Improving nutrient-rich small fish availability, access

and consumption within the framework of the Bangladesh Country Investment Plan

Mostafa Faruq Al BannaAssociate Research Director

FPMU, Ministry Food

Workshop on “Production and Sustainable Management of Nutrient-rich Small Fish (SIS) in Ponds and Wetlands for Improved Nutrition in South Asia” organized by

WorldFish on 1 March 2014

Presentation Outline

• Bangladesh Country Investment Plan

• Nutrition situation in Bangladesh

• Fish production and consumption

• Fish and human nutrition

• Conclusion

Bangladesh has been an early adopter of the comprehensive approach to food security and nutrition through the formulation of the National Food Policy (2006) and its Plan of Action (2008)

The framework for food security and nutrition interventions: the National Food Policy and its Plan of Action

The National Food Policy Plan of Action consisting of 26 areas of intervention and 314 actions provides a

comprehensive long-term (2008-2015) framework for:

- Coordinating government interventions

- Aligning development support to national priorities in line with the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness

- Regularly monitoring progress toward food security in line with MDG1

-Identifying needs for investments

To reduce undernourishment, stunting and underweight, food should be available, accessible and complemented by nutrition interventions

Access NutritionAvailability

Responding to L’Aquila Initiative and in line with the 5 Principles agreed in the Rome Food Summit, the CIP was approved in 2010 and revised in 2011 based on extensive consultations. It is a coherent set of 12 strategic priority investment programmes allowing to coordinate Government and Development Partners interventions It is aligned with MDG1, NFP PoA and the Sixth Five Year PlanIt focuses on investments included in the Annual Development Budget

The framework for Ag, FS &N interventions: The Country Investment Plan

The CIP and PoA provide the framework for monitoring impacts, implementation and financial commitments

Where does CIP come from

• CIP = Government’s investment plan - a living document

• One umbrella for the key investment requirements to develop agriculture, and improve food and nutrition security

• Prioritize, harmonize, and build on existing documents: NFP /PoA, sector programmes, sixth 5-year plan, ADP, MTBF

Purposes of the CIP

• Integrate and coordinate actions for food security and nutrition

• Harmonize development partner (DP) activities with the CIP

• Mobilize more financial resources from:– Government budget resources– Private investment– international sources

CIP: 12 Programs and 40 SubprogramsCOMPONENT PROGRAMME

Food Availability

1. Sustainable and diversified agriculture through integrated research and extension

2. Improved water resource management and infrastructure for irrigation purposes

3. Improved quality of input and soil fertility

4. Fisheries and aquaculture development

5. Livestock development, with a focus on poultry and dairy production

Food Access

6. Improved access to markets, value-addition in agriculture and to non farm incomes

7. Strengthened capacities for implementation and monitoring of NFP and CIP actions

8. Enhanced public food management systems

9. Institutional development and capacity development for more effective safety nets

Food Utilization

10. Community based nutrition programs and services

11. Orient food and nutrition programs through data

12. Food safety and quality improvement

• Expected outcome : Sustainable increase of fishery production through improved technology and natural resources management

Proposed focus & priority interventions : • Develop small scale aquaculture through access to quality inputs, advice

and skills• Improve management of fisheries resources• Develop public private partnerships in support of infrastructure and

service development • Promote production in the South through sustainable shrimp and prawn

development and community-based co-management of wetland• Additional considerations: Multi sectoral collaboration, involve

community based organizations of farmers and fishers as well as private sectors.

Programme 4: Fisheries and Aquaculture Development

• Expected outcome : Community nutrition improvement is supported by strengthened National Nutrition Services (NNS)

Proposed focus & priority interventions : • CBNP linked to NNS that deliver a package of basic health and nutrition

services/activities including micronutrient supplementation, BCC, antenatal care

• Support community based efforts of homestead gardening, horticulture, small livestock, fisheries and BCC for improved nutrition

• Link long-term with immediate treatment of acute malnutrition in particular through therapeutic and supplementary feeding and BCC focus on maternal and young child nutrition

• Additional considerations: Multi sectoral collaboration, synergies with SUN framework, REACH, Project Laser Beam and MDG –F programme

Programme 10: Community based nutrition programmes and Services

CIP Programme-4: Fishery and aquaculture(Source: NFP PoA & CIP Monitoring Report-2013)• Fishery production continues growing at sustained rates• Fishery share of agricultural GDP expanded as result of faster growth

Indicators 2007/08 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

GDP from fishery sector as % of agriculture GDP (excluding forest), at constant price 1995-1996

24.4% 24.2% 24.2% 24.9%

Annual change in national fish production 5.0% 7.3% 5.7% 6.5%

Sustainably increase aquaculture productivity Implement national breeding plan and law on hatchery managementEnhance research, extension and trainingMinimizing the impact of shrimp culture on soil quality and biodiversity Utilization of roadside canals and ditches for increasing fish productionPromoting rice-fish farming system Reinforce community based fishery management of open water

Poverty and under nutrition trends in Bangladesh

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Poverty headcount Prevalence of Stunting Prevalence of UnderweightPrevalence of Wasting Prevalence of undernourishment (%) PPP GDP per capita (right axis)

