INDIA-ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS

SOUTHASIA IN THE ANCIENT

PERIOD:

• You are about to see the trailer of this film.

• It is a famous film from India.

• Be able to describe the Indian culture upon watching the trailer.

• How would you describe the Indian culture based on the trailer of the film “The Life of Pi”?

Colorful reliefs of Hindu gods adorn a temple at Meenakshi, IndiaCredit: jaume | Shutterstock

• In Canada, a writer visits the Indian storyteller Pi Patel and asks him to tell

his life story. Pi tells the story of his childhood in Pondicherry, India, and the

origin of his nickname. One day, his father, a zoo owner, explains that the

municipality is no longer supporting the zoo and he has hence decided to

move to Canada, where the animals the family owns would also be sold.

They board on a Japanese cargo ship with the animals and out of the blue,

there is a storm, followed by a shipwrecking. Pi survives in a lifeboat with a

zebra, an orangutan, a hyena and a male Bengal tiger nicknamed Richard

Parker. They are adrift in the Pacific Ocean, with aggressive hyena and

Rickard Parker getting hungry. Pi needs to find a way to survive.

- Written by Claudio Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazilhttp://www.imdb.com/title/tt0454876/plotsummary

http://mashcultu.re/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/life-of-pi-cover.jpeg

• Some people used "Sa Prathama Sanskrati Vishvavara" — the first and the supreme culture in the world to describe the Indian culture.

• India is a very diverse country.

• Each region has its own unique culture. Colorful reliefs of Hindu gods adorn a temple at Meenakshi, IndiaCredit: jaume | Shutterstock

http://www.livescience.com/28634-indian-culture.html

• The national languages are Hindi and English.

• There are about 22 official languages and nearly 400 living languages spoken in various parts of the country.

• Most of the languages of India belong to two families, Aryan and Dravidian.


http://www.usefoundation.org/userdata/image/india1.gif

• India is identified as the birthplace of Hinduism and Buddhism.

• 84% of the population practice Hindu. There are many variations of Hinduism, and four predominant sects are Shaiva, Vaishnava, Shakteya and Smarta.

• 31% of Indians are Muslim, making it one of the largest Islamic nations in the world.

• Christians and Sikhs make up a small percentage of the population, and there are even fewer Buddhists and Jains.


http://religion.indianetzone.com/images/home_11.jpg

• Indian cuisine boasts Arab, Turkish and European influences.

• It is known for its large assortment of dishes and its liberal use of herbs and spices.

• Cooking styles vary from region to region.http://www.goodlifer.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/ghee_recipes.jpg

• Indian clothing is closely identified with the colorful silk saris worn by many of the country’s women.

• The traditional clothing for men is the dhoti, an unstitched piece of cloth about 5 yards long that is tied around the waist and legs.

• Men also wear a kurta, a loose shirt that is worn about knee-length.

• For special occasions, men wear a sherwani, which is a long coat that is buttoned up to the collar and down to the knees.


http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-clothing/gifs/sherwani.jpg

http://www.adpost.com/classifieds/upload/uk/clothing_accessories/

uk_clothing_accessories.10296.1.jpg

• You are about to see a short video clip about the early Indus Valley civilizations – Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.

• Be able to describe the culture of ancient India based on this.

• What is the significance of the Mohenjo-daro and Harappa for India?

• It is an archaeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.

• It was built around 2600 BCE.

• It was once one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, and one of the world's earliest major urban settlement.

• Mohenjo-daro was abandoned in the 19th century BCE, and was not rediscovered until 1922.

• Significant excavation has since been conducted at the site of the city, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1980.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro

• It is an archaeological site in Punjab, eastern Pakistan, about 24 km (15 mi) west of Sahiwal.

• The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappa

A large well and bathing platforms are remains of Harappa's final phase of occupation from 2200 to

1900 BC.

• These were the most developed and advanced cities in South Asia during its peak.

• The cities showed the astonishing skills of its people in planning and engineering.

• Its public buildings suggested a high degree of social organization.

• These civilizations introduced the first urban sanitation system to the world.http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080224083920AA9lh1r

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=importance+of+mohenjo-daro+and+harappa&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=2WUNU9CvG6GuiAfA3YGIDQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1440&bih=775#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=h5hBuCZAZzmGWM%253A%3BeG--8iSyS66ogM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Findebo.com%252Fblog%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F02%252Fgatewa10.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Findebo.com%252Fblog%252Fnorthern-india%252Fthe-lost-city-of-harappa%252F%3B610%3B392

Copy the figures below using “screen shot”. Fill in the required answers using your ebook at Lesson#14.

TURNING POINTS DURING

THE INDO-ARYANS’

RULE


THE MAURYAN

EMPIRE RULE


THE KUSHAN

RULE


THE GUPTA EMPIRE

RULE


THE MOGUL EMPIRE

RULE

• They were the first group of people to settle in India during the Paleolithic period.

