, was one of the

original members of ‘The Ramones’, whose hit songs I Wanna Be Sedated and Blitzkrieg Bop, among

others, (reach) (5) _______ the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002.

Jhonny Ramone (found) (6) _____ ‘The Ramones’ in 1974 with Joey Ramone, Dee Dee Ramone and

Tommy Ramone, the only surviving member of the original band.

Find out:

1. How old was Johnny Ramone when he died?

2. How long had he suffered from prostate cancer?

3. What was Johnny Ramone’s given name?

4. When was The Ramones established?

5. The Ramones consisted of four people. How many people have died? Mention

them.

6. When did Johnny Ramone die? (Mention the day and date)

7. Pay attention to the verbs in the biography of Johnny Ramone. All the verbs are

written in the past tense. Do you know why?

Answer Key!

1. died

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2. was

3. died

4. had battled

5. reached

6. founded

Find out:

1. 55

2. 5 years

3. John Cumming

4. 1974

5. 3, Johnny Ramone, Joey Ramone, DeeDee Ramone

6. on Wednesday afternoon in Los Angeles

7. It tells about the past of Johnny Ramone

Unit 2 Telling Stories (I)

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NARRATIVES

Purpose : To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experiences in

difference ways. Narratives always deal with some problems which lead to

the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem.

Text Organization • Orientation (who were involved in the story, when and where)

• Complication (a problem arises followed by other problems)

• Resolution (solution to the problem)

Fairy tales, fables, myths, tall tales belong to narratives.

Teks monolog berbentuk narrative

TRY THIS • Read the teks then, answer the questions.

The Legend of Minos, King of Crete

Once upon a time there lived a very famous king. He had a monster which was half bull and half

man. He ordered Daedalus, a craftsman from Athens, to build a labyrinth in order to house the

monster. When Daedolus finished his work, he wanted to leave Crete. But the king would not let him

go.

Daedalus escaped through the air by using wings fixed to his body with wax. He also made wings

for his son, Icarus and made him fly behind himself. But the son was so glad and excited that he soon

went too high. As he flew nearer to the Sun, it got warmer and warmer until at last the wax melted and

his body fell down into the sea near Troy. The sea is now called the Icarian Sea.

(adapted from : www.greek myth.com)

Find out:

1. Who was Daedalus?

2. What happened to him?

3. How did Daedalus escape from the king?

4. Who was Icarus? What happened to him?

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5. Do you like the story? Why/why not?

Answer Key!

1. a craftsman from Athens

2. He was ordered to build a labyrinth in order to house the monster

3. Daedalus escaped through the air by using wings fixed to his body with wax.

4. his son. He flew too high. As he flew nearer to the sun, the wax got melted

5. Yes. It’s funny

Asking for and showing attention (formal)

Asking for attention (formal):

Excuse me, I wonder if I could trouble you ……

May I have you attention, please?

Excuse me, ….

Sorry to trouble you.

Sorry to bother you.

Asking for attention (informal):

Look at me!

Look what I’ve got here.

Look here.

Look!

Hey!

Attention, please!

Excuse me!

Showing attention:

I see. • Tell me more about it.

Oh, yes. • Really?

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Mmm …. • What’s next?

Aha …. • Is that all?

How interesting! • Oh, no!

TRY THIS • Complete the following conversation, use the expressions of

asking/showing attention whenever necessary.

Dani : __________ Are you familiar with this picture?

Nano : Uhmmm, sorry ________________________

Dani : This is a Greek god called Atlas. He is always described holding up the earth and

the sky.

Nano : _______________________.

Dani : Do you know that he held the earth and the sky as a punishment from the Greek

chief god, Zeus?

Nano : No, I don’t know about that.

_____________________________.

Dani : Well, Atlas was the son of Titan, a Greek god and the sea nymph, Clymene.

Nano : _______________________________.

Dani : Then one day Atlas and the other Titan gods rebelled against Zeus and the other

Olympian Gods and goddesses.

Nano : _______________________________?

Dani : No, the war was unsuccessful.

Nano : Wow! The war must have been _______________?

Dani : Then, Zeus punished Atlas by forcing him to stand and support the sky and the

earth on his shoulder forever.

Nano : ______________________________.

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Dani : And according to the myth, Atlas stood in the northwest region of what is now

called Africa.

Nano : ______________________________.

Answer Key!

Hey

I see

Tell me more about it

Mmm…

Was the war successful?

great

Oh!

That’s a good story

Inviting someone

Offering an invitation:

I’d like you to come to dinner.

I’d like to ask you to come swimming.

Would you like to go to the theater with me on Saturday night?

How about going to the football match with me tomorrow afternoon?

Accepting an invitation:

Thank you, I’d be glad to go.

Yes, thank you. I’d be happy to go.

Thank you so much for inviting me.

Let’s meet at the school canteen.

Yes. I’d love to.

Sure.

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Great.

All right.

Declining an invitation:

I’m so sorry, I’ll be very busy tomorrow night.

I’m afraid that’s not too good for me, what about after lunch?

ENJOY THIS • Listen to the following conversation and fill in the blanks. Then,

complete the sentences in the following page.

Geppetto : Hello Geppetto speaking.

The Good Fairy : Hello, Geppetto, this is The Good Fairy from Fun Island. How are you

doing at the puppet school?

Geppetto : The Good Fairy! How nice to hear from you. I’m fine, (1) ______, (2)

______ how are you?

The Good Fairy : Good. Look, I’m coming over in April for Pinnochio’s birthday. Are you

going to prepare a special party for him?

Geppetto : Well, I don’t think I can afford to give him a party, but there will be a

small dinner with his friends.

The Good Fairy : That will do. I’m sure he’ll be happy.

Geppetto : By the way, I (3) ______ you can come and meet me soon to arrange the

party.

The Good Fairy : Sure. Uhm, the party will be on April 23ʳ N (4) ______ so, (5) _______

meeting at the “Super” café at 12.30 on April 22ᵑ N?

Geppetto : Just a minute. I’ll check my diary. (6) _______ that’s not good for me.

Why don’t we meet on April 21ˢ T , before lunch at the “Super Mall”? It’s

small dinner but there will probably be a lot of things to buy. That’s why I

prefer one stop shopping. What do you say?

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The Good Fairy : (7) _______, that’s possible. You mean we’ll have lunch together before

shopping?

Geppetto : Right.

The Good Fairy : Good idea. OK, let’s say at 11.00 on April 21ˢ T, at the “Super Mall.” If you

get delayed, you can always call me.

Geppetto : All right. See you there. Thanks for phoning. Bye.

The Good Fairy : Bye.

Answer Key!

1. thanks

2. and you

3. hope

4. at 7. p.m.

5. will have the

6. No, I ‘m afraid I can’t

7. Yes

Expressing sympathy

Offering condolences:

I’m sorry

I’m sorry to hear about your uncle.

Let me offer my condolences.

Let me tell you how sorry I am to hear about your grandmother.

I know how you must feel.

You most feel terrible about losing your brother like that.

Responding to condolences:

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Thank you

That’s very kind of you

There’s nothing that can be done about it.

It’s God’s will, I suppose.

God gives and God takes Away.

That’s life.

ENJOY THIS • Listen to Belle, expressing her sympathy in a letter of condolence. Fill

in the blanks. Then, underline any sympathy expression used in the

letter.

Jayapura Street 25

Yogyakarta

25 June 2005

(1) ____________________Mr. Indian,

I have just learned of the (2) _______________ of Tommy, your beloved pet. I share

the grief that you are going through at this moment and convey my heartfelt condolences.

