Integrated Science M5 Energy Transfer

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?

2 - Energy transfers

3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW

4 - Moving stationary objects

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Module 5 Module 5 Unit 4 Unit 4 Lesson 1Lesson 1

Integrated Science Integrated Science

BEGIBEGINN

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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OVERVIEW

In this slide presentation, you will first re-examine concepts related to forms of energy then focus on transfer of energy.

You can access various subtopics by clicking on the Menu on the LEFT of each slide.

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OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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OBJECTIVES

Having completed this slide presentation, you should be able to:

1.recall concepts of energy.

2.distinguish between transfer and transport of energy.

3.observe virtually and actually the results of energy transfers.

4.explain evidence of transfer of energy.

5.work amicably and share ideas.

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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1 - WHAT IS ENERGY?

Energy is an ability to produce a change and the capacity to do work. We can’t actually see energy but we can see evidence that energy exists and that it is converted or transferred from one form to another.

We can also observe how energy causes matter to change in various ways, e.g.:•a change from one state to another; •a change in chemical composition, e.g. during combustion or corrosion which happens during a chemical change; •a change in temperature;•a change in motion; •a change in physical properties e.g. size, shape.

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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1 - WHAT IS ENERGY? - FORMS AND SOURCES OF ENERGY

Energy exists in two forms - as potential or kinetic energy, and there are several types of energy.

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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1 - WHAT IS ENERGY?

Energy does not remain in the same form always. To cause change, energy itself changes from one form to another.

During changes, energy is always conserved, i.e., it is not created anew nor destroyed.

Therefore, the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant. You learned this Law of Conservation of Energy in Grade 10.

So… all of the energy has to end up some-where, either in the original form or in a different form.

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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2 - ENERGY TRANSFERS

We can observe the effects of energy especially when it is being transferred.1.Here’s some evidence of energy transfers; click and watch the ‘Key Stage 3’ video at > https://www.o2learn.co.uk/o2_video.php?vid=1288 2.Now click, read the instructions and do the animation at > http://www.learner.org/workshops/energy/cattraption/catrunthru.html 3.Then answer the various questions asked, at > http://www.learner.org/workshops/energy/cattraption/catques.html

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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Having watched those videos, what do you understand by the term ‘energy transfer’? Does energy transfer mean the same thing as ‘energy transport’? Think about the terms and discuss them within your group!

• TRANSFER of energy – involves energy conversion from one form to another or inter-conversion of energy.

• Energy transfers take place all the time from potential to kinetic energy. For example, potential energy in the sun, wind, water, fossil fuels, batteries, foods, nuclei and stationary objects can be changed to electricity, light, heat, sound, mechanical and muscular energy.

• Energy transfers usually produce more than one form of output energy. Check the diagram on the next slide.

Click here for feedback.

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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Read ‘Energy stored’ and ‘Energy transferred’ at > http://www.eschooltoday.com/energy/kinds-of-energy/energy-stored-transferred-dissipation.html

Then read pages 3 and 5 >

http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/energy_electricity_forces/energy_transfer_storage/revision/3/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/energy_electricity_forces/energy_transfer_storage/revision/5/

NOTE: Sometimes you might see the word ‘transformed’ used when the interconversion of energy is being discussed!

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OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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2 - ENERGY TRANSFERS Energy Transmission And

StorageTransmission is the “bulk transfer” or transport of electrical energy from generating power plants via ‘power’ lines to electrical substations near towns/cities. Interconnected transmission lines are part of the power grid.

Stored energy - You learned that chemical energy is stored in food molecules (when you did photosynthesis digestion and respiration).

Stored chemical energy is also in a battery. Energy can also be stored in many other ways. Gasoline, natural gas, food, water towers, a wound up alarm clock, a Thermos flask with hot water are all stores of energy. They can be transferred into other kinds of energy.

