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L I M P E T S Long-term Monitoring Program and Experiential Training for Students
Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project
Map of NMSs
LiMPETSLong-term Monitoring Program and Experiential Training for Students
• Collaboration between California’s
National Marine Sanctuaries
• Two types of projects:
- Sandy Beach Monitoring Project
- Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project
• Use same methods
AND same website for data entry……
www.limpetsmonitoring.org
High Tide
Zone Mid Tide Zone
Intertidal Zonation
Low Tide Zone
Splash Zone
Mid Tide Zone
High Tide Zone
Photo: www.biosbcc.net/.../marinesci/03ecology/tphi.htm
6 hours later
Why monitor the rocky intertidal?
California Marine
Reserves
Oil Spills
IDENTIFYING ANIMALS
Aggregating Anemones
Anthopleura elegantissima
Photo by Jake Dean
How to identify:
1) Small, up to 2 inches (5 cm). 2) In Groups. 3) Often covered in sand.
Photo by Dave Cowles
Photo by Dave Cowles
These anemones are large, green, solitary, ANDare almost identical, except……..
Giant Green Anemone
Anthopleura xanthogrammica
Sunburst Anemone
Anthopleura sola
Photo by Kathy Soave
Photo by Anthony Fisher
Closed anemone
Unidentified Large Solitary Anemone
What are these?
What is this?
Chitons
Photo by Anthony Fisher
Photo by Anthony Fisher
www.depts.washington.edu
Photo by Ashley Smith
How to identify:
1) Oval in shape, with 8 overlapping shell plates
2) Most are small, up to 2 inches (5 cm) wide.
3) Often well camouflaged with surroundings.
Mopalia spp./Nuttalina spp./Tonicella spp./others
LimpetsLottia spp.
Close-up!
How to identify:
1) Snail-like mollusk with one shell.
2) Shell is cone-shaped or flat.
2) Most are small, up to approx. 4 cm.
Snails Whelks
Acanthinucella spp. /Nucella spp./others
Turban Snails
Chlorostoma brunnea/funebralis
Photo by Anthony Fisher
Photo by Anthony Fisher
How to identify:
1) Size and color don’t matter
2) Shell is coiled or in a spiral, both ends of shell are
pointed.
How to identify:
1) Color deep purple, black, or brown
2) Shell is smooth, a rounded cone shape. No point at tip of shell.
3) Up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) long.
Always check for hermit crabs!!!
Sea MusselsMytilus californianus
How to identify:
1) Bivalve mollusks with two shells.
2) Shell up to 8 inches (20 cm) in length.
3) Shell blue or black in color with irregular groove lines.
Photo By Anthony Fisher
What is this?
Barnacles
Acorn barnacle
Balanus glandula/Chthamalus dalli/fissus
Pink Acorn Barnacle
Tetraclita rubescens
Photo by Anthony Fisher
Photo by Anthony Fisher
How to identify:
1) Shell pink, appearing thatched.
2) Larger. Up to 2 inches (5 cm) wide.
How to identify:
1) Shell white or brown-ish.
2) Small. Shell up to 3/4 inch (2 cm) wide.
Leaf barnacle Pollicipes polymerus
Photo by Anthony Fisher
How to identify:
1) Barnacle on dark brown, fleshy stalk topped with many small, white plates.
2) Up to 3 inches (8 cm) in length. www.marine.gov
Ochre Sea StarPisaster ochraceus
How to identify:
1) Purple, orange, or brown.
2) Up to 12 inches (30 cm) in
length.
3) Rows of white tipped spines
resembling star shape near center.
Photo by Anthony Fisher
Purple Sea UrchinStrongylocentrotus purpuratus
How to identify:
1) Spherical body covered with shell
and spines.
2) Reddish to purple in color.
Juveniles are pale green.
3) Up to 4 inches (10 cm) in
length.
Photo by Anthony Fisher
Honeycomb Tube WormPhragmatopoma californica
How to identify:
1) Worms that live in tubes of cemented sand
grains.
2) Tubes often found in large masses , up to
6.5 feet (2 m) in length.
3) Tubes placed in honeycomb arrangement
with a flared rim.
www.ib.unicamp.br
Photo by Anthony Fisher
What’s this?What is this?
IDENTIFYING ALGAE
What is this?
IDENTIFYING ALGAE
Marine Algae
RED ALGAE Phylum Rhodophyta
BROWN ALGAE Phylum Phaeophyta
GREEN ALGAE Phylum Chlorophyta
Photo by Anthony Fisher www.mbari.orgwww.mbari.org
Green Algae
Photo by Anthony Fisher
How to identify:
1) Little tufts bright green algae.
2) Resembles clumps of moss.