(3) _______________ do not hesitate to write and tell me if I can be of any (4)

_____________ to you in this hour of sorrow.

Sincerely yours,

Belle

Answer Key!

1. Dear

2. death

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3. Please

4. Help

Expression of sympathy :

I share the grief that you are going through at this moment and convey my heartfelt

condolences.

Relative pronoun

They are used in sentences to identify certain nouns.

e.g: • There was once a woman.

(What woman? Which woman? What kind of woman?)

• There was once a woman who wanted to have a child. ( It is clearer now)

People Things

Subject Who (that) That (which)

Object That(whom) ------

Possessive Whose Of which (whose)

TRY THIS • Fill in the blanks spaces with who, whom, which, or whose.

1. In 1886 Schliemann, ____________ had dug out the ruins of Troy, came to the

island of Crete.

2. My uncle, _____________ you met the other day, has recently written a book on

Indian Art.

3. Miss Suzuki, ____________ songs are very popular among young people, will give

a concert in our town next Saturday evening.

Answer Key!

1. who

2. whom

3. whose

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The verb in the table below refer to the intellect or senses of living things. They refer to the

mental processes.

Mental/Thinking verbs Feeling verbs Verbs of senses

think love see

understand enjoy notice

assume hate observe

conclude dislike feel

discover regret smell

consider fear taste

doubt like watch

believe prefer hear

listen

Example:

There was once a little fly who thought he was very important.

He felt proud of himself. (thinking verb, feeling verb)

The fly saw a bull grazing in the field. (verb of senses)

Adverbs normally follow the pattern manner, place, time.

e.g.: • The dog took the bone quickly from the market yesterday.

Adverb of manner adverb of place adverb of time

TRY THIS • Read the following fable. Find the thinking, feeling, and saying verbs and

the verbs of senses. Write them in the table provided.

A GREEDY DOG

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A dog was feeling very proud of himself. He had found a big, juicy bone at the market. He

quickly carried it in his mouth and ran off to find a place to eat it.

He came to a stream which had very clear water. He started to walk across it,

talking his own sweet time. He was thinking what a wonderful time he would have when he

could eat the whole juicy bone, all by himself.

Suddenly he stopped and looked down into the water. He saw a dog there looking

back at him, also with a bone in his mouth. He did not know he was looking at himself.

He said to himself, “That dog’s bone looks bigger than mine. I’ll grap his bone and

run away as fast as I can!”

1. Thinking verb

2. Feeling verbs

3. Verbs of senses

4. Saying verbs

Answer Key!

1. Thinking

2. feeling

3. saw, look

4. said

FIRST CHALLENGE • While you read the following fable, listen and pay attention to

the intonation of the story teller. Then answer the following questions.

THE FLY AND THE BULL

There was once a little fly who thought he was very important. He felt proud of himself. One

sunny morning, he flew around looking for someone to talk to. He saw a bull grazing in a

field. He decided to fly down to talk to him.

The little fly flew down and buzzed around the bull’s head. The bull did not bother

him. He went on chewing grass.

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The fly then buzzed right inside the bull’s ear. The bull continued chewing grass.

The fly thought, “What a stupid animal!”

Now the fly decide to land on one of the bull’s horns to make the bull notice him. He

waited for the bull to say something, but the bull kept quite.

The fly then shouted angrily, “Oh, Bull, if you find that I am too heavy for you, let

me know and I’ll fly away!”

The bull laughed and said, “Little fly, I don’t care if you stay or leave. You are so

tiny that your weight does not make any difference to me, so please be quite and leave me

alone.”

Find out:

1. Where and when did the story happen?

2. Who were involved in the story?

3. What problem did the fly have?

4. How did he overcome his problem?

5. Then what happened to the bull?

6. What is the message of the story?

7. What do you call a story that talks about animals which can speak like humans?

Answer Key!

Find out

1. in a field, one sunny morning

2. the fly and the bull

3. the fly was too proud of himself

4. he buzzed the bull

5. the bull ignored him

6. Don’t be arrogant

7. fable

Unit 3 Following Instructions

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PROCEDURE

Purpose To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions or

directions.

Text Organization • Goal (the final purpose of doing the instructions)

• Materials (ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions)

• Steps (a set of instructions to achieve the final purpose)

Offering

Offering to older people:

Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Jeffry?

Should I get you a bottle of water?

Could I offer you a glass of lemonade, Mrs. Poppy?

Would you care for some salad?

Offering to friends: Less formal expressions:

Want some? • Would you like to have a pancake?

Have some? • Why don’t you have some lemonade?

Chocolate? • What can I get for you?

Glass of lemonade? • What will you have?

Grab some for yourself.

Declining an offer :

No, thanks.

No, I really won’t, thank you.

Not for me thanks.

No, thanks. I’m not hungry.

Accepting an offer :

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Thank you. • That would be very nice.

Yes, please. • Thank you, I would.

I’d like it very much.

ENJOY THIS • Work in groups of three. Play these roles.

Student A, student B and student C are visiting you at home. Offer them something to eat

and drink. If anyone declines an offer, try offering him/her something else.

Answer Key!

Accept any possible answer

You : Hi, guys. What’s up. Take a seat. Would you like something to drink? Tea, coffee

or syrup?

A : I want a glass of syrup

B : No…I don’t

You : How about mineral water?

B : Yes…

C : and I a cup of tea

You : Guys, you like pepperoni pizza?

A,B,C : yes…

Teks monolog berbentuk procedure

TRY THIS • Listen to Mike talking about how to make a cheese omelet. Then, answer

the questions.

Have you ever eaten a cheese omelette? Do you know how to make a Cheese Omelette? No? Would

you like me to tell it for you? Okay. This is the way. Listen to me.

To make a Cheese Omelet, you should prepare ingredients such as one egg, 50 grams of cheese,

uhm... ¼ cup of milk, three tablespoons of cooking oil, uhm...what else ....? Oh, yeah, a pinch of salt

and don’t forget some pepper. Now, to make a Cheese Omelet, you will need some kitchen utensils

like a frying pan, a fork, a whisk, a spatula, uhm..... a cheese grater ...and a bowl and of course ....a

plate. Okay? Are you following me ? Right! Let me tell you how to make it.

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First, crack an egg into a bowl like this. Then whisk the egg with a fork until it is smooth. After

that, add some milk and whisk well. Grate the cheese into the bowl and stir. Next, heat the oil in a

frying pan, and pour the mixture into the frying pan. Then, turn the omelet with a spatula when it

browns. See, like this. Okay, next cook both sides. After the omelet is done, place it on a plate, don’t

forget to season it with salt and pepper and you can eat it while warm. It’s easy, isn’t it? Bon appetite!

Find out:

1. What kitchen utensils do you need to make an omelet?

2. Mention some ingredients you must prepare to make an omelet?

3. Approximately, how many steps does it take to make a cheese omelet?

4. Where do you think the monolog probably took place?

5. In your opinion, was Mike reading a text while making the omelet or was he

speaking directly while making the omelet?

6. Is the text above spoken or written language? Is it interactive or not?

7. What do you call this kind of text?

8. Who are the listeners?

Answer Key!

1. a frying pan, a fork, a whisk, a spatula, a cheese grater and a bowl and a plate.

2. one egg, 50 grams of cheese, ¼ cup of milk, three tablespoons of cooking oil, a

pinch of salt and some pepper.

3. eight steps approximately

4. on TV, cooking session.

5. He was speaking directly while making the omelet

6. Spoken, yes

7. procedure

8. mothers, cooks, chefs

Sentence connectors

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The bold words above are called sentence connectors. They are used for telling actions in

order (showing someone how to do something or to make things or showing the order of

instructions).

