1. INTRODUCTION 2. Forests and wildlife 3. FORESTS AND WILDLIFE
4. If you cut down a forest, it doesn't matter how many sawmills
you have if there are no more trees. 5. STAKEHOLDERS When We
Consider The Conservation Of Forest, We Need To Look At The
Stakeholders Who Are- The People Who Live In Or Around Forest Are
Dependent On Forest Produce For Various Aspects Of Their Life. The
Forest Department Of The Government Which Owns The Land And
Controls The Resources From Forests. The Industrialists-from Those
Who Use Tendu Leaves To Make Bidis To The Ones With Paper Mills-who
Use Various Forest Produce, But Are Not Dependent On The Forest In
Any One Area. 6. The wild life and nature enthusiasts who want to
conserve nature in its pristine form. But each of these groups
needs out of the forests. The local people need large quantities of
firewood, small timber and thatch,Bamboo is Used to make slates for
huts,baskets for collecting and storing food materials. Implements
for agriculture ,fishing and hunting are largely made up of
wood,also forest are sites for fishing and hunting.In addition to
people gathering fruits,nuts and medicines from the forests,their
cattle also graze in forest areas or feed on other fodder which is
collected from forests. 7. Water Is One Of Nature's Most Important
Gifts To Mankind. Water Is Essential To Life. Its A Basic
Neccessity For All Forms Of Life. Rainfall In India The Studies Of
Rainfall Patterns Have Revealed That Rains In India Are Largely
Dependent On The Monsoons. This Means Rain Falls In Only A Few
Months Of The Year Because Of Which Water Availability Doesnt
Increase Much. 8. Mega-projects and their affects 9. Over 400Years
Ago,HimachalPradesh Had StartedA LocalSystemOf
CanalIrrigationCalledKulhs. WaterIn StreamsWas DivertedTo Channels
By Which VillagesReceived Water. AllThe VillagesManagedThese Kulhs
By CommonAgreement. These Kulhs WereManagedBy
2-3PeopleWhoWerePaidBy Villagers. AfterTheKulhs WereTakenOver By
Irrigation Department,Most Of ThemBecameDefunctAndThere Was
NoLongerFriendlySharing Of WaterAs Before. 10. Large Dams Can
Ensure The Storage Of Adequate Water Not Just For Irrigation , But
Also For Generating Electricity. Canal Systems Leading From These
Dams Can Transfer Large Amounts Of Water Great Distances. For
Example, The Indira Gandhi Canal Has Brought Greenery To
Considerable Areas Of Rajasthan. 11. Criticisms About Large Dams
Address Three Problems In Particular :- 1.) Social Problems Because
They Displace Large Number Of Peasants And Tribal's Without
Adequate Compensation Or Rehabilitation. 2.) Economic Problems
Because They Swallow Up Huge Amounts Of Public Money Without The
Generation Of Proportionate Benefits. 3.) Environmental Problems
Because They Contribute Enormously To Deforestation And The Loss Of
Biological Diversity. 12. WATER HARVESTING Rainwater Harvesting Is
The Accumulating And Storing Of Rainwater For Reuse Before It
Reaches The Aquifer. It Has Been Used To Provide Drinking Water,
Water For Livestock, Water For Irrigation, As Well As Other Typical
Uses. Rainwater Collected From The Roofs Of Houses And Local
Institutions Can Make An Important Contribution To The Availability
Of Drinking Water. As Rainwater May Be Contaminated Due To
Pollutants Like Microscopic Germs Etc., It Is Often Not Considered
Suitable For Drinking Without Treatment. However, There Are Many
Examples Of Rainwater Being Used For All Purposes Including
Drinking Following Suitable Treatment. 13. Coal :Coal (from the Old
English term col, which has meant "mineral of fossilized carbon"
since the 13th century) is a combustible black or brownish-black
sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or
veins called coal beds or coal seams. Coal is the largest source of
energy for the generation of electricity worldwide, as well as one
of the largest worldwide anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide
releases. Gross carbon dioxide emissions from coal usage are
slightly more than those from petroleum and about double the amount
from natural gas Coal is extracted from the ground by mining,
either underground by shaft mining through the seams or in open
pits. 14. USES : COAL AS FUEL GASIFICATION LIQUEFACTION REFINED
COAL INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES COoKING COAL AND USE OF COKE 15.
PETROLEUM Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring flammable
liquid. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. This
comes after the studies of structural geology ,sedimentary basin
analysis, reservoir characterization(mainly in terms of porosity
and permeable structures). It is refined and separated, most easily
by boiling point, into a large number of consumer products, from
petrol (or gasoline) and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents
used to make plastics and pharmaceuticals. Petroleum is used in
manufacturing a wide variety of materials, and it is estimated that
the world consumes about 88 million barrels each day. 16.
ENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS: 17.
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18. 1. Why are forest called biodiversity hot spot? 2. Coal and
petroleum are converted forms of solar energy". is this statement
correct? 3. Write at least two ways by which people of ancient
India managed water resources? 4. What will happen if loss of
biodiversity occurs? 5. what you can do as an individual to reduce
consumption of various nature resources and help in environment
conservation? 6. What will be the effect of increase in the amount
of CO2 in the atmosphere on the average temperature of the earth.
7. What are the two major benefits of dams? 8. What are kulhs? 9.
What are fossil fuels. Give two examples of fossil fuels. 10. What
is the importance of water harvesting 11. What is meant by
sustainable management? 12. What is a dam? Write two main
advantages and two ill effects of constructing a big dam