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OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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2 - ENERGY TRANSFERSMethods

Energy transfer occurs in the following ways:

1.Heat propagation by means of: • Conduction , Convection and Radiation• If you need to, watch up to 7.00 of >

http://tinyurl.com/l5ac35w (GCSE BBC Bitesize: Energy Transfer)

• Or, do the animation at > http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=SCE304

2.Light propagation in materials by means of: Transmission, Reflection and Absorption

3.Light propagation through space

4.Electrical transfer

5.Mechanical work e.g. Collisions

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OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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2 - ENERGY TRANSFERSActivity 2.1 – An Example

When you go to the Cineplex to watch a movie, no doubt you first buy and watch pop corn being made.

Question 2.1. What energy transfers occur to make your pop corn?

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CHECK

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


X

2 - ENERGY TRANSFERS Review Activity 2.1 – An

Example

Feedback to Question 2.1. - What energy transfers occurs to make your pop corn?

1.When the pop corn machine is plugged into the electrical mains and switched on, it changes electrical energy to thermal/heat energy which heats the corn.

2.The heat changes the stored chemical energy in the corn, causing the corn to “pop” or burst open and it also now has kinetic energy because some popped corn “jump” as they pop and the popped corn overflows the bag and forms a pile in the machine.

3.Change to sound energy also occurs because some corn make the popping sound you hear.

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FEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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2 - ENERGY TRANSFERSReview Activity 2.1 – An

ExampleQuestion 2.2 How does thick woolen clothing like this affect heat energy transfer?

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Jacket, headwear and neck scarf keeps you warm in cold weather because the thick woolen materials of the cap and scarf and the filling between the layers of the jacket holds trapped air that prevents heat energy transfer from your warm body to the cold air outside.

Click here for feedback.

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


X


In your notebook or in Normal View in PowerPoint, draw a flow chart showing the flow of 5 different types of energy transformations from a car battery starting the vehicle to driving.

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CHECK

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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Feedback to Question: Draw a flow chart showing the flow of 5 different types of energy transformations from a car battery starting the vehicle to driving.

Chemical

Electrical

Electrical

Electrical

Sound(mechanical)

Light(Electromagnetic)

ThermalMechanical

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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ENERGY TRANSPORT

TRANSPORT of energy, unlike energy transfer or inter-conversion, involves carrying an object that has energy from one place to another, e.g. a ball moving through the air or waves moving are forms of energy transport.

You will consider various methods of energy transport in the next lesson!

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OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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3 - COLLISIONS

Have you ever played tennis? pool? cricket? football? If so, you’ve experienced collisions e.g. between a pool stick and the balls, between ball and bat, between your foot and the ball.

Collision = The brief, direct contact between two or more bodies that results in a net impulse on each body.

Watch examples of collisions >

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UU8iK4j-T2w

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sg-JthmEnps

To Think About …

Was there any evidence of energy transfers from the collisions seen in the videos? When? Type your response in the box on the next slide.

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OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


X

3 - COLLISIONS

Was there any evidence of energy transfers from the collisions seen in the videos? When?

Type your answer in the box below and then click CHECK for a possible answer.

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CHECK

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


X

3 -COLLISIONS

Feedback to Question: Was there any evidence of energy transfers from the collisions seen in the videos? What? When? For anything to happen, energy has to move, change form, be transferred! Movement involves one form of energy being transformed into another form (inter-conversion). Energy to move the ball in these collisions comes from the footballer as well as the tennis players. For example, the footballer transfers some of his stored energy at the collision that occurs when he kicks the ball and starts it moving with kinetic energy. Each tennis player transfers some of her energy to the racquet. At the instant that the racquet hits the ball you have a very violent collision with very large forces and energy is transferred to the ball. The moving ball has a lot of kinetic.Every time a ball is kicked or hit, the ball actually compresses and gets deformed from all the force that is applied to it. In each process a lot of energy is transferred into the form of heat, friction, sound and vibrations. Then the ball changes direction and expands back into its original shape. Do the activity on collisions as indicated in your SIM.

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FEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


X

Total kinetic energy -Before the collision: Car = 200,000 J; Truck =

600,000 JAfter the collision: Car = 50,000 J; Truck =

150,000 J

3 - COLLISIONSVehicular Collisions

Question 1a: Observe this collision.

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Question 1b: Watch/listen to this other vehicular collision at > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsBJKb_Sr6s

cont’d

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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Question 2: What energy transfers do you think take place from the collision of the vehicles?

