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By : Mr. Viplove Kataria
M.S. Student
NIPER, Mohali
Last Month Preparation
Pharmaceutics Pharmacology
Pharmacognosy Pharmaceutical
Chemistry
Subjects to be covered
Pharmaceutics
Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics
Physical Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical Technology
Dispensing Pharmacy & Unit Operations
Cosmetics Preparations & Biotechnology
Microbiology & Jurisprudence
Main topics to be covered in Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics
• Mechanisms of drug absorption
• Theories of dissolution
• Equations like Fick’s law, Noyes Whitney eqn etc.
• Types of models of mechanism of drug release i.e. Zero order, first order, Higuchi Model,
Hixon-Crowel, Korsmeyer- Peppas
• Dissolution Apparatus Types (according to USP & IP), Testing, Interpretation
• BCS classification, Modified BCS classification, Examples of each class
• Concepts of Pharmacokinetics
• Biological half –life, equations of t1/2 (according to zero order & first order)
• Volume of distribution (Vd), equations
• Clearance, Total Body Clearance, Renal Clearance, equations
• Elimination Rate Constant (Ke), equations
Main topics to be covered in Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics
• Relationship between t1/2, Vd, Ke, Cl
• GFR, Markers of GFR
• Compartment Models ( One, Two & Multi, their eqns)
• AUC, AUMC, MRT, Css, eqns
• Concepts of loading dose, maintenance dose, eqns
• Non-linear Kinetics overview, Michaelis-Menton eqn
• Concepts of bioavailability, Types: Absolute, Relative, eqns
• Bioequivalence concepts : terms like bioequivalents, Chemical equivalents, Pharmaceutical
equivalence, Therapeutic equivalents etc.
• IVIVC, levels of correlation
• Handerson-Hasselbach eqn, numericals
• ICH guidelines, Climate Zones
Suggested Books
Brahmankar – Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics
Main topics to be covered in Physical Pharmaceutics
• Micromeritics, fundamental properties, derived properties, Particle size distribution, methods
to determine particle size, grades of powder ( coarse, fine etc.)
• Surface area, eqns, methods to determine surface area, Porosity, eqns of porosity
• Types of density, eqns
• Carr’s Index, Hausner ratio, Angle of repose ( their relation with type of flow)
• Surface tension, Interfacial tension, determination of ST & IT, Instruments used ( Du Nuoy
Tensiometer, Stalagmometer etc.), eqns
• Wetting, Contact angle ( 0 = complete wetting, 180 = insignificant wetting)
• Surfactants, Types, HLB scale, methods of HLB value determination, common brand names
of surfactants (Span, Tween, Brij, Myrj etc.)
• Rheology ( Full Chapter) Very Important
• Colloids, CMC, Kraft’s Point, Schulze-Hardy Rule, Hofmeister or lyotropic series, Gold no.
Main topics to be covered in Physical Pharmaceutics
• Donnan membrane effect, Nernst potential, Zeta potential, eqns
• Concepts of Thermodynamics, eqns like Gibb’s Energy etc.
• Buffers, electrolyte solutions, Isotonic solutions, concepts of molarity, Normality,
molality etc.
Suggested books
RS Aggarwal - Physical Pharmacy
Subramanyam – Physical Pharmacy
Martin’s Physical Pharmacy
Main topics to be covered in Pharmaceutical Technology
• Preformulation, Physical characteristics, Chemical characteristics
• Polymorphism, pseudopolymorphism, clathrates
• Solubilization
• Excipients like antioxidants, bulk forming agents, vehicles, disintegrants, flavours, colorants
etc., their types, solubility, properties
• Tablets ( Full Chapter) Very Important
• Capsules ( Full Chapter) Very Important
• Parenterals ( Full Chapter) Very Important
Suggested books
RS Aggarwal - Physical Pharmacy
Lachman Industrial Pharmacy
Main topics to be covered in Dispensing Pharmacy & Unit Operations
• Size Reduction, Mechanisms of size reduction, Size reduction equipment, type of mills,
their mechanism, Uses, Size separation, Methods
• Sterilization (Full Chapter) ( From Cooper and Gunn’s)
• Size separation, Methods,
• Drying, Dryers, Crystallization – general concepts, Mixing, Equipment
• Posology, Alcohol %age calculations, Proof spirit & strength calculations, allegation
method, Isotonicity calculations ( 0.52-a/b)
• Stoke’s law calculations etc.
Suggested books
Sukhbir Kaur – Dispensing Pharmacy
Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing Pharmacy
Subramanyam - Unit Operations
Main topics to be covered in Cosmetics Preparations & Biotechnology
• A brief overview of Mithal’s book for cosmetics
• Basic concepts of biotechnology like replication, transcription, translation, PCR
• Terms like annealing, de-annealing, re-annealing, DNA melting point, formulas,
various temperatures in PCR
• Biotechnology derived drugs
• In Jurisprudence, all schedules, example of drugs falling in various schedules, all
acts, when they were enacted, DPCO ( Drug price control order) Formula
Pharmacology
• An overview of Pharmacological classification, mechanisms and main adverse effects of the
drugs from KDT
• Main Chapters :
• Chapter 1 : Basic Pharmacology from KDT (A-Z)
• ANS, CNS, CVS, Chemotherapy, Analgesics
Pharmacognosy
• A brief overview of Kokate
• Common names / synonyms of drugs, Biological source, Uses, Adulterants
• Types of stomata
• Alkaloids, Glycosides, Tannins, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Volatile oils, Gums & Resins,
flavonoids
• Knowledge about basic rings in alkaloids, they are derived from which amino acid?
• Chemical Identification tests for alkaloids, glycosides, saponins and others
• Plant tissue culture ( Full Chapter)
Pharmaceutical
Chemistry
Biochemistry
Physical Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
• Stereochemistry (from Morrison & Boyd)
• Name reactions
Suggested books
Bahl and Bahl’s Organic Chemistry
Morrison and Boyd’s Organic Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
• Spectroscopy ( general overview) UV, IR, NMR, PMR
• Shielding, deshielding groups in NMR
• All types of detectors and their mechanisms (e.g. Flame ionisation detector,
Thermal conductivity, Electron capture, photoionisation detectors etc.)
• General overview of Chromatography
• Woodward- Fisher rule
• Values of characteristic functional groups in IR ( e.g. –OH, -COOH etc.)
• Reference electrodes, indicator electrodes
• Beer-Lambert’s law
• A general overview of titration ( Karl-Fisher titration, Kjehldahl Method etc.)