First of all __________ Meanwhile ______________

Then ______________ Make sure you ___________

Next _______________ Be careful not to __________

After that ___________ Remember to _____________

Finally _____________ Don’t forget to ____________

TRY THIS • Complete the paragraphs using the sentence connectors in order.

How to boil an egg

Do you know how to boil an egg? Well, this is the way ___________. (1) heat a saucepan of

water on the stove. __________ (2) put the egg in the boiling water. ____________ (3) heat

it until it boils. ___________ (4) cook it for three minutes. _________ (5) leave the egg until

it cools. Now, the egg is ready to serve. __________ (6) serve it with pepper powder and

salt.

Answer Key!

Accept any possible answer

1. first

2. then

3. next

4. then

5. remember

6. Finally

Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk notice

LET’S TALK • Read the following notice and answer the questions.

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ROOM 1036

When Checking Out :

o Check out by 12: 00 noon

o Be sure to take all your personal belongings

o Leave your key at the front desk

o Ask for the bill and pay at the cashier’s desk

In Case of Fire :

Go to the nearest FIRE ALARM box and pull alarm. Fire

extinguishers are available next to each fire alarm box.

Do not use elevators

Follow signs to the nearest EMERGENCY EXIT in order to

evacuate the building

Hotel Manager

Find out:

1. Where can you find this type of notice?

2. Can you leave your room at 1:00 p.m.? Why/why not?

3. What should you do before you leave your room?

4. Where can you get your bill?

5. In case of fire, can you use an elevator?

6. What should you do when a fire happens?

7. What are the fire extinguishers used for?

Answer Key!

1. hotel, inn, motel

2. no, you should check out by 12.00 noon

3. take all the belongings and leave the key at the front desk.

4. in cashier desk

5. no, I can’t

6. pull the fire alarm

7. to stop burning

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Imperative

In a procedure, it is common to use the simple present tense in the form of imperative,

must, and mustn’t. Imperative sentences are used to tell people how to do things or give

instructions. To do so, start instructions with the infinitive.

e.g. : check ….

collect ….

buy ….

In addition, it is also a common practice to use sentence connectors (e.g: one, two, first,

then, next, finally, etc.) in a procedure.

Very polite

commands

Polite Commands Simple Commands Negative

Commands

Would you go

away, please?

Would you

take this

letter, please?

Would you

clean the

shoes, please

Would you

eat quickly,

please?

Go away,

please.

Sign this

letter, please.

Clean the

shoes, please.

Eat quickly,

please.

Go away.

Sign this

letter.

Clean the

shoes.

Eat quickly.

Don’t go

away.

Don’t sign

this letter.

Don’t clean

the shoes.

Don’t eat

quickly.

Must and Mustn’t

Must is used to say that something is necessary to be done. Whereas mustn’t (i.e.

must not) is used to say that something is not allowed to be done.

e.g.: You must go now or you’ll be late.

WORK IN PAIRS • Fill in the blanks spaces with must or mustn’t.

27

Before you board a plane, you (1) __________ show your boarding card. You (2) ________

fasten your seatbelt during take-off, landing, and during the flight when the sign is lit up.

Passengers (3) _________

Use cell phone on board. You (4) _________ use the toilet during take-off or landing, and

you (5) _______ smoke in the toilet at any time. Passengers (6) _________ smoke in the

non-smoking area.

After landing, you (7) ________ stay in your seat until the aircraft has come to a

standstill.

Answer Key!

1. must

2. must

3. mustn’t

4. mustn’t

5. mustn’t

6. mustn’t

7. must

YOUR CHALLENGE • Read the following text about how to play the hole game. Then,

Answer the questions.

Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk procedure

THE HOLE GAME

Materials needed

Two players, one marble per person, a hole

in ground, a line (distance) to start from.

Steps

You must dub (click marbles together)

You must check that the marbles are

in good condition and are nearly worth the same value.

Dig a hole in the ground and draw a line

a fair distance away from the hole.

The first player carefully throws his or her marble towards the hole.

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Then the second player tries to throw his or her marble

closer to the hole than his or her opponent.

The player whose marble is closest to the hole

tries to flick his / her marble into the hole.

If successful, this player tries to flick his or her opponent’s marble

into the hole. The person flicking the last marble

into the hole wins and gets to keep both marbles

Find out:

1. What does the text tell us about?

2. How many players are involved in the game?

3. What important thing is used in the game?

4. How many steps are there in the instruction?

5. How can a player win the game?

Answer Key!

1. how to play the hole game

2. 2

3. one marble for one person

4. six

5. The person flicking the last marble into the hole wins and gets to keep both marbles.

29

Unit 4 Telling Stories (II)

NARRATIVES

Purpose Like myths and legends, short stories are narratives because they are

concerned with talking about the evens. Other examples of narrative

writing are novels. cartoon strips, and picture books.

Text Organization • An orientation (beginning)

It consists of:

a. a setting

b. characters

c. a plot

• A complication (middle)

• A resolution (ending)

Essential patterns of direct and indirect speech

Direct speech Indirect Speech with the introductory

verb past tense

Imperative (positive)

Go away.

Bring me book.

Imperative (negative)

Don’t do that.

Don’t clean it yourself.

He told me to go away.

She asked her to bring him a book.

He asked me (her, us, etc) not to do it.

He told me not clean myself.

Statement

I am very sorry.

I lost my temper yesterday.

He said that he was very sorry.

He told me that he had lost his temper the

day before.

`WH` questions He asked her where she was going.

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Where are you going?

How did you do this?

Yes/no questions

Are tiu enjoying yourself?

Can you hear me?

I wanted to know how you had done that.

He asked me if/whether I was enjoying

myself.

She wanted to know if/whether I was could

hear her.

Exclamations

What a lovely house!

Hello! Where are you going?

Oh dear! I’ve torn my skirt.

She remarked what a lovely house it was.

He greeted me and asked me where I was

going.

She exclaimed saldy that she had torn her

skirt.

TRY THIS • Change the following sentences into reported speech with an introductory

verb in the past tense.

1. “So, what is the smile for? Something funny?”, she asked me fiercely.

2. “You seem preetier when you’re angry ….”, I answered.

3. “You’re crazy!!”, she cried.

4. “I know I’m crazy. But do you know who makes me crazy? Who makes me like

this?”.

5. “You do!” I said firmly.

6. “I’ve never seen you cry before, Lina”.

7. “Tom, I don’t mean to hurt you …”, she said nervously.

8. “I see, you are a nice girl. Stop crying please.”

9. “Okay, Lina. We can meet again at school tomorrow …”

10. “Wait a minute, Tom!”, Lina stopped me.

Answer Key!

1. She asked me fiercely what the smile was for and whether something was funny

2. He said that I seemed prettier when I was angry

3. She said that I was crazy

4. She said that she knew that she was crazy but she asked me whether I knew who

made her crazy and who made her like that.

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5. She said firmly that I did it

6. She said that she had never seen me cry before

7. She said that she didn’t mean to hurt me

8. He said that she knew that I was a nice girl. He told me to stop crying.

9. She said that we could meet again at school the next day

10. Lina told me to wait for minute.

Expressing thanks

Expressing gratitude:

Thanks you. • I thanks you .

Thanks. • I’m very much obliged to you.

Thanks you very much. • Thanks you for you kindness.

Many thanks. • Thanks you for everything.

Thanks a lot. • Thanks for (your help).

Showing gratitude when refusing:

Thanks anyway.

No, thanks you.

No, thanks.

TRY THIS • Read and listen to these conversations carefully. Pay attention to their

intonation. Then underline the expressions of showing gratitude.

Conversation 1

A : Hello, John Smith speaking.

B : Hello. This is Poppy Jones. May I speak to your sister?

A : She just stepped out. I think she’s next door. I can call her if you like.

B : No, thank you. I’ll phone again later. Good-bye.

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A : Good-bye.

1. Where are they? Are they at the same place?

2. How do they get in touch?

Conversation 2

A : Excuse me, but cab you tell me how to get to the museum?

B : I’m afraid I don’t know, I’m new here myself.

A : I see. T hanks anyway.

B : Sorry I can’t help you.

3. Where are the speakers?

4. Do they know each others very well? How do you know?

Answer Key!

Conversation 1

1. at their house, no

2. by phone

→ No. thank you

Conversation 2

3. on the road

4. no, the first speaker asks some information to the second speaker and the language

used is formal.

→Thanks anyway

Teks monolog berbentuk narrative

FIRST CHALLENGE • Listen to the following. Then, answer the questios.

33

I Did Not Mean To Hurt You

“Hello … Yustita!” Lucy’s voice surprised me. Why not? She never comes so early like this

morning. She usually comes a few minutes before the bell rings.

“Hi! What is wrong? You don’t look yourself today. Why did you come so early today?”

“My father gave me a lift. By the way,. have you heard anything about “Elsa?”

“What is the matter with her?” I asked. ”Haven’t you heard? Everyone at school has,” she

replied.

“What is it? Would you tell me, please?” I begged her.

“O.K., She is falling in love with Iwan. Don’t you know? She is your classmate, isn’t she?”

“You are kidding! I can’t believe it is true. As far as I know, she is a calm girl. But… how about

Iwan’s response?” I asked her .

“Wow …. I don’t know. Please ask him yourself. Iwan and you belong to the same volleyball

club, don’t you? But I think he pays no special attention to her. Since … He loves somebody

else,” she replied.

“Who is she?” I asked.

“Well …. You’d better to ask him yourself. The bell will be ringing soon,” she answered

hurriedly and ran to her classroom.

Lucy is not my classmate. She is in the IPA (science) department while I am in the language

department.

The break finally ended. One by one, my friends entered the classroom. It was very noisy in the

classroom. The teacher was absent and there was no special assignment.

“Tita … Are you going to play volleyball this afternoon?” Elsa asked.

“Yes, what can I do for you?”

“I want to give this letter to Iwan. Will you help me give it to him?” Elsa begged me.

“Yes, I will. Believe me. I am as good as Mr. Postman,” I said with a smile.

“Thanks a lot for your help.”

“No problem.”

In the afternoon, I met Iwan in the volleyball court. He was smiling when I approached him.

“Iwan ….”, I called.

“Yes, what is wrong?” he came to me with a smile.

“Here is a letter for you,” I said while handing it to him.

“Who is it from?” Iwan requested.

“Please read it yourself,” I said.

“Well, is it from your close friend?”

“Right,” I replied shortly.

Iwan was smiling when he looked at me. I was a bit annoyed by his smile.

A week had passed when Elsa came to me and asked about her letter.

“How about the letter?” I wonder why he hasn’t answered it yet.”

“I’m afraid I don’t know. I haven’t met him for a week. But I promise that I will ask about it as

34

soon as I meet him.”

“Don’t forget it, Tita”.

One evening Iwan dropped by my house to return a book which he borrowed a few days before.

“Iwan, have you answered Elsa letter I gave you a few days ago?”

“Sorry, … I have had no time to write it. I’d rather say … I don’t love her, but I do love someone

else,” he replied.

“May I know who?”

“Well, you will know everything soon. Sorry, …. I must be off now. Give my best regards to

your parents. See you tomorrow.”

“Yes, I will. See you”.

When I was studying that evening, I found a letter in the book which Iwan returned. I was really

very surprised when I read it ….

Oh my God! What should I do? Do I like him?

Maybe, but how about Elsa? She is my classmate and my good friend. It hurts to know this. Oh,

no …. I will not do it. And tomorrow I will tell him. I must find time to say it.

Iwan … I don’t mean to hurt you. I can’t love you. Please don’t hate me. Let’s be friends till the

end of time, but don’t love me.

I can’t do that, you know. Oh God, help me explain it to him. I really don’t know what

I will do if I meet Elsa tomorrow.

Dear Yustita Indriani,

Thanks a lot of your kindness. But I am very sorry to let you know that I do not love

your friend.

If you really want to know the girl who I like the best, her name is YUSTITA

INDRIANI, the one who is reading this letter now.

Yes, Tita, I do love you. I have wanted to say it to you directly, but you never gave me a

chance to do so.

Well, I’m waiting for your answer, dear.

With love,

Iwan Pradita

(Adapted from: Hello English Magazine, 132)

Find out:

1. What kind of short story is it?

2. Does the title seize your attention? How does it relate to the story?

3. How does the beginning of the story make your interested?

4. Where does the story take place?

5. Who are the characters? Are they true to life?

35

6. What is the story about?

7. Is the story interesting or exciting?

8. Is the ending of the story a surprise? Were the problem solved?

9. Who is telling the story? Is it a character in the story or an observer?

Answer Key!

1. Love story

2. Yes. It shows the content of the story

3. Using direct speech

4. School and home

5. Yustita, Iwan and Elsa

6. Love

7. Interesting

8. Yes. No

9. The character of the story

36

Unit 5 What Does It Look Like?

DESCRIPTION

Purpose to describe a particular person/thing

Text Organization • Identification (mention the name, occupation, profession

and career)

• Description (mention the physical features, the way he/she

dresses and his/her personality)

Linking Verbs

A linking verb connects a noun or pronoun with words that identify or describe the noun or

pronoun.

Many linking verbs are forms of the verbs be.

e.g.: • I am a student.

• His paws are strong.

• Volvo is a pomeranian dog.

• The house was on the hill.

• The books were on the table.

Beside to be, there are other linking verbs.

e.g.: • Volvo appears happy when he sees his master.

• The Doberman dog seems fierce.

• The dog’s barking sounds very noisy.

37

• The cat is becoming fatter and fatter.

• The horse looked really tired.

• The milk tastes so sweet.

TRY THIS • Change these sentences using another linking verbs. Number one has been

done for you.

1. Browny has large black eyes. Browny’s eyes are large and black.

2. Tweety is fatter than the other birds. Tweety looks _____________.

3. There is a flower horn on Mars’s head. Mars ______________ on her head.

4. BB’s hooked beak is so powerful. ______________.

5. Volvo has grayish-white fur. BB’s has ______________.

6. BB’s feathered crest is colorful and stiff. BB’s _____________ appear

___________.

7. Ganky is a funny rabbit with two long ears. Ganky is a funny rabbit that

___________.

Answer Key!

1. -

2. Tweety looks bigger

3. Mars has a flower on her head

4. BB’s hooked beak looks so powerful

5. BB’s has white fur

6. BB’s feathered crest appears colorful and stiff

7. Ganky is a funny rabbit that has two long ears

Subject + Verb + Object + Proper Noun

Pay attention to these sentence:

I call my rabbit Browny.

I named my dog VOLVO.

38

I consider my cockatoo to be one of the most wonderful species of birds.

Teks monolog berbentuk descriptive

FIRST CHALLENGE • Listen to the cassette and fill in the blanks.

Do you like birds ? Do you have one at home? I have one. It’s a cockatoo. It’s the most

(1)________ bird I have ever had. I call it BB.

Well, BB is originally (2)________ to Philippines. BB has a stiff feathered crest and

(3)________ hooked beak. Her body size lies between 30 and 32 centimeters. You see,

BB is a (4)_________ cockatoo. She is clever at mimicking a human’s (5)________. She

can say, “Good morning. How are you today?” or sing “Twinkle, twinkle Little Stars”.

She (6)________ very loudly when she is (7)_________. Everybody finds her

(8)__________. BB has (9)__________ feathers. She has blue feathers with bright

markings. The combination of blue, orange and pink makes her look cute. You know

what, she can (10)__________ up two ears of corn every day and she drinks a lot of

water.

Find out:

1. What is BB?

2. What does it look like?

3. Is she a clever cockatoo? How do you know?

4. What does she eat?

5. Where does the bird come from?

6. How big is BB?

7. What is the speaker’s purpose in this spoken text?

Answer Key!

1. beautiful

2. native

3. powerful

4. clever

39

5. speech

6. whistles

7. cheerful

8. amusing

9. wonderful

10. finish

Find out:

1. It’s a cockatoo

2. BB has a stiff feathered crest and powerful hooked beak.

3. BB is a clever cockatoo. She is clever at mimicking a human’s speech.

4. Two ears of corn every day

5. BB is originally native to Philippines

6. Her body size lies between 30 and 32 centimeters.

7. To describe BB

The following groups of words and phrases contain characteristics for a general description.

Look over them.

Complexion fair, dark

e.g.: • Whitney has dark complexion but Julia has a fair

complexion.

• Whitney is dark-skinned but Julia is fair-skinned.

Height Tall, short, of average height, of medium height.

e.g.: • Tony is tall but Peter is medium height.

• Fanny is not short but she is average height.

Age Old, young, elderly, middle-aged, older than his/her age,

younger than his/her age

e.g.: • Paul is a 24 years old but he looks older than his age.

• I’m 35 and my brother is 30, but I look younger than

my brother.

• My aunt, Betty is an elderly woman.

40

• My aunt is 30 years old, but she always appears

younger.

Build/Figure Small, tiny, diminutive, big, stocky, stout, muscular,

straight, bent, skinny, slim, slender, slight, plump, fat,

obese, straight

e.g.: • The soldier’s body is straight and muscular.

• The old woman has a diminutive and bent body.

Looks Attractive, beautiful, great looking, charming, pretty, cute,

cool, sexy, homely, plain, unattractive, ugly

e.g.: • Jessica looks beautiful with her red lips.

• Adam is a cute and cool young man.

TRY THIS • Fill in the blanks with the appropriate compound adjectives. Number one

has been done for you.

1. Agni was so bright-eyed when she heard that she was nominated as the best student

of the year.

2. Mr. Adam always appear neat with his ________________ because he always

shaves every two days.

3. As a sportsman, Alex is ________________.

4. Mr. Donny is no longer young. He is _________________ man.

5. She really looks beautiful in her __________________.

6. Susan’s hair is no longer _________________. She is coloring it

________________.

Answer Key!

Accept any possible answer

2. clean-shaven chin

3. a good shaped body

4. middle-aged

5. wavy-hair

6. blonde-hair, pitched black-hair

Expressing compliments:

41

Expressing compliments: Responding to compliments:

That’s a lovely cake. • Thank you.

That was a nice linch. • I’m glad you enjoyed it.

You look good in that dress. • Thank. Do you really think so?

What a lovely garden. • Thank you very much. It’s nice of you to

say so.

You’re really a good cook. • I’m glad you like it.

You’ve done a great job. • Thanks a lot.

You did it very well.

Well done.

You’re doing just fine.

You’re doing great.

TRY THIS • Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks.

Anisa : Wow! That’s a (1) _______________ dress, Poppy. Is it new?

Poppy : Yes, it is. (2) _________________.

Anisa : The color the model (3) _________________ on you.

Poppy : Oh, do you really think so? I am really fond of this dress.

Anisa : Did you make it yourself?

Poppy : Certainly not, Anis. My aunt gave it to me as a birthday gift.

Anisa : Dis she? What a (4) ________________ you have!

Answer Key!

1. lovely

2. Thank you.

3. look nice

4. good aunt

Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk descriptive

42

FIRST CHALLENGE • Read and answer the questions.

Debby Putti is a model from Surabaya. Now she is a student of State Senior High School 71

Surabaya. Debby is the first daughter of Mr. Fajar Putti and Mrs. Ana Karaeng. Debby becomes a

famous model when she won the competition of Teenage Model 2005 and YTV Jrang-Jreng 2004.

Debby is brown -skinned. She is tall and slender. She is 17 years old. Debby has wavy, short,

black hair, a pointed nose and rather big ears. Her face is oval and her cheeks are dimpled

when she smiles.

Debby is an attractive girl in her blue jeans. She likes wearing a cotton jacket

and a T-shirt. She always wants to feel relaxed. She is neat and well- dressed.

Debby is a cheerful and friendly girl. Everybody likes her because she is humorous and creative

girl. She gets on well with other people and she never forces her opinion to others. But sometimes

Debby is short-tempered when she loses her needful things.

Her hobbies are cooking Japanese food, shopping and singing. Debby has a beautiful voice and

her favorite singer is Kris Dayanti.

Find out:

1. What does the text talk about?

2. What is Debby’s profession?

3. How did she become famous?

4. What is her complexion?

5. The way she dressed shows that she is an …. Person!

6. Mention her positive and negative traits.

Answer Key!

1. Debby Putti

2. mode

3. She won the competition of Teenage Model 2005 and YTV Jrang Jreng 2004

4. brown-skinned

5. easy going

6. (+) cheerful, humorous, creative

(-) short-temper

Unit 6 What a Beautiful Place!

43

DESCRIPTION

Purpose to describe a particular place

Text organization: • Identification (mention the special participant)

• Description

(mention the part, quality, and characteristic of the subject being described)

Teks monolog berbentuk descriptive

ACTIVE LISTENING • Listen to a student talking about her school. Fill in the blanks.

Let me tell you about my school. My school is located in (1)_______ Street. It is near the

(2)_______. It is one of the (3)_______ schools in our town. Uhm…My school is not

(4)________. The (5)________ is in front of the school building. Oh yes, I almost forget, it has a

(6)________ at the back and 27 large classrooms to study. There is a large (7)________ in the

middle. two toilets, one for males and the other for females. And of course, it has 3 (8)_________

for chemistry, biology, and physics. The school building consists of (9)__________, upper

classrooms and lower classrooms. (10)________ is the students’ most favorite place. That’s all

about my school.

Answer Key!

1. Mahakam

2. Mall

3. best

4. too big

5. yard

6. canteen

7. basketball field

8. laboratories

9. two-stair-classroom

10. the canteen

44

Asking for information: Guessing:

I’d like to know . . . . • I’d say . . . .

I’m interested in . . . . • Could it be . . . .

Could you tell me . . . . ? • Perhaps it’s . . . .

Do you know . . . . ? • I think it’s . . . .

Could you find out . . . . ? • It looks like . . . .

Could I ask . . . . ? • It’s difficult to say, but I’d guess . . . .

Do you happen to know . . . . ?

Right or wrong:

Correct Wrong

• That’s not. • No, I’m afraid.

• right • Not quite.

• Right. • You’re close.

• OK. • I don’t know.

• Yes. • I’m not sure.

• Exactly!

When you are surprised:

Really!

Are you joking?

Oh?

Where? Show me.

I can’t see that.

Goodness!

What?

Thinking verbs are processes of sensing: feeling, thinking, and perceiving

Feeling : like, dislike, hate, love, please

Thinking : think, agree, assume, puzzle

Perceiving : see, watch, hear, notice, smell

Study the following sentences.

Mark likes his new car.

I don’t understand this question.

I smell the roses in garden.

Nice clothes pleases Jack.

45

Sometimes we use more than one adjective to describe something. We can use

both fact adjectives and opinion adjectives.

Opinion adjectives go before fact adjectives.

opinion fact

A beautiful silky dress

An interesting young lady

An expensive large round wooden table

Expressing location

Useful phrases to express location:

To face (is facing, faces)

To be opposite (is opposite, are opposite)

On, at, in

Under, beneath

Over, on top of

At the top of, on the site of, at the bottom of

Inside

Outside

Beside, next to, near, in between

In back of, in the middle of, in front of

(to)(on) the left (of),(to)(on) the right (of)

Across from

(at)(on) the corner of

To be located (is located)

To be situated (is situated)

To lie (lies, lie)

ENJOY THIS • Practice the following conversation with a friend.

Bunga : Excuse me. Is there anyone here who is good at geography?

46

Panca : Well, maybe I could help.

Bunga : Oh, thanks. I’m trying to find Darwin this map of Australia.

Panca : Let me have a look. Darwin … Darwin. Oh, there you are. It’s in the north.

Bunga : Oh, how foolish I am. I thought it was in the south.

Panca : Yeah, it’s somewhere in the Northern Territory. It faces the Pacific ocean.

Bunga : You’re right. Thanks a lot.

Find out:

1. What are they talking about?

2. What city are they looking for?

3. Why couldn’t Bunga find Darwin?

4. Where exactly is the location of Darwin?

Answer Key!

1. They are talking about finding a place by map

2. they are looking for Darwin

3. She thought that it was in North

4. Darwin is somewhere in the Northern Territory. It faces the Pacific Ocean

Relating verbs

Relating verbs involve states of being and having. They are used identify something

(identifying) or to assign a quality to something (attributive).

Attributive Identifying

47

Be become go

Get turn grow

Keep stay remain

Look appear seem

Smell taste feel

Sound end up turn out

Last weigh concern

Cost has belong to

Need require

Be become equal

Add up to play act as

Call mean define

Represent spell express

Form give constitute

Imply stand for symbolize

Realize indicate signify

Be taken take up span

Resemble occupy own

Include involve contain

Comprise provide cause

Pay attention to the italic words:

My school has five canteens.

The canteen is beside the music room.

The parking area for students looks very clean.

TRY THIS • Fill in the blanks spaces in the following text with suitable relating verbs.

Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen. I’m Christhoper, your guide on this “Karimunjawa

Beach National park” trip.

Ladies and Gentlemen, Karimunjawa Beach National park (1)___________ one of the best

tourist resorts in Central Java. It (2)__________ to Jepara Regency.

Karimunjawa island (3)__________ of 27 island, rich in flora and fauna under the sea water.

Karimunjawa (4)___________ about 83 kilometers from the west of Kartini beach, Jepara.

Karimunjawa (5)___________ a shark preservation. We can also see Dewandaru trees

(6)___________ around the islands.

Answer Key!

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1. is

2. belongs

3. consist

4. is

5. has

6. live

Noun Phrases

Pay attention to the underlined parts. They are noun phrases.

They may perform all nominal functions such as:

Subject

Examples: 1. My father’s car was made in 1986.

2. The new one must have a sink on the left.

Object of verb

Examples: 1. You mean the capital city of Bosnia.

2. It has a big dent.

Object of a preposition

Examples: 1. Below the sink is a row of large counters.

2. What is next to the big counters?

Subjective complement

Examples: 1. To the right of the sink is a big counter.

2. Is it the largest city in Bosnia?

Expressing congratulations

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Expressions of congratulations:

Congratulations!

Congratulations on your promotion.

May I congratulate you on winning the contest?

I must congratulate you on your success.

Please accept my warmest congratulations on your wedding day.

I congratulate you on your being admitted in one of the favorite senior high school

in our district.

Please accept my heartiest congratulations.

Responses to congratulations:

Thanks!

Thank you.

Thank you very much.

TRY THIS • Complete the dialog with congratulating expressions.

Mr. Jackson : Well. Mr. Simon, ______________ on the opening of your new branch

office.

Mr. Simon : Oh, ______________, Mr. Jackson. I’m glad you could come. I really

appreciate it.

Mr. Jackson : Thank you, by the way, how many branches do you have now, Mr. Simon?

Mr. Simon : Uhm … four altogether. This is the fourth one.

Mr. Jackson : Well, you’ve done a great job, Mr. Simon. ______________ once again

and all the best to you.

Mr. Simon : __________________.

Answer Key!

Accept any possible answer

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Mr. Jackson: Congratulation

Mr. Sunton : Thank you

Mr. Jackson: I must congratulate you for your success

Mr. Sunton : Thank you

Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk descriptive

ACTIVE READING • Read the following text about Jakarta. Then, answer the

questions.

JAKARTA CITY

Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia. It is centrally located within the country on the

northwest coast of Java Island at the mouth of the Ciliwung River. Jakarta dominates

Indonesian’s administrative, economy, and cultural activities, and is a major commercial and

transportation hub within Asia. With the population of about 6 million, Jakarta has more

population than any other cities in Indonesia.

The climate is hot and humid year-round. Rainfall occurs throughout the year, although

it is the heaviest from November to May. The average annual precipitation in Jakarta is 1,790

mm. The city lies on a flat, low plain and is prone to flooding during periods of heavy rainfall.

Kota is the city’s oldest commercial area. It is located south of the old Sunda Kelapa harbor.

Glodok, the south of Kota is a banking, retail and residential neighborhood with a large Chinese

population. Merdeka Square with Monas (The National Monument) dominates the city’s central

district. Surrounding the square are Istana Merdeka, the presidential palace, the National

Museum, and the Istiqlal Mosque.

Adapted from: Microsoft Encarta

Find out:

1. What information can you get about Jakarta?

2. What information does the article give about Glodok?

3. Where is the National Monument located?

4. What is the purpose of the writer in this text?

5. If the writer didn’t mention the name of the city as Jakarta, could you have guessed

it? Why?

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Answer Key!

1. Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia

It is centrally located in the country on the northwest coast of Java island at the

mouth of Ciliwung River.

It dominates Indonesia’s administrative, economy, cultural activities and is a major

commercial and transportation hub within Asia

The climate is hot and humid year-round

2. Glodok is a banking retail and residential neighborhood with a large Chinese

population.

3. in Merdeka Square

4. to describe Jakarta

5. no. it is the identification

Degrees of comparison

1. the same as and the same (they have the same meaning, but the same as is used between

the two nouns being compared, and the same is used after the two nouns or a plural noun).

Examples: • Bogor is the same as Ungaran.

• Bogor and Ungaran are the same.

2. similar to and similar (they have the same meaning, but similar to is used between the

two nouns or a plural noun)

Examples: • Surabaya is similar to Medan.

• Surabaya and Medan are similar.

3. like and alike (they have the same meaning, but like is used between the two nouns

compared and alike is used after the two nouns).

Examples: • The weather feels like spring.

• The weather and spring are alike.

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4. Specific similarity:

a. the same … as for quality nouns (age, color, height, length, price, size, style,

weight)

Example: • Ujung Pandang is almost the same size as Semarang.

b. as … as for quality adjectives (big, cheap, clear, cold, easy, expensive, hard, heavy,

hot, large,

little, long, old, short, small, tall, young, etc.