• They may have been from the Australoid group.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples

http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kidspast.com%2Fworld-history%2F0104-aryan-life.php&h=0&w=0&sz=1&tbnid=8L8mEYqhUl4PUM&tbnh=228&tbnw=221&zoom=1&docid=Ndpa76ikqZRvBM&ei=fWwNU8WDBKnpiAf674HwAw&ved=0CAIQsCUoAA

• It happened from 1500 to 900 B.C.E.

• It was derived from the word Vedas meaning “knowledge.”

• Vedas are texts of hymns of praise that are transmitted orally.

• The Indo-Aryans at this period drove the Dravidians toward the south.

• Most of them became farmers and learned how to live in settled communities.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples

http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FRushikeshTambat%2Fancient-indian-learning-system-gurukul-system&h=0&w=0&sz=1&tbnid=4lTBnYVFST_usM&tbnh=194&tbnw=259&zoom=1&docid=QEgRSNPOXtDdHM&ei=wGwNU-6aCcfOiAfz9IGADQ&ved=0CAIQsCUoAA

• It happened upon the establishment of Indo-Aryans’ settlements in the valley of the Ganges River.

• At this period, the accounts about the way of life of the people came from epics.

• Example of epic is Mahabharata. It is the story of the great battle between two noble families.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples http://api.ning.com/files/X4bEVYFKrG0*hBFTyi5WPtp2*FDvwc1zu69tHwFhgJfQP2ek3nR4kM*VXOXpGsNnpjRsn3qw1SBYj8O3yGGpCf8XeggYCwFX

• It was considered as a succession of Vedic religion.

• It is the oldest religion in the world.

• It is the dominant religion of Indian subcontinent.

• It focus more on “daily morality” such as karma, dharma, and societal norms.

• Its main deities are Brahman (The Creator), Vishnu (The Preserver) , Shiva (The Destroyer) and Shakti(divine feminine creative power).

Shiva as a householder with wife Parvati as depicted in an 1820 Rajput painting.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva

Vishnu

Shakti

Brahma

• Development of Sanskrit language.

• Use of Rig-Veda or Songs of Wisdom

• Epic poems Mahabharata and Ramayana http://yogauniversity108.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/31306-sanskrit-alphabet.gif

• Chandragupta became its first king.

• He founded the Mauryan Empire.

• He unified India into one state.http://yogauniversity108.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/31306-sanskrit-alphabet.gif

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya

• Asoka, the grandson of Chandragupta, took over as emperor upon the death of his grand father.

• He was the greatest ruler of India.

• He adopted Buddhism. http://yogauniversity108.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/31306-sanskrit-alphabet.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka_the_Great

• Kanishka became its most powerful king.

• He ordered the construction of beautiful buildings and stimulated the study of medicine.

• He proposed the use of Mahayana Buddhism.

http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kushan.org/pictures/kanishka.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.kushan.org/essays/chronology/kanishka.htm&h=275&w=160&sz=1&tbnid=kEcQO6dy6MHOzM:&tbnh=186&tbnw=108&zoom=1&usg=__bmp2Ez_H01QRqnaSd14-t8nyRYo=&docid=rtD_zhAtMk9yfM&itg=1&sa=X&ei=ALUOU_PaE_GTiQfNvYHgDg&sqi=2&ved=0CIUBEPwdMAo

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka_the_Great

• Maharaja Sri Gupta founded the Gupta Empire.

• India reached its “Golden Age”.

• Among the other great rulers were Chandra Gupta I, Samudra Gupta the Great, and Chandra Gupta II.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empire

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=GUPTA+EMPIRE&biw=800&bih=475&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=zbUOU__NDImUiQfsmoHYDQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ#q=maharaja+sri+gupta&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=Zu8Y1zFTtXn7EM%3A%3B3KMZaapi_xKRuM%3BZu8Y1zFTtXn7EM%3A&imgrc=Zu8Y1zFTtXn7EM%253A%3BQaPWO13Fb9WkiM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.ensyklopedia.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2011%252F11%252FChandragupta-I-319-AD-335-AD.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.ensyklopedia.com%252Fchandragupta-i-maharajadhiraja-chandra-gupta-1-first-prominent-king-of-gupta-empire-319-ad-335-ad%252F%3B570%3B674

• Babur established the Mogul Empire in 1526.

• Akbar became the king of all northern India.

• He placed value on religious tolerance and improve the administration of justice. http://www.warchat.org/pictures/

first_battle_of_panipat_emperor_babur.jpg

• Read the story of Mahayana.

• Create a synopsis or summary of the story on 1 whole sheet of paper.

• Point out the various ways on how the Indian culture is implied in the story.

• Open this link to view the summary of Ramayana:

http://www.mythome.org/RamaSummary.htmlhttp://www.exoticindiaart.com/books/adhyatma_ramayana_sanskrit_text_with_transliteration_ihf022.jpg

Education

INDIA-ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS