Module IVAssessing the

CurriculumLesson 4Linking Curriculum, Instruction and Assessment (CIA): Making a

FitTomasa C. Iringan, Ph.D.

Curriculum and Instruction

Curriculum

is a structured set of learning outcomes or tasks.

educators usually call goals and objectives.

the “what” of teaching.

according to Howell and Evans (1995) and Sands, et al (1995)

*Students are expected to learn the information specified in the curriculum so that they will have the skills needed to prepare students to succeed in the society.

“Knowledge of curriculum is for successful assessment, evaluation, decision making and teaching.” - Howel and Evans (1995)

curriculum component

teacher-directed

instructionlesson

*Deciding which curriculum task should be taught and which instructional approach to use best, requires the use of evaluative procedure.

Curriculum is understood as the “content’’.

developers need to bring to the content selection the criteria of significance, validity, interest, learnability and feasibility.

Significance brings the content to the degree to which it contributes the basic ideas, concepts, principles and generalizations and to the development of particular learning abilities, skills, processes and attitudes. Interest is the degree to which the content either caters or fosters particular interests in the students.

Feasibility refers to the question, “Can the selected content be taught in the time allowed, considering the resources, staff and particular community?”

Learnability is the appropriateness of the content in the light of the particular students who are to experience the curriculum.

*These should be used for the selection of appropriate general curricular objectives and content.

Curriculum Objectives(other aspect of curriculum)*provide cue to what content should be included.

guide the learning outcomes to be achieved as well as the activities to accomplish. provide condition, performance and extent of performance.

should meet the criteria of SMART.

What is SMART?

SMART

pecific

easurable

ttainable

esults-oriented

ime-bound

Both objectives and contents are inputs to what is defined as the curriculum. The plan is the intention but it will not have impact if is not placed into motion.

Instruction

the actual engagement of learners of the planned learning activities. the implementation of the curriculum plan.

“ Curriculum and Instruction interlock with each other”

Thus, WITHOUT curriculum plan, there could be NO effective instruction…

and WITHOUT instruction, curriculum has a VERY LITTLE meaning.

Criteria of Meaningful Instruction bring about optimum benefit to the learners. approximate real life situations. encourage the learners to inquire further. heighten learners interest and motivation. involve the use of different senses. approximate real life situations. provide opportunities for broad and deep study.

provide mastery of total learning.It is important that the curriculum content and objectives should match with the instruction from where learning experiences are provided.

Curriculum and AssessmentCurriculum is related to Assessment.

Curriculum

determines what assessment should be done, and how to do it. establishes “what to accomplish?”

Assessment

determines “how to determine if the curriculum has been achieved?”

Assessmentis the process of collecting information which describes student achievement in relation to curriculum expectations.

4 Levels can be used to judge the quality of student work:

LEVEL 4

LEVEL 3

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 1

Student has demonstrated all the required knowledge and skills and achievement has exceeded the standard set.

Student has demonstrated most of the required knowledge and skills and achievement exceeded the standard set.

Student has demonstrated some of the required knowledge and skills and achievement exceeded the standard set.

Student has demonstrated few of the required knowledge and skills and achievement exceeded the standard set.

To ensure that the assessment is aligned with the curriculum, the teacher needs to ask the following key questions:

For diagnostic Assessment:

What do I expect my students to learn?

What is the best way for my students to demonstrate their achievement?

The interaction among curriculum, instruction and assessment can be seen in a diagram below:

Curriculum

Assessment Instruction

CA CI

AI

We can see thatCurriculum, AssessmentAnd Instruction linktogether.

Thank You !