Examples: • Mira’s house is as big as mine.

5. different and different from (they have same meaning, but different from is used

between the two

nouns being compared, and different is used after the two nouns.)

Example: • My sister is different from you.

• My sister and I are different.

6. to differ from (it is a verb)

Example: • Jogyakarta differs from Jakarta.

7. Comparative estimates

a. Multiple numbers (half, twice, three times, four times, ten times, etc.)

Example: • Semarang is three times as big as Ungaran.

b. More than and less than

Example: • Palembang has more than a hundred good buildings.

c. As many as

Example: My town should have as many as a hundred public telephones.

8. Comparative Adjectives

Examples: • This room is more spacious than the other one.

• The climate here is milder than that of my town.

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9. Superlative Adjectives

Examples: • New York is the large of all American cities.

• Denpasar is the prettiest of all cities on Bali island.

Note: Remember some irregular adjectives

☺ bad/worse/ the worst

☺far/farther/ the farthest

TRY THIS • Arrange the following jumbled words into a meaningful adverbial

phrases. One has been done for you as an example.

1. London has changed a lot (century/since/17ͭ; < /the).

London has changed a lot since the 17ͭ; < century.

2. Coal is no longer used (petroleum/of/use/the/since).

3. This ancient royal building was build (century/in/the/19ͭ; < /early/of).

4. The St. Paul Church was partly burned (1666/in/during/London/of/the/Great Fire).

Answer Key!

1. –

2. Coal is no longer used since the use of petroleum

3. This ancient royal building was built in the early of 19th century

4. The St. Paul Church was partly burned in the Great fire of London during 1666

Participle phrases

The present participle can be used to replace a relative clause in the active voice.

e.g. : • The house which is standing at the foot of hill belongs to the royal family.

• The house standing at the foot of the hill belongs to the royal family.

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The past participle can be used to replace a relative clause in the passive voice.

e.g. : • The Thames River, which is situated between East London and West London,

flows into the sea.

• The Thames River, situated between East London and West London, flows into the

sea.

TRY THIS • Rewrite the following sentences using the participle phrases. Number one

has done for you as an example.

1. Jakarta, which is centrally located within the country on the northwest coast of Java

Island, is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Indonesia.

Jakarta, centrally located on the northwest coast of Java Island, is the capital and

largest city of the Republic of Indonesia.

2. Jakarta, which is called Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya, has a total area of

661 km.

3. The hotel which feces forward the snowy mountain is a five-star hotel

4. The rooms which have sea views are expensive.

5. The tree which is growing in the front of my house is a Flamboyant tree.

Answer Key!

2. Jakarta, called Daerah khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya, has a total area of 661 km.

3. The hotel facing forward the snowy mountain is a five-star hotel.

4. The room which having sea views are expensive.

5. The tree growing in front of my house is Flamboyant tree.

Compound Adjectives

Read and study the following sentences:

• The building opposite to the bank is a two-story shop.

It means: the shop has two floors.

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• The five-bedroom bungalow has been mortgaged to the bank.

It means: the bungalow that has five bedroom.

• The passengers are allowed to smoke only in the smoking compartment.

It means: a compartment for people to smoke.

TRY THIS • Make compound adjectives from the phrases below. Number one has been

done for you as an example.

1. A station for broadcasting = broadcasting station

2. A cupboard that has five shelves = ________________

3. An apartment with ten floors = ________________

4. A car with four doors = ________________

5. The wall that surrounds a city = ________________

6. A laboratory for physics experiments = ________________

Answer Key!

2. A five-shelf cupboard

3. A ten-floor apartment

4. A four-door car

5. A city hall

6. A physic laboratory

Punctuation

1. Capitalize nouns that name specific geographical locations.

e.g. : • Glacier National Park but a park in the West

• New York city but a city in America

2. Compass directions that name a definite section of the country or the world should

be capitalize.

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e.g. : • the Middle East but Allen is traveling east.

• the Near East but The live east of the mountain.

• Note : The modern trend is to write nouns and adjectives derived from East, West,

North, and South with small letters.

e.g. : • a northerner

• southern hospitality

• middle-western speech

• Exceptions : These adjectives are generally capitalized when they refer to a

political region.

e.g. : • Eastern Europe

• Southeast Asia

3. Capitalize the names of specific streets, highways, buildings, and organizations,

significant events, and holidays.

e.g. : • Forty-sixth Street

• Ohio Turnpike, First Avenue, Oak Street, New York Parkway

TRY THIS • Punctuate the following sentences.

1. early in the seventeenth century king George I of England gave the London

company the right to settle in north America.

2. after crossing the atlantic ocean, the settlers established Jamestown, Virginia, the

first permanent british settlement in this continent.

3. in 1619 a ship owned by Holland brought the first africants to the English colonies

in America.

Answer Key!

1. Early in the Seventh Century King George I of England gave the London company

the right to settle in North America.

2. After crossing the Atlantic Ocean, the settlers established Jamestown, Virginia, the

first permanent British settlement on this continent.

3. In 1619 a ship owned by Holland brought the first Africans to English colonies in

America.

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Unit 7 Breaking News

NEWS ITEM

Purpose To inform readers, listeners, or viewers about events of the day

which are considered newsworthy or important.

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Text Organization • Newsworthy events (tells the events in a summary form)

• Background events (elaborates what happened, explains what

caused the incident)

• Source (comments by participants, witnesses, authorities, and

experts involved in the event)

Teks monolog berbentuk news item

ACTIVE LISTENING • Listen to the following news. While listening, complete the

missing words with the words you hear. Then, answer the questions.

Good morning listeners. It’s ten o’clock in the morning and you’re listening to Headline News

in 007 Archid FM. I’m Mike Tjokro. The first newsworthy event comes from Moscow.

A Russians journalist has uncovered (1)________ of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which

killed ten (2)________ and contaminated an (3)_______ town.

Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first (4)________ to speak to people who witnessed the

(5)________ of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of Shkotovo 22, near Vladivostock.

The (6)_________, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl (7)________, spread

radioactive fallout. The base and nearby town, were covered up by officials of the Soviet

Union. Residents were told that the explosion was in the reactor of the Victor Submarine. It

was said to be a ‘thermal’ and not nuclear (8)________. Those involved in the clean up

operation to (9)________ more than 600 tons of contaminated material were sworn to

(10)________.

A board of investigators was later to (11)________ it as the worst (12)________ in the

history of the Soviet Navy.

OK listeners, that’s the first news for today. I am coming back soon with some other important

news. So, stay tuned to 007 FM Archid Radio Station.

Find out:

1. Who found evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe?

2. How many sailors were killed in the accident?

3. What contaminated an entire town?

4. Who interviewed the witnesses of the accident?

5. Where did the accident happen?

6. When the accident happened, what did the Soviet Union do?

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7. Do you know any reasons why people involved in the clean up operation were

sworn to secrecy?

8. How much contaminated material was there in the clean up operation?

9. What does ‘catastrophe’ mean?

Answer Key!

1. evidence

2. sailors

3. entire

4. journalist

5. explosion

6. accident

7. disaster

8. explosion

9. remove

10. secrecy

11. describe

12. accident

Find out

1. Yelena Vazrshavskya

2. 10

3. a nuclear catastrophe

4. Yelena Vazrshavskya

5. at the naval base of Shkotovo 22, near Vladivostock.

6. it occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fallout.

7. Yes

8. 600 tons

9. A great disaster

Expressions used in an interview

Opening the interview: Asking for information:

• Good afternoon. • Could I ask?

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• Excuse me, I didn’t quite catch your name. • Where was it?