3) Tufts are small, up to a few inches wide.
How to identify:
1) Thin, almost transparent sheets (only 2 cell layers thick!)
2) Oval shaped blades, up to 2 ft (65 cm).
Green pin-cushion algae
Cladophora columbina
Sea lettuce
Ulva spp.
Green Algae
How to identify:
1) Dark green to black-ish green in color.
2) The “fingers” are forked, spongy, and are about as thick
as a finger.
3) Can be fairly large, up to 16 inches (40 cm) in length.
Dead Man’s Fingers
Codium fragile
Phylum Anthophyta - flowering plants
Surfgrass
Phyllospadix spp.
How to identify:
1) Oh yes, it’s bright green. But, remember
it’s a flowering plant..NOT an algae.
2) Leaves are long and narrow. Flowers are
small, inconspicuous.
3) Up to 0.5 cm wide and 6.5 feet (2 m) in
length.
Brown Algae
How to identify:
1) Looks like a feather boa!
2) Long, flat stipe (stem) like a
shoulder strap of a bag or purse.
3) Stipe is fringed with small blades
and floats.
Feather Boa Kelp
Egregia menziesii
Brown Algae
Flattened rockweed
Fucus gardneri/Hesperophycus californicus
Photo bu Anthony Fisher
How to identify:
1) Medium sized algae, up to 10 inches (25 cm)
tall.
2) Olive-green to tan in color.
3) Flattened body, WIDE blades with
DISTINCT midrib, dichotomous branching.
Brown Algae
Slender rockweed
Silvetia compressa / Pelvetiopsis limitata
Photo bu Anthony Fisher
How to identify:
1) 2- 35 inches (5-92 cm) tall.
2) Olive green to tan in color. It can become
darker, shriveled and tough when dried out.
3) Flattened body, thin blades with NO midrib,
dichotomous branching.
What is this?
What’s this?What is this?
Red AlgaeStunted Turkish Towel
Mastocarpus spp./Mazzaella affinis
How to identify:
1) Reddish-black in color
2) Dichotomously divided blades with little bumps
(reproductive structures) all over them.
Photo by Anthony Fisher
Tar Spot Algae
Mastocarpus spp./Ralfsia spp./others
Photo by John Pearse
Gametophyte (n)
upright form
Tetrasporophyte
(2n) crust form
US quarter
How to identify:
1) Black crust on rock, looks like tar!
Red Algae
Upright coralline algae
Bosiella spp./Calliarthron spp./ Corallina spp.
Photo by Anthony Fisher
How to identify:
1) Light to dark pink in color.
2) Calcium carbonate in their cell walls make them relatively stiff.
Encrusting coralline algae
Many species
Photo bu Anthony Fisher
How to identify:
1) Pink crust on rock.
2) Can grow in small or large patches.
Sea sacks
Halosaccion glandiforme
Red Algae
Photo bu Anthony Fisher
How to identify:
1) Hollow sacs usually filled with seawater.
2) Up to 6 inches (15 cm) tall.
Iridescent algae
Mazzaella flaccida/splendens
Photo bu Anthony Fisher
How to identify:
1) Large, oval blades up to 12 inches (30 cm) tall.
2) Yellow-green to purple, some with iridescent sheen.
What’s this?What is this?
Lawn Algae
Chondracanthus canaliculatus
Scouring pad alga Endocladia muricata
Red Algae
How to identify:
1) Short, bushy clumps.
2) Branches covered with short spines.
3) Dark reddish-brown in color.
How to identify:
1) Low and bushy with flat but sharp pointed tips; up to 6 inches
(15 cm).
2) Yellow-brown to greenish-purple
3) Forms mat-like clumps of entangled branches (feels smooth,
not rough)
Photo bu John Pearse
Nori (Porphyra spp.) - the edible weed!
How to identify:
1) Color varies from brownish-green
to purple.
2) Thin delicate blades only 1-2 cell
layers thick.
3) Can resemble crumpled
cellophane when dry.Photo bu Anthony Fisher
What’s this?
