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TRIBALS IN INDIANAME : BIKRANT ROYCLASS : VII BROLL NO: 06SUBJECT : SST

THEAPATANIS

The Apatanis are settled in the lower Subansiri district of Arunachal and are one of the most advancing tribes of the state. There are no literary sources regarding the origin and migration of the Apatanis and the archaeological evidences are too meagre to throw however, the Apatanis have preserved different myths and traditions, which throw welcome light on all aspects of their life including their origin and migration.

Abujmaria

These Indian tribes can be seen in the mountain regions of Madhya Pradesh. These tribes of India have a very deep history. In the earlier period Abujmaria tribes were known as Abudjamadis, Abujmariya and Hill Maria. These Indian tribes were considered as a sub part of the important gonds tribes (discussed earlier) who played a pivotal role in knowing the original Indian tribes.These tribes of India are generally found in Abujhmar Mountains and KutrumarHillsin the Bastar district of Madhya Pradesh.They generally speak the Dravidian form of language, Abujmaria bein the native language of these tribes of India.

The Adivasi Girasia of IndiaThe Adiwasi Girasia, inhabits the Banaskantha and Sabarkantha districts of northern Gujarat State of western central India.The Adiwasi Girasia are the descendants of the Rajput who married Bhil women. During the thirteenth century, many poor Rajput fled to the Vindhya and Aravalli hills where they mixed with the Bhil settlersWhat are their beliefs?Sixty percent of the Adiwasi practice ethnic religions, and 30% are Hindus. The latter respect cows, worship the millions of Hindu gods, and also believe in many spirits. They all have a strong fear of ghosts, spirits of the dead, and black magic.What are their lives like?Among the Adiwasi Girasia, the average land holding is small and therefore, the man of the household is able to do all of the work himself. Their strong sense of community often leads to an exchange of field labor among themselves. Maize is the staple food grown by all families. Many also depend on forest produce as a means of support. The people are generally vegetarians and are no longer addicted to alcohol like other Bhil tribes.

AdiyanPopulation: 9690Adiyan - The wordAdiyanmeans slave. in Malayalam. The Adiyans are found in the them are agricultural labourers. It is believed that they were agrWayanad and Kannur districts of Kerala. Most of icultural slaves in the past. During the annual festival at the Valliyurkkavu temple in Mananthavady, Wayand, the Adiyar people used to gather where they were sold and bought by landlords.

AhirPlace /Location (then and now)Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh & BengalPopulation750,000Languages spokenHindiReligion/GodLord KrishnaFoodRice, wheat , millet, mutton, chicken, fish & eggs

These tribes are found mainly in the Andaman Islands, Arunachal Pradesh and also in parts of Assam. The Aka people are so named for a black, sticky paint they use on their faces.They used to speakAka(now an extinct language) on the Andaman Islands andAka Lel, a dialect ofNisi, in Assam.The Aka people in Assam celebrate the Nechido Festival every year on the first day of November.Aka

Alar is a tribal community settled in the regions ofPalakkad District,Kerala. They are also known by different names such as Chathans and Chatans. The Alar andMalayalamare the two languages spoken by them.Alars perform theChatthankali, a dance form prevalent in many areas ofPonnaniandTirurinMalappuram District. The dance is performed in the attire of a village deity, with the accompaniment of percussion instruments.

Alar Tribe

Amri KaribThe Karbis are the principal tribal community in theKarbi Anglongdistrict ofAssam, a district administered as per the provisions of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India, having an autonomous district of their own since 17 November 1951.[3]Besides Karbi Anglong district, the Karbi-inhabited areas includeDima Hasao,Kamrup,Marigaon district,Nagaon,Golaghat,KarimganjandSonitpurdistricts ofAssam; Balijan circle ofPapumparedistrict inArunachal Pradesh,Jaintia Hills,Ri BhoiandEast Khasi Hillsdistricts inMeghalaya, andDimapur DistrictinNagaland. Apart from Assam, the Karbis are also recognised as Scheduled Tribes in Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland. With a population of around 4 lakhs 6 thousand (406,000) .

The Anal live in the Manipur region of north-east India, which is surrounded by theImphal valleyto the north,Churachandpurto the west, theChin Hillsto the south andKabaw valleyto the east. The area is very hilly, with thick jungles and many wild animals.According to the 2001 census, there are approximately 21,242 Anal in Manipur.In 1981 they were living in 45 villages.

