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Dr.Allen Newell

Presented ByNabin Raj Dahal

M.Tech in ITKathmandu University

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Introduction

March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992 BS, Physics (Stanford University,

1949); PhD (Carnegie Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Industrial Administration, 1957

US Navy (1943-45); RAND Corporation (1950-1961); Carnegie-Mellon University (1955-1992:graduate student, 1955-57, Professor of Computer Science and Psychology, 1961-1992)

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About Newell

 He did not follow his father into medicine, and he inherited his father’s taste for research and his broad intellectual interests

His central goal was to understand the cognitive architecture of the human mind and how it enabled humans to solve problems

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Newell and AI

In September 1954 he attended a seminar at RAND described a running computer program that learned to recognize letters and other patterns.

He thought that intelligent adaptive systems could be built which will far more complex than anything yet done.

The idea of heuristic problem-solving impressed him

Humans must use simplified rules—heuristics—to guide selective searches for solutions.

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Contributions

THINKING-ALOUD PROTOCOLS THE GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER (GPS) THE INFORMATION PROCESSING

LANGUAGES (IPLS) PRODUCTION SYSTEM LANGUAGES (OPS5) CHESS: THE NSS PROGRAM HUMAN PROBLEM SOLVING

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Major Contributions

THINKING-ALOUD PROTOCOLS  testing a theory of human thinking  instructs subject to think aloud while

performing problem-solving tasks  A program of laboratory experimentation

using thinking-aloud methods was launched by the beginning of 1957

 a decade later Allen and Don Waterman made it the first

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Major Contributions

CHESS:

He wrote "The Chess Machine: An Example of Dealing with a Complex Task by Adaptation" (1955)

Outline of an imaginative design for a computer program to play chess in humanoid manner

Incorporating notation of goals, aspiration levels for terminating search, satisfying with "good enough" moves, multidimensional evaluation functions, the generation of sub goals to implement goals, and something like best first search.

The design was never implemented, but ideas were later borrowed from it for use in the NSS chess program in 1958.

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Awards and Honors

1971 John Danz Lecturer, University of Washington

1971 Harry Goode Memorial Award, American Federation of Information Processing Societies

1972 Elected to member of the United States National Academy of Sciences

1972 Elected to Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

1975 A. M. Turing Award (with Herbert A. Simon), Association for Computing Machinery

1976-77 Guggenheim Fellowship, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation

1979 Alexander C. Williams Jr. Award (with William C. Biel, Robert Chapman and John L.Kennedy), Human Factors Society

1980 Elected to member of the United States National Academy of Engineering

1980 First President, American Association for Artificial Intelligence

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Awards and Honors

1981 Charter recipient of the Computer Pioneer Award from the IEEE Computer Society

1985 Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award, American Psychological Association

1986 Doctor of Science (Honorary), University of Pennsylvania

1987 William James Lectures, Harvard University

1989 Award for Research Excellence, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence

1989 Doctor in the Behavioral and Social Sciences (Honorary), University of Groningen, Netherlands

1989 William James Fellow Award (charter recipient), American Psychological Society

1990 IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award

1990 IEEE W.R.G. Baker Prize Paper Award

1992 U.S. National Medal of Science

1992 The Franklin Institute’s Louis E. Levy Medal

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References

http://www.acm.org

http://www.nap.edu

http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Newell

http://maturing.acn.org/award_winers/newell_3167755.cfm

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THANK YOU