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Peter Dyment Ltd November 2014 Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings For Health , Personal Comfort and Learning Efficiency

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

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Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings - For Health , Personal Comfort and Learning Efficiency

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Page 1: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Peter Dyment Ltd November 2014

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

For Health , Personal Comfort and

Learning Efficiency

Page 2: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Indoor Air Quality perception is different for each individual

Clean air of the correct temperature and humidity is required.

ECONOMIC AND HEALTH PENALTY

Loss of Work Efficiency with poor IAQ or Sick Building Syndrome

ECONOMIC AND HEALTH BENEFIT

In an office study productivity increased by 6.5% and error rate reduced

by 18% when an indoor pollution source was removed. Wargocki et al 1999

Indoor Air Quality for School buildings 2

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Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

What are the key elements that make Comfortable IAQ

1. Clean Air 2. Comfortable Air Temperature3. Comfortable level of Humidity4. Ventilation rate 5. An Air tight building envelope 6. Planned plant maintenance

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Clean Indoor Air Quality helps improve learning

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

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1. Clean air can be an issue especially in urban and industrial locations with high levels of background air pollution. Air filtration is usually needed

2. For comfort we need the air to be clean and in a narrow band of temperature 20-24 deg.C.

3. For comfort Relative Humidity should be about 40% to 60%

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

We spend up to 90% of our time inside buildings so clean IAQ matters.

Page 5: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

4. Optimum ventilation can be effective to certain level to

dilute Carbon dioxide and air pollutants.

5. An airtight building envelope can be designed and

tested on new build projects.

6. Standards and Guidelines should be followed to ensure

Clean Healthy Indoor Air Quality is maintained.

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Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings 6

OzoneOzone

Poly cyclic

aromatic

hydrocarbons

What is in the air that we do not see?

What is risk to our Health?

Page 7: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

What is the major risk to health?Air Pollution causes up to 360,000 premature deaths per year in the EU. Pope et al 2002

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings 7

Particles

Cardio vascular diseases

Lung diseases

Asthma

Increased mortality in heart and lung diseases

and cancer

Nitrogen dioxides

Asthma and breathing disorder

Reduced lung function

Reduced immunological defense.

Cancer?

Ozone

Asthmatic disorders, mucous irritation,

eye irritation, headache

Benzene & PAH

Cancer

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1148 Schools in Greater London are within 160 metres of an arterial road that carries as an annual average a daily rate of more than 10,000 motor vehicles

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Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings 9

Page 10: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Some Pollutants are Outdoor Sourced Some are Indoor Sourced Which are more harmful?

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Page 11: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Healthvent EU Project Report 2013

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings11

Page 12: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Healthvent EU Project Report 2013

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings12

Page 13: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

How much is too much?

Particles PM2.5 *

� Max 25 µg/m3 /24 h

� Max 10 µg/m3 /year annual mean

Nitrogen dioxide:

� Max 200 µg/m3 /1h mean

� Max 40 µg/m3 /year annual mean

Ozone:

� Below 100 µg/m3 – 8 h mean

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To protect people's health & the environment

Agreed with EU directives

* WHO has declared fine combustion particles from diesel engines are now classed as a Group 1 Carcinogen

Page 14: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Indoor Air Quality problems can be determined by Air Quality testing

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Indoor air pollutants can be measured and assessed by use of a particle counter or for gas pollutants a gas monitor or a City check kit as shown. This kit can determine concentration levels for 39 different problem gas pollutants.

Once the type and concentration of the pollutants has been determined and the risk level determined, action can be taken when required to make reductions.

Portable handheld particle counter

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Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings 15

HiFlo M7 Bag filterCity-Flo Bag filter

Citycarb compact filterCitysorb compact filter

Low Energy Air Filters consistent and effective IAQ performance

•Low Energy Air Filters

with EN13779:2007

performance F7 to F9

•Gas filtration also to

EN13779:2007 when

required.

• Micro-fibre glass medium

performs consistently for

up to 2 years.

•Low operating pressure

drop for best energy

efficiency.

•Minimal maintenance and

disposal costs

Page 16: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings 16

•Particle filtration

•Gas filtration

•Without upgrading

the main HVAC system

•Energy efficient

Stand alone portable air cleaners provide a practical health and economic solution

Mix recirculation and supply air

Fast response and portable to give Clean Indoor Air Quality

Page 17: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings 17

Proof of performance of Standalone Air Purifier

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Recent measurements for airborne respirable particles 0.3 to 0.5 micron dia.

Particles - millions per M3 of airInside Air Outside AirTube station 1000

Euston taxi rank 900Paddington station 600

Marble Arch 400 Westminster 400

Hotel Westminster 200 Fleet st. 220Office lobby Fleet st. 110Office Upper Th. st. 65 Office with cleaned air 5 or less Rural garden 5Anything above 10 million per M3 should be cleaner

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An airtight building envelope can prevent ingress of air pollution for clean IAQ

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Particles counted are mainly toxic fine combustion particulates from traffic

BenefitParticle Reduction of 78%between Outside and Inside Air

Particle Reduction to Supply Air also byEffective Air Filtration

Page 20: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Air Duct hygiene inspection and cleaning

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BS EN15780 : 2011 Ventilation for buildings also the new updated

B&ES TR19 Guide to good practice - Internal Cleanliness of Ventilation Systems

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Airtight building testing

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Airtight building envelope testing is becoming a requirement for many new-build projects

BSRIA Air Tightness for compliance to Part L1 and L2 building regulations. Member of ATTMA, the appointed air pressure testing organisation for the BINDT

Once the air tightness of a building envelope is known it is possible to assess the required air change rates to give adequate ventilation.

Carbon dioxide reduction along with other internal background gas phase pollutants can be achieved.

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Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Clearly the elements are available for

Good Indoor Air Quality

1. Effective Low Energy Air Filters in Air Handling Units or stand alone air cleaners

2. Air Temperature control

3. Humidity level control when needed

4. Ventilation rate sufficient to dilute levels of Carbon Dioxide and replace Oxygen.

5. An Air tight building envelope with tested performance

6. Effective monitoring and planned maintenance that includes AHU and Air Duct Hygiene inspection and cleaning

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Air System AHU and Duct maintenance is a short payback measure to achieve clean IAQ.

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

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Schools fail Indoor Air Quality Tests?

Each School College and University needs to be assessed by location, plant and Indoor Air Quality

Page 24: Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings

Thank you for your attention

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Questions?

[email protected]

Indoor Air Quality for School Buildings