• Have a good time. • I’m calling to find out ….

• Thanks for your …. • Do you realize that ….

• It is a big surprise. • Actually ….

• I congratulate you on ….. • And?

• Well, let me see ….

• First/then/after that/at the end

The expressions used to say believe or not believe are:

Asking if you believe it or not: Responding to believe it or not:

• Do you believe it? • No, I don’t believe it.

• Wouldn’t you believe it? • Are you serious?

• Can you imagine that? • Are you joking?

• You don’t believe it, do you? • Are you kidding?

• Don’t you think it’s odd that ….? • You must be joking/kidding!

• Oh. No! That’s not true!

• You don’t say!

• Seeing is believing.

TRY THIS • Complete the following conversation with expressions of believing.

1. Tony : Hey, guys. Let me tell you something.

We’re playing a part in a serial TV film soon.

Tray : _____________________________________.

Tony : No, read …. this letter. It is from our headmaster.

The TV crew is coming to our school next week.

This class has been chosen for the shooting.

Tray : _____________________________________.

2. Poppy : You know what? Linkin Park is coming to our school next week.

Susan : _____________________________________.

Poppy : Look at this headline. “Linkin Park is touring in the Tarakan”.

Susan : _____________________________________.

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Answer Key!

Accept any possible answer

1. Tray: Are you joking?

Tray: No, I don’t believe it.

2. Susan: Are you serious?

Susan: Oh, I don’t believe it

Expressing being surprised

Telling surprising news: Responding to believe or not

• Guess what! • Oh, no that’s true.

• Surprise! • You don’t say.

• I’ve got news, for you. • Really? That sounds interesting.

• Do you know what? • Really? It’s surprising that ….

• You won’t believe it! • Seeing is believing.

• Good heavens.

• My goodness!

• This is really a surprise!

ACTIVE READING • Read the news below. Find some surprising news and write it in

the table.

Twenty-one killed in road accident

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SAUDI ARABIA: Twenty-one people were killed when two vehicles collided on

a highway near the Red Sea port city of Jeddah, a newspaper reported on Saturday.

Al-Riyadh newspaper said the accident occurred on Friday when a vehicle

carrying 14 Yemenis and two Saudis tried to avoid a police checkpoint by going

around it, and rammed into an incoming car carrying five passengers from Saudi

Arabia, Egypt and Sudan.

Around 4,000 people die each year in road accidents in Saudi Arabia mainly

due to recklessness. –Reuters

The Jakarta Post, August 6, 2006.

Surprising news

1. 21 killed in a road accident

2

3

4

5

Answer Key!

1. Two vehicles collide on a high way near the Red Sea port of Jeddah.

2. Accident happened when a vehicle carrying 14 Yemenis and two Saudis tried to

avoid a police check point by going around

3. Around 4,000 people die each year in road accidents in Saudi Arabia.

4. The accidents happen due to recklessness.

ENJOY THIS • Fill in the blank spaces with suitable words provided in the box.

1. A favorable and an unfavorable comment on a current event which is made by an

editor is called an ________________.

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2. A _______________ is a story about people in general which is not important but

interesting to read.

3. A story which comes from a writer’s imagination is called _______________.

4. A _______________ is the title of a report, usually printed in large letters.

5. A picture, imitation of a person stressing certain features to cause amusement is

called a _______________.

6. A _______________ is a judgment on literary, arts, music, movie, etc.

7. An _______________ is a publication of a certain product which is advertised in a

newspaper.

8. A writing that is based on facts is called a ______________.

Critism caricature editorial report

Fiction advertisement human interest headline

Answer Key!

1. editorial

2. human interest

3. fiction

4. headline

5. caricature

6. criticism

7. advertisement

8. report

Teks tulis monolog/esei sederhana berbentuk news item

ACTIVE READING • Read the following news. Then, answer the questions.

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Earthquake Jolts Japan Capital

TOKYO (Reuters) – A slight earthquake jolted the Japanese capital last night but authorities said

there were no immediate reports of casualties or damage.

A spokesman for the Japan meteorological agency said, “ An earth tremor was registered in

Tokyo but there are no reports of casualties or damage.

The earth tremor struck shortly after midnight Tokyo time- just after midnight Tokyo time.

Residents of central Tokyo said the tremor was the strongest for several months in the

capital.

(taken from : Bangkok Post, 2004)

Find out:

1. What is the headline of the news?

2. What is the topic of the news?

3. What happened? Where? When?

4. Were there any victims and damage?

5. Who said that there was an earth tremor?

6. What did the Tokyo residents say?

7. Did you find anything that made you surprised?

Answer Key!

1. Earthquake Jolts Japan Capital

2. Earthquake in Japan

3. A slight earthquake jolted the Japanese capital last night but authorities said there

were no immediate reports casualties or damage.

4. No

5. A spokesman for the Japan meteorological agency.

6. Residents of central Tokyo said the tremor was the strongest in several months in the

capital.

7. Yes

To change active sentences into passive sentences we follow this pattern:

Active sentences: Passive sentences:

Subject + Verb + Object Subject + to be + Past Participle

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See the changes in this table:

Tense Active Passive

Simple Present He writes a letter. A letter is written.

Simple Past He wrote a letter. A letter was written.

Present Perfect He has written a letter. A letter has been written.

Past Perfect He had written a letter. A letter had been written.

Present Future He will write a letter. A letter will be written.

TRY THIS • Change the words in the brackets into the correct forms of passive.

1. The wings of many buildings surrounded the large yard in the palace. Their wall

_________ (make) of bricks, and their roofs __________ (hold) up by columns.

2. The local residents said that the temple __________ (destroy) by a big earthquake.

3. This is only part of the history of Borobudur temple which __________ (know) at

present.

4. The sea now ____________ (call) the Banda Sea.

5. The civil servants ___________ (order) by the governor to work five days a week.

Answer Key!

1. was made, were held

2. was destroyed

3. is known

4. is called

5. are ordered

Adverbs of manner in Passive

TRY THIS • Change the active sentences into the passive sentences. Use the adverbs of

manner after ‘to be’ (was, were, is, are). See the examples.

e.g.: • The men were badly injured during the blast.

• The house were completely demolished by the workers.

• The bungalow is beautifully furnished.

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1. A terrible tornado damaged the village severely.

2. The historians observed the statue carefully.

3. The tsunami completely swept away the whole town.

4. Itang Yunaz will design her wedding gown beautifully.

5. The husband abused his wife brutally.

Answer Key!

1. The village was severely damaged by a terrible tornado

2. The statue was carefully observed by the historians.

3. The whole town was completely swept away the whole town.

4. Her wedding gown will be beautifully designed by Itang Yunaz

5. His was brutally abused by the husband.

Punctuation

TRY THIS • Place comma where they’re needed. See the examples.

e.g.: • Since Jack wrecked his car, he has had no way to get work.

• Mohammad is going to go back to his country after he finishes this semester.

1. Even though he desperately wanted to the little boy didn’t take the chocolate.

2. While Sara was getting ready for bed she heard someone fire a gun.

3. Because Budi is only seven years old he cannot vote yet.

4. Unless the company sells more cars next year it is going to go broke.

5. Although he had good grades and several recommendations Ben did not get

accepted by the university.

Answer Key!

1. Even though he desperately wanted to, the little boy didn’t take the chocolate.

2. While Sara was getting ready for bed, she heard someone fire a gun.

3. Because Budi is only seven years old, he cannot vote yet

4. Unless the company sells more cars next year, it is going to go broke.

5. Although he had good grades and several recommendations, Ben did not get

accepted by the university.

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