Anal tribe

Angami tribe

The Angami Nagas are hill people depending basically on cultivation and livestock-rearing. The Angamis are known forterraced wet-rice cultivation; because of this labor-intensive cultivation, land is the most important form of property among the Angamis. Angamis are one of the only two groups ofNagasout of the seventeen who practice wet-rice cultivation on terraces made on the hill slopes. This allows them to cultivate the same plot year after year. They depend, to a very small extent, on slash-and-burn cultivation. Angamis were traditionally warriors, the Angami men spent majority of their time in warfare with hostile villages andtaking heads. Since 1879, when theBritishsucceeded in annexing their territory.

Ahom tribe

TheAhom people ofAssamare the descendants of the ethnicTai peoplethat accompanied the Tai princeSukaphaainto theBrahmaputravalley in 1228 and ruled the area for six centuries. Sukaphaa and his followers established theAhom kingdom(1228-1826) and theAhom dynastyruled and expanded the kingdom until the British gained control of the region through theTreaty of Yandaboupon winning theFirst Anglo-Burmese Warin 1826. The kingdom established by the Ahom people gave Assam its name.

Bakarwals tribe

Bakarwal(orBakharwal) is anomadictribe based in thePir PanjalandHimalayanmountains ofSouth Asia. They are mainlygoatherdsandshepherds. They are called asDhangarin rest of India.

Bakarwals are spread throughout the northern part of the Himalayan Range. This includes the states ofUttarakhand,Himachal Pradesh,Punjab (India)inIndia. InPakistan, Bakarwals are found in the hilly northern parts ofPunjab (Pakistan)as well as parts of theNorth West Frontier Province.InJammu and Kashmirin India, Bakarwals are found in all three regions of the state including Jammu (comprising the districts ofJammu,Kathua,Udhampur,Poonch,RajouriandDistrict), the Kashmir Valley (comprising the diatrict ofSrinagar,Baramulla,Kupwara,Pulwama,BudgamandAnantnag) andLadakh(comprising the district ofLadakhandKargil).In Pakistan, Bakarwals inhabit theNorthern Areas(Gilgit, theHunza ValleyandBaltistan) andAzad Kashmir.

Banjaras tribe

TheBanjaraare a class of usually described as nomadic people from the Indian state of Rajasthan, North-West Gujarat, and Western Madhya Pradesh and Eastern Sindh province of pre-independence Pakistan. They claim to belong to the clan of AgnivanshiRajputs, and are also known as Lakha Banjara means 'Lakhapati',Banjari, Pindari, Bangala, Banjori, Banjuri, Brinjari, Lamani, Lamadi, Lambani, Labhani, Lambara, Lavani, Lemadi, Lumadale, Labhani Muka, Goola, Gurmarti, Gormati, Kora, Sugali, Sukali, Tanda, Vanjari, Vanzara, and Wanji. Together with theDomba, they are sometimes called the "gypsies of India".[2]

Bhils tribeThe Bhils are considered as the third largest and most widely distributed tribal groupsin India. The name "Bhil" was probably derived from the wordvilluorbillu, which in most Dravidian languages is the word for "bow." The bow has long been a characteristic weapon of the Bhil because the tribesmen always carry their bows and arrows with them. The Bhil tribes inhabit some of the most remote and inaccessible areas of India.There are two divisions of Bhils: the Central or "pure" Bhils, and the Eastern or Rajput Bhils. The Central Bhils live in the mountain regions in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan. They are known as the connecting link between the Gujaratis and the Rajasthanis and are one of the largest tribal communities of India. They speakBhili, which is an Indo-Aryan language. The Bhils are known to have fought against the Mughals, Marathas , British.

Cheros tribe

TheCheroarescheduled caste, found in the states ofUttar PradeshandBihar, inNorth India.[2]The community claims to have originally beenChandravanshiRajputs. Other members of the tribe claim to beNagvanshi. The Chero are essentially one of many tribal communities, such as theBharandKol, that inhabit the southeastern corner ofUttar Pradesh. They were the traditional rulers of northBihar, until they were disposed by theRajputs. They are now found in a territory extending fromAllahabadin the west, andMuzaffarpurin the east. The Chero have two sub-divisions, the Mahto and Chaudhary.[3]

Gaddi tribeTheGaddiare a tribe living mainly in the Indian states ofHimachal PradeshandJammu and Kashmir.As of 2001, the Gaddi were classified as aScheduled Tribeunder theIndian government's reservation programofpositive discrimination. This classification applied through Jammu and Kashmir and in certain parts of Himachal Pradesh.