Perc

ent

Cons

tant

200

5 in

tern

ation

al d

olla

rs

Quintile H/A % < - 2SD

STUNTING

W/H % < - 2 SD WASTING

W/A % < - 2SD UNDERWEIGHT

Lowest 53.7 17.5 50.3

Second 45.4 16.2 41.6

Middle 40.7 17.7 36.0

Fourth 35.9 13.6 27.5

Highest 25.7 12.1 20.9

Nutritional status of U5 children by wealth quintile in Bangladesh, DHS, 2011

Relative dietary energy contribution (En%) of cereals and rice to Bangladesh diet

Source/Year Energy intake (kcal)

Cereal (g) En %

Rice (g)En %

HIES 2005 2238452

73%

440

68%

HIES 2010 2318442

66%

416

64%

Consumption of total food, cereal and non cereals

1995-96 2000 2005 20100

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

913.8 893.06947.75

999.99

498 475.78 451.72 442.1415.8 417.28

496.03557.89

Total food Cereal Non-cereal

Content of food basket: improving diversity

2005 20100

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Rice

Wheat

Vegetables

Pulses

Oil

Fish

Meat/eggs

Micronutrient deficiency situation

Vit-A def. (%)

Anemia(%) Iron def. (%)

Iodine def.(%)

Zinc def.(%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

5.4

26

7.1

42.1

57.3

20.5

33.1

10.7

40

44.6

Women (NPNL)Pre-school children

Fish and human nutrition

• Highly nutritious, tasty and easily digestible• Source of protein and micronutrients• Rich in bioavailable calcium• Rich in vitamin A, vitamin B Complex, iron, zinc• Marine fish is a good source of iodine and

omega-3 fatty acids• Addition of oil, vegetables and spices in fish

preparation improves dietary diversity and nutritional quality

Nutrient content in some Bangladeshi common fishes (%) (Source: Food Composition Table for Bangladesh 2013, INFS & CARS,DU,MoFood/FAO/EU/USAID)

Fish name in Bengali (English name)

Energy(Kcal)

Protein(gm)

Fat(gm)

Calcium(mg)

Iron(mg)

Phosphorus (mg)

Zinc(mg)

Ilish without bones(Hilsha)

223 18.0 16.8 86 1.3 195 0.54

Sorputi(Barb, olive) 175 17.4 11.7 227 0.6 151 0.74

Mola-eyes included(Mola carplet)

108 17.1 4.4 767 3.8 440 3.19

Chapila(Indian river shad)

106 15.4 4.9 1060 4.8 560 1.97

Tengra (Day’s mystus)-eyes included, combined species

114 18.2 4.6 627 2.8 348 0.77

Tatkini (Stone roller) 97 15.3 3.9 195 2.2 124 1.09

Tilapia (Tilapia without bones)

110 20.8 3.0 19 0.5 350 1.40

Rui (Ruhi from river) 90 16.6 2.7 650 0.5 133 1.01

Shing, without bones (stringing catfish)

101 17.2 3.5 319 2.1 304 0.55

Pangas, without bones 162 15.9 11.0 14 0.1 130 1.85

Ilish(Hilsha)

Sorputi(Barb, olive)

Mola-eyes included

Chapila(Indian river shad)

Tengra-eye included(Day'a mystus)

Tatkini (Stone roller)

Tilapia-without bones

Rui(Ruhi from river)

Shing, without bones(stringing catfish)

Pangas, without bones

0 5 10 15 20 25

18

17.4

17.1

15.4

18.2

15.3

20.8

16.6

17.2

15.9

Protein content in selected fish species (g%)

Protein (gm)

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13(est.

)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

2.44 2.562.7

2.93.06

3.263.39

Production of Fish

Production of Fish(m MT)

Consumption of Fish

1991-92

1995-962000

20052010

Desirable in

take(B

irdem, 2

013)0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

34.543.8 38.5 42.1

49.460

Fish intake(gm)

NUTRITION SENSITIVE AGRICULTURE

Pro-nutrition agricultural interventions “Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar “ project implemented by BRDB, RDCD supports

household based comprehensive food systems Crop Diversification Programme (CDP) implemented by Ministry of Agriculture to

promote non-cereal crop production and consumption through research and extension activities

Provision of credit to women for engagement in subsistence based poultry and livestock farming: 40% of the micro-credit (reached 16 million households) is used for this activity

Pond aquaculture through converting low-lying lands into fish ponds; 12% per year growth over the last decade

Scaling up of HKI piloted homestead food production involving women: covers 4% of the population in 240 of the 466 sub-districts

BRAC organized tenant farmer development project through informal associations ,to provide access to credit and extension; 350,000 tenant farms (one-fourth women) have been organized in 1,600 village associations that meet every month

Conclusion• Integrated agriculture ( including fisheries) and health based

interventions should be scaled up for the improvement of diets and nutrition

• Small and medium scale aquaculture to improve availability, accessibility and utilization of small fish should be encouraged.

• Use of fish should be promoted especially in complementary feeding, diets of pregnant women and adolescent girls apart from household diets.

• Fish production and consumption should be optimized as outlined in the framework of CIP

• Community based management of open water fisheries should be promoted as part of enabling policies.

Thank you