FINAL JEOPARDY
#1
#2
#3
#4
Monitoring Methods
Transect
Permanent Area
Method #1: Vertical Transects
Transect
Vertical TransectEquipment
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Quadrats
Transect line
Data Sheet
&
Clipboard
Arggh
Fitzgerald Marine Reserve Data SheetVertical Transect Across Intertidal
Date: School: Login Name:
Names: Datasheet Label:
meters meters
1. Record the location of the quadrat along the transect
2. Record the # of individuals within the large quadrat # indiv. # indiv.
Feather boa kelp (holdfast) - Egregia menziesiiSunburst anemone (>5cm) - Anthopleura solaGiant green anemone - Anthopleura xanthogrammicaUnidentified large, solitary anemone - closed and covered with sandChitons - Mopalia spp./Nuttallina californica/Lepidochitona spp./othersWhelks - Acanthinucella spp./Nucella spp.Turban snails -Tegula brunnea/funebralisHermit crabs - Pagurus spp.Purple sea urchin - Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
3. Record the # small squares where individuals are present # squares # squares
Green pin-cushion alga - Cladophora columbianaDead man's fingers - Codium fragileSea lettuces - Ulva spp.Surfgrasses (attached in square) - Phyllospadix scouleri/torreyiFlattened rockweeds - Fucus gardneri/Hesperophycus californicusSlender rockweeds - Pelvetiopsis limitata/Silvetia compressaTar spot algae - Mastocarpus spp./Ralfsia spp. and othersEncrusting coralline algae (on rocks) - many speciesUpright coralline algae - Bossiella spp./Calliarthron spp./Corallina spp.Scouring-pad alga - Endocladia muricataSea sacks - Halosaccion glandiformeIridescent algae - Mazzaella flaccida/splendens
Aggregating anemone (<5 cm) - Anthopleura elegantissimaHoneycomb tube worm - Phragmatopoma californicaLimpets - Lottia spp.(0.5 - 2.5 cm)Sea mussel - Mytilus californianusLeaf barnacle - Pollicipes polymerusCommon acorn barnacles - Balanus/Chthamalus spp.Pink acorn barnacle - Tetraclita rubescensBare rockLoose sand
Stunted turkish towel - Mastocarpus spp./Mazzaella affinis
1/29/07 School for Pirates
Orlando Bloom, Johnny Depp
50
0
0
0
1
1
9
2
0
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
FMR07
ArggghhData Sheets
2
0
5
2
0
0
24
0
1
0
0
4
0
12
0
1
Arggh
Fitzgerald Marine Reserve Data SheetVertical Transect Across Intertidal
Date: School: Login Name:
Names: Datasheet Label:
meters meters
1. Record the location of the quadrat along the transect
2. Record the # of individuals within the large quadrat # indiv. # indiv.
Feather boa kelp (holdfast) - Egregia menziesiiSunburst anemone (>5cm) - Anthopleura solaGiant green anemone - Anthopleura xanthogrammicaUnidentified large, solitary anemone - closed and covered with sandChitons - Mopalia spp./Nuttallina californica/Lepidochitona spp./othersWhelks - Acanthinucella spp./Nucella spp.Turban snails -Tegula brunnea/funebralisHermit crabs - Pagurus spp.Purple sea urchin - Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
3. Record the # small squares where individuals are present # squares # squares
Green pin-cushion alga - Cladophora columbianaDead man's fingers - Codium fragileSea lettuces - Ulva spp.Surfgrasses (attached in square) - Phyllospadix scouleri/torreyiFlattened rockweeds - Fucus gardneri/Hesperophycus californicusSlender rockweeds - Pelvetiopsis limitata/Silvetia compressaTar spot algae - Mastocarpus spp./Ralfsia spp. and othersEncrusting coralline algae (on rocks) - many speciesUpright coralline algae - Bossiella spp./Calliarthron spp./Corallina spp.Scouring-pad alga - Endocladia muricataSea sacks - Halosaccion glandiformeIridescent algae - Mazzaella flaccida/splendens
Aggregating anemone (<5 cm) - Anthopleura elegantissimaHoneycomb tube worm - Phragmatopoma californicaLimpets - Lottia spp.(0.5 - 2.5 cm)Sea mussel - Mytilus californianusLeaf barnacle - Pollicipes polymerusCommon acorn barnacles - Balanus/Chthamalus spp.Pink acorn barnacle - Tetraclita rubescensBare rockLoose sand
Stunted turkish towel - Mastocarpus spp./Mazzaella affinis
1/29/07 School for Pirates
Orlando Bloom, Johnny Depp
50
0
0
0
1
1
9
2
0
FMR07
Arggghh
2
0
5
2
0
2
Method #2: Random Quadrats in a
Permanent Area
Permanent Area
Additional Equipment:
Random Quadrats in a Permanent Area
5
4
3
2
1
0 1 2 3 …15
Random numbers: 2.5 and 3.9
Meter tape
Data Sheet
Practice
Date: School: Login Name:
Names: Datasheet Label:
Quadrat 1 Quadrat 2
2. Record sample location Random # 1: . .
Random # 2: . .
3. Record the # of individuals within the large quadrat # individuals # individuals
Feather boa kelp (holdfast) - Egregia menziesii
Turban snails -Tegula brunnea/funebralis
4. Record the # small squares where individuals are present # squares # squaresGreen pin-cushion alga - Cladophora columbianaDead man's fingers - Codium fragileSea lettuces - Ulva spp.