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CHECK

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


X


Feedback to Question 2: What energy transfers do you think take place from the collision of the vehicles?

In (a) The total kinetic energy before the collision is not equal to the total kinetic energy after the collision. A large portion of the kinetic energy must have converted to other forms of energy.

Did you notice? ….In the videos the vehicles rebounded from the collision, continued to move, then came to rest.

There was sound energy and fire (so thermal energy is also inferred!). So kinetic energy is converted to other forms of energy.

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FEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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4 - MOVING STATIONARY OBJECTS

Activity 4.1 - A Swinging SphereA simple pendulum consists of a relatively

massive object or bob from a fixed support.

it typically hangs vertically in its equilibrium or ‘resting’ position, where it has gravitational potential energy.

Look at the videos at >

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcjaMztsLg8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2GdY1OlDpA&NR=1&feature=endscreen >

Watch the demonstration your teacher set up.

On the next slide, answer this question. What energy transfer occurs as the bob swings to the left then back to the right?

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OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


X


Activity 4.1 - A Swinging SphereWhat energy transfer occurs as the bob swings to

the left then back to the right? Type your response in the box below and then click CHECK for possible answer.

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CHECK

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


X


Activity 4.1 - A Swinging Sphere

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Each time the pendulum bob swings, starting from A, its kinetic energy increases as the bob acquires velocity and approaches the equilibrium position at D. Then the kinetic energy decreases as the bob moves further away from the equilibrium position to G.At the same time, as the bob moves towards its equilibrium position D, it decreases its height and decreases its potential energy. Then, it begins to increase potential energy again going up to G. Cont’d

When the bob is displaced from its equilibrium or resting position, and is lifted above its resting position A, and released, the conversion or transfer of gravitational potential energy into kinetic (motion) energy occurs as it begins its back and forth movement. The movement is regular and repeating.

PE increases PE decreases

FEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


X


Activity 4.1 – A Swinging Sphere

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Each time the pendulum bob starts its return from G, its kinetic energy increases as the bob approaches the equilibrium position at D. Meanwhile, because there is energy transfers, the potential energy decreases.Read and observe the animation at >http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/energy/pe.cfmPay attention to the animated bars for PE and KE and also note how height and velocity of the bob varies as the energy transfers occur.

PE decreases PE increases

FEEDBACK cont’d

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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A Spring Pendulum

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The spring pendulum is a mass (brown) suspended from a spring (blue). It is an example of an object that undergoes vibrational motion. The mass hangs at a resting position. If the mass is pulled down, the spring is stretched. Once the mass is released, it begins to vibrate. It moves back and forth, vibrating about a fixed position. It has three modes of oscillation and energy will slowly transfer back and forth between the modes. Watch the demonstration your teacher has set up.

OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


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Compressing A Spring Watch from 1.34 – 2.00 and try it also if you have a slinky > http://tinyurl.com/oszjvfh

One instance where energy is converted and transferred would be when you press down a spring. The energy (which is in the form of stored chemical energy in your muscles) is converted to elastic potential energy of the spring! If you let go off the spring, it will jump back/spring up: the energy it will use to spring up is actually the chemical energy that was in your arms but which had now been transferred to the spring

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OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


X

END OF ACTIVITY

You have reached the end of this slide set.

If you wish to review any concepts in this lesson, go to the first slide and click on the topic in the Menu at left.

If you have finished this lesson, click Close (X).

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OBJECTIVES

1 - What is energy?


3 - Collisions

OVERVIEW


X

CREDITS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Usain_Bolt_winning-cropped.jpg

http://www.greenearthproject.com/Forms.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_power_transmission

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pylon_ds.jpg

http://schools.utah.gov/arc/curr/grade8scienceoer.pdf

Modified from: The Physics behind Baseball ball meets bat” Copyright © 2002 Jonathan R. Drobnis; http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/211_fall2002.web.dir/Jon_Drobnis/bmb.html

http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/demobook/chapter1.htm

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/waves/u10l0c.cfm

http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/demobook/chapter1.htm

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simple_harmonic_oscillator.gif http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/waves/u10l0a.cfm#p http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/

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Education

Integrated Science M5 Energy Transfer