Innovations in communications By S B Ray

Innovations in communication Since 18th Century in

India, UK, France & USA

BRCM Public School Vidyagram Bahal Bhiwani Haryana

innovations on COMMUNICATION

Communication is key to

maintaining successful business

relations. Communication begins with

language, the distinctive ability which

has made possible the evolution of

human society. With language any

message, can be conveyed between

people over a limited distance i.e.

within a room or place of assembly, or

across a short open space.


Communication with Writing:

When running with a message, to

convey it in spoken form, it is safer to do it

oneself. Sending anyone else is unreliable,

So another requirement for efficient

communication is a system of writing.


Imperial communication: 522-486 BC.

Speeding up the messenger: 2nd -

11th century.

Pigeon post: from the 11th century.

Gutenberg and western printing: 1439

– 1457.

The spread of printing: 1457-1500.

First with the news: 1609-1690.

Improving the post: 1633-1639.

invention of the telescope in the 17th

century.


Types of Communication:

Verbal Communication

Non-Verbal Communication

Written Communication


VERBAL COMMUNICATION:

Verbal or oral communication uses spoken

words to communicate a message. When most

people think of verbal communication, they think

of speaking, but listening is an equally important

skill for this type of communication to be

successful. Verbal communication is applicable to

a wide range of situations, ranging from informal

office discussions to public speeches made to

thousands of people.



NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION:

Non-verbal communication includes body

language, gestures, facial expressions, and even

posture. Non-verbal communication sets the tone

of a conversation, and can seriously undermine

the message contained in your words if you are

not careful to control it. For example, slouching

and shrinking back in your chair during a

business meeting can make you seem under-

confident, which may lead people to doubt the

strength of your verbal contributions.



WRITTEN COMMUNICATION:

Written communication is essential for

communicating complicated information, such

as statistics or other data, that could not be

easily communicated through speech alone.

Written communication also allows information

to be recorded so that it can be referred to at a

later date.



Optical signals: 18th century

In the 18th century communication was

very limited compared to us now but they

wrote letters, sent telegrams, gave a message

to a messenger, attached a letter to a bird and

(obviously) talked to each other.


IMAGES ON 18TH CENTURY:


19th century communication system:

The 19th century introduced new and

increasingly efficient forms of transportation

and communication to Newfoundland and

Labrador. Roads and railways linked many

isolated communities by providing fast and

convenient modes of land-based

transportation, while government-subsidized

steamships transported mail, freight, and

passengers to remote coastal settlements and

urban centres.


Water colour of Heart's Content, 1866. Heart's Content, NL served as a terminus for the world's first submarine transatlantic telegraph cable.Water colour by Robert Dudley.

Courtesy of Library and Archives Canada (C-150019), Ottawa, Ontario.

http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/c_150019.html


SS Curlew, pre-1923.The SS Curlew transported mail and passengers along

the Newfoundland and Labrador coast in the 2nd half of the 19th century.Photographer unknown.

Reproduced by permission of the Archives and

Manuscripts Division (Coll. 137 24.02.009), QE II

Library, Memorial University, St. John's, NL.

http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/coll_137_24_02_009.html


Train and coastal boat, post-1897.The Newfoundland railway connected major bays to one another and linked rural villages to larger centres. Photographer unknown. Reproduced by permission of the Archives and Manuscripts Division (Coll. 137 24.01.006), QE II Library, Memorial University, St. John's, NL.

http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/coll_137_24_01_006.html


Communications:Advancements in telecommunications during

the 19th century significantly altered the way

Newfoundland and Labrador people interacted with

one another and the rest of the world. Instead of

waiting weeks or even months for mail and news to

arrive by boat, residents in rural and urban

communities could use the telegraph and later

telephone to almost instantly contact people and

businesses in other towns and countries. As North

America's most easterly point, the island of

Newfoundland played a central role in the

development of transatlantic telecommunications,

which earned it a degree of international fame and

a place in telecommunications history.


Telegraph:A telegraph is a machine that

can send and receive messages by wire over long distances using Morse code. Telegraph lines existed in much of North America by 1850, but not in Newfoundland and Labrador. In September 1851, telegraph engineer Frederick Grisborne submitted a proposal to the Newfoundland and Labrador legislature to build a telegraph system from St. John's to Cape Race, on the southeastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula, and to Cape Ray on the island's west coast, and to connect that line to Nova Scotia by submarine cable.


Telephone:

Alexander Graham Bell

introduced another form of

fast and convenient long-

distance communication in

1874 when he invented the

telephone.


20th century communication system:

Radio:Radio was first used by the

military as a means of

communication for Navy ships. In

1920, radio became the first form

of mass-communication. Radio

programs, like the television

programs of today, became a

popular form of entertainment.

Families sat around their radios

listening to drama, mystery, and

detective serials, soap operas,

news programs, and children's

shows.


Television:In the late 1920's, the idea of "radio movies" was demonstrated before a large audience in New York City and television was born. The first pictures were very blurry, and were broadcast over a screen that was only the size of a postage stamp!

Television images continued to improve during the 1930's and early 1940's. By the end of the 1940's, broadcasting companies were presenting programs that brought families together to watch their favorite shows in front of television sets around the country.

Since the 1940's television technology has made great progress. Television programming developed rapidly, and television became the fastest form of mass-communication. Color televisions, cable and satellite TV, video recorders, and remote controls have all been added to televisions of earlier years. New and exciting developments are still to come for TV audiences!


Telephones:

Telephones have changed greatly since

the late 1800's when they first became

popular. Telephone lines connecting the east

and west coasts of the United States were

completed in 1915, making it possible to speak

to someone across the country. Today, in the

21st century, phone calls between friends and

businesses around the world are common

everyday occurrences.


Computers:

The computer is a 20th century

technological wonder. With all of the new

inventions and improvements that had made life

easier in the late 19th and 20th centuries, it was

almost unthinkable that life could get any better

in the modern world. Then along came an

innovation that changed the lives of people,

businesses, and industries throughout the

world. Computers have given us easy access to

a wealth of information and knowledge, and

they have made countless jobs much faster and

easier.


21st century communication system:

The 21st century is the current

century of the Anno Domini era or

the Common Era, in accordance with

the Gregorian calendar. It began on

January 1, 2001, and will end on

December 31, 2100. It is the first

century of the 3rd millennium. It is

distinct from the century known as

the 2000s, which began on January

1, 2000 and will end on December

31, 2099.


The Digital Revolution continues

into the early 21st century. Steve Jobs

(1955–2011) is shown here holding the

first generation Apple I-pad.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_with_the_Apple_iPad_no_logo_(cropped).jpg


21st Century Innovation Topics :

1. Energy conservation

2. Resource protection

3. Food and water production and

distribution

4. Waste management

5. Education and learning

6. Medicine and prolonging life

7. Security and counter-terrorism

8. New technology

9. Genetics and cloning

10. Global communication

11. Traffic and population logistics


12. Knowledge sharing

13. Integrated electronic environment

14. Globalization

15. AI, interfaces and robotics

16. Weather prediction and control

17. Sustainable development

18. Entertainment

19. Space exploration

20. "Virtualization" and VR

21. Preservation of history

22. Preservation of species

21st Century Innovation Topics :


Innovations of the 21st Century: 10 of the Best Inventions in Recent History

1) iPod and iTunes: These two interrelated inventions from

Apple Inc. presented a revolutionary new way for people

to listen to music and fundamentally changed the music

and recording industry.

2) iPhone: The iPhone from Apple Inc was released in June of

2007 and radically altered the way mobile phones are used

personally and in business.

3) Electric Car: Tesla Motors was formed in 2003 and unveiled

its first production-model all-electric car in 2008.

4) YouTube: YouTube was debuted in 2005 and had a

significant impact on media distribution and social

networking.

5) Teleportation: In 2002, research at the Australian National

University resulted in the successful teleportation of a

laser beam.

http://img.bhs4.com/1b/5/1b58f9a4b98a9dde2e9bee166dd207f061596288_large.jpg


Innovations of the 21st Century: 10 of the Best Inventions in Recent History

6) AbioCor Artificial Heart: The AbioCor artificial heart was initially

implanted into a patient in 2001. It is the first device that is

completely self-contained and doesn’t require external wires or

tubes.

7) Blu-ray Players: Blu-ray is a storage medium for optical discs that is

used primarily for high definition video. Blu-ray was commercially

introduced in 2006 and uses a blue laser to read or write data to a

disc.

8) Facebook: Facebook was not the first social networking website,

but its introduction in 2004 was the most influential in the

development of the medium.

9) Solar Shingles: Introduced in 2005, the Dow Chemical company

developed a thin film solar photovoltaic roof shingle.

10) Smart Bullet: Smart bullets use microchip technology to detonate

a round beyond an obstruction. By using the weapons range finder,

the number of bullet rotations is calculated to determine the

distance to the target. Soldiers in urban situations can use these

smart bullets to reduce collateral damage while terminating

enemies that are hiding behind obstructions.

http://www.brighthub.com/computing/windows-platform/articles/7283.aspx

http://www.brighthub.com/computing/windows-platform/articles/7283.aspx

http://www.brighthub.com/environment/renewable-energy/articles/84746.aspx


The New Century:

The 21st century is only a decade

old. The future is promising, and it

will be interesting to see how the list

of the best inventions of the 21st

century changes as the years unfold.

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Thanking U…………….By:

Sibabrata Balabantaray