Flattened rockweeds - Fucus gardneri/Hesperophycus californicusSlender rockweeds - Pelvetiopsis limitata/Silvetia compressaTar spot algae - Mastocarpus spp./Ralfsia spp. and others
Upright coralline algae - Bossiella spp./Calliarthron spp./Corallina spp.
Honeycomb tube worm - Phragmatopoma californicaLimpets - Lottia spp.(0.5 - 2.5 cm)
Leaf barnacle - Pollicipes polymerusCommon acorn barnacles - Balanus/Chthamalus spp.Pink acorn barnacle - Tetraclita rubescensBare rockLoose sand
Sea mussel - Mytilus californianus
Scouring-pad alga - Endocladia muricataSea sacks - Halosaccion glandiformeIridescent algae - Mazzaella flaccida/splendensStunted turkish towel - Mastocarpus spp./Mazzaella affinis Aggregating anemone (<5 cm) - Anthopleura elegantissima
Purple sea urchin - Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Surfgrasses (attached in square) - Phyllospadix scouleri/torreyi
Encrusting coralline algae (on rocks) - many species
Unidentified large, solitary anemone - closed and covered with sandChitons - Mopalia spp./Nuttallina californica/Lepidochitona spp./othersWhelks - Acanthinucella spp./Nucella spp.
Hermit crabs - Pagurus spp.
Fitzgerald Marine Reserve Data SheetPermanent Plot - Mid Zone Random Quadrat
Giant green anemone - Anthopleura xanthogrammicaSunburst anemone (>5cm) - Anthopleura sola
0 2 5
0 3 9
1
Method #3: Total Organism Count
Permanent Area
Fitzgerald Marine Reserve Data SheetTotal Counts: Sea Stars
1. Identify, count and record the total number of sea stars found within the defined area
Names:
Start Time: am/pm
Length of Count: minutes
Sea Star Total Number of OrganismsOchre sea star - Pisaster ochraceus Purple/Brown
Ochre sea star - Pisaster ochraceus Orange
Date: School: Login Name:
Datasheet Label:
2:20
20
Data Sheets
6
2
1/29/07 School for Pirates
Orlando Bloom, Johnny Depp FMR09
Arggghh
Data Sheets
Fitzgerald Marine Reserve Data SheetTotal Counts: Owl Limpets ( Lottia gigantea)
1. Count and measure all the owl limpets > 2.5 cm in the defined area.2. Record shell length to the nearest 0.5 cm (round up)
Date: School: Login Name:
Names: Datasheet Label:
Start Time: am/pm
Length of Count: minutes
Size Total Number
2.5 cm
3.0 cm
3.5 cm
4.0 cm
4.5 cm
5.0 cm
5.5 cm
6.0 cm
6.5 cm
7.0 cm
7.5 cm
8.0 cm
8.5 cm
9.0 cm
9.5 cm
10.0 cm
4.5
4.5
2.0
2.0
3.2
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
1/29/07 School for Pirates
Orlando Bloom, Johnny Depp FMR08
Arggghh
12:18
20
4
1
2
What to expect…Very slippery rocks
Sharp rocks and organisms
Potentially cold weather
Sampling on hands & knees
Cold water
Fun!
ENTERING YOUR DATA at www.limpetsmonitoring.org
Slides 60-63 are extra/optional
Crowds Depleting Tidepools
Fitzgerald reserve a bit too popular
Maria Alicia Gaura, Chronicle Staff Writer
Friday, February 16, 1996
The tidepool creatures at the Fitzgerald Marine Reserve at Moss Beach are
pretty tough -- they tolerate crashing waves and grinding sand, alternately
submerged in saltwater and exposed to the wind.
But the denizens of this shallow reef are succumbing to a new menace -- the
curiosity of schoolchildren and the trampling of thousands of little feet.
UCSD Biologists' Study Links Human Impacts Along The
Coast To Size Declines Of Marine Snails
February 28, 2003
The average size of limpets along the Southern California coast has
declined significantly over the past century and collection by humans
appears to be the culprit, according to a study led by biologists at the
University of California, San Diego.
Things to think about!
Are there local issues that impact your site?
Things to think about!
Are there regional or global issues
that impact your site?
Northern Species
Southern SpeciesCape Mendocino
Point Conception
Courtesy of Raphael Sagarin
Southern SpeciesSouthern Species
0
1
2
3
4
5
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Avera
ge D
en
sity
(#
/m
2)
Average Abundance of A. sola at Duxbury Reef
Analyze Your Data!
Getting the Word Out!