Gond tribeTheGondi(Gndi) orGondpeople are people in central India, spread over the states ofMadhya Pradesh, easternMaharashtra(Vidarbha),Chhattisgarh, northernAndhra Pradesh, andWestern Odisha. With over four million people, they are the largesttribein Central India.[2]Gond or Rajgond are same tribes. The term Raj Gond was widely used in 1950s, but has now become almost obsolete, probably because of the political eclipse of the Gond Rajas.[3]TheGondi languageis related toTeluguand otherDravidian languages. About half of Gonds speak Gondi languages,[4]while the rest speakIndo-Aryan languagesincludingHindi.

Naga tribe

The termNaga peoplerefers to a conglomeration ofseveral tribesinhabiting the North Eastern part ofIndiaand north-westernBurma. The tribes have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority ethnic group in theIndian statesofNagaland,Manipur,Arunachal PradeshandAssam, as well asMyanmar. Out of the numerous unique identities of the Nagas, the most unique traditional items that can be found in almost all of the Naga tribes and that distinctly separate Nagas from the other tribals are the Conical red headgear decorated with wild-boar canine teeth and white-black Hornbill feathers, the spear with the shaft decorated with red-black hairs and the unique Dao with broad blade and long handle.

Santhals tribeA step forward, in our Indian tribal tour takes us to Santhal tribe. With a population of more than 49000, Santhal tribes are the third largest tribes in India. Belonging to pre Aryan period, these tribes of India are found in regions of West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Jharkhand. Many call them as the tribesat extreme, a visit to their place will surly get your moneys worth.

Santhal Tribesof India take pride in their past. Historically, these Indian tribes were at front end againstBritishers, and their heroics against Lord Cornwallis are well known. Many famous personalities suchas Sidhu and Baba Tilka Majhi were part of these enthusiastic tribes of India.

Munda tribe

TheMundaaretribal (Adivasi)people of theChota Nagpur Plateauregion.They are found across, and into parts ofBangladesh. Their language isMundari, which belongs to theMunda subgroupof theAustroasiatic language family.There are estimated to be two million Munda people.

Kolis tribe TheKoli peopleare historically an ethnic group native toRajasthan,Himachal Pradesh,Gujarat,Maharashtra,Uttar PradeshandHaryanastates.The Kolis of Gujarat intermixed withRajputsdue to the practice ofhypergamousmarriage,which was commonly used to enhance or secure social status as, for example, with theNairsandNambudiriBrahminsofKe-rala.Some Kolis had also once held smallprincedomsbefore theBritish Rajperiod and some were still significant landholders and tenants in the twentieth century.However, most Kolis had lost their once-equal standing with thePatidar community due to the land reforms of the Raj period and, for example, most Kolis in theSurashtra regionof Gujarat were still occupied as agricultural labourers or tenant cultivators in the 1990s.

Koragas tribeTheKoragasare a tribal community found mainly in theDakshina Kannada,Udupidistricts ofKarnatakaand theKasaragod districtofKerala, south India. These areas in Karnataka, are altogether often referred to asTulu Nadu.They are also found in small numbers in adjoining districts ofUttara -Kannada,ShimogaandKodagu.The Koraga are classified by the Government of India as aScheduled Tribe.The Koraga, who numbered 16,071 according to the 2001 census of India,have their ownlanguage, classified as an independentdravidian language,which is strongly influenced byKannada,MalayalamandTululanguages commonly found in their area.

Maravars tribe

Maravar are aTamilcommunity of the state ofTamil Nadu, southern India, and are one of the three branches of theMukkulathorconfederacy.Maravars are found predominantly in the Southern districts of Tamil Nadu, such as Madurai, Theni, Sivagangai, Ramanathapuram, Dindigul, Virudhunagar, Thirunelveli, Thoothukudi and districts of Tamil Nadu. They are also found in central districts of Tamil Nadu like Pudukottai, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Nagapattinam and Tiruchy. They ruled portions of Tamil Nadu along with the Kallars. The Southern martial arts of Kalarippayattu, Silambam, Varma Kalai have been practiced primarily by Kallars, Maravars and Nairs of erstwhile Travancore areas.[1]In British times, theRamnadandSivagangaestates were administered by Maravars.

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