Tugas 1 IS Strategic Planning - M7233

RESUME CHAPTER 1The Evolving Role of Information Systems and

Technology in Organizations:A Strategic Perspective

Oleh:ABDURRASYID

1112200642Kelas : 04 MBM

UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA

MANAJEMEN SISTEM INFORMASI JENJANG S2

JAKARTA

2012

IS Strategic Planning - M7233

Learning from experience—the successes and failures of the past—is one of the most important aspects of strategic management. much learning about the capability of IT is experiential, and that organizations tend to learn to manage IS/IT by doing, not appreciating the challenges until they have faced them.

Factors that affect the pace and effectiveness of progress in using IS/IT and in delivering business benefits include:

the capabilities of the technology; the economics of deploying the technology; the applications that are feasible; the skills and abilities available, either in-house or from external sources, to develop the

applications; the skills and abilities within the organization to use the applications; the pressures on the particular organization or its industry to improve performance.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (IS) AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)IT refers specifically to technology, essentially hardware, software and

telecommunications networks. IS actually is part of the much wider domain of human language and communication, that

IS will remain in a state of continual development and change in response both to technological innovation and to its mutual interaction with human society as a whole.’

Why organizations may fail to realize any benefits from their investments in IT-investments are often made in technology without understanding or analysing the nature of the activities the technology is to support—either strategically or operationally—in the organization.

E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCEE-commerce refers to the conduct of commerce or business electronically—essentially

using Internet technologies. E-business, on the other hand, has come to refer to the automation of an organization’s internal business processes using Internet and browser technologies.

Three aspects make the Internet distinct from other technologies from other technologies. First, it is pervasive, second, it is interactive, third, its virtual nature.

THE THREE-ERA MODEL 1. Data processing to improve operational efficiency by automating information based

processes.2. Management information systems to increase management effectiveness by satisfying

their information requirements for decision making.3. Strategic information systems to improve competitiveness by changing the nature or

conduct of business (i.e. IS/IT investments can be a source of competitive advantage).

STRATEGIC USES OF IS/IT: CLASSIFICATION, FACTORS FOR SUCCESS AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS

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IS Strategic Planning - M7233

The four main types of strategic system appear to be:1. Those that share information via technology-based systems with customers/ consumers

and/or suppliers and change the nature of the relationship.2. Those that produce more effective integration of the use of information in the

organization’s value-adding processes.3. Those that enable the organization to develop, produce, market and deliver new or

enhanced products or services based on information.4. Those that provide executive management with information to support the development

and implementation of strategy (in particular, where relevant external and internal information are integrated in analysis).

DIFFERENT VIEWS OF STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

SUCCESS FACTORS IN STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS1. External, not internal, focus: looking at customers, competitors, suppliers, even other

industries and the business’s relationships and similarities with the outside business world

2. Adding value, not cost reduction: although cost reductions may accrue due to business expansion at reduced marginal costs, ‘doing it better, not cheaper’ seems to be the maxim.

3. Sharing the benefits: within the organization, with suppliers, customers, consumers and even competitors on occasion!

4. Understanding customers and what they do with the product or service: how they obtain value from it, and the problems they mayencounter in gaining that value

5. Business-driven innovation, not technology-driven: the pressures of the marketplace drove developments in most cases

6. Incremental development, not the total application vision turned into Reality7. Using the information gained from the systems to develop the business.

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IS Strategic Planning - M7233

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUSINESS, IS, AND IT STRATEGIES

ALIGNING FOUR DOMAINS AS STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT MODEL

THE CONTEXT FOR IS/IT STRATEGYBefore embarking on developing an IS strategy, it is important to understand the context

within which this strategy is being developed. This context is likely to be different in different organizations. In this section, two perspectives are presented. The first is largely an internal perspective focusing on the role of IS/IT in the organization. The second is an external perspective exploring the overall dynamics of IS/IT.

1. The Internal Context2. The External ContexT

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