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Institute for the Future, Redesigning Higher Education
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© 2012 IBM Corporation
IBM University Programs World Wide (IBM UP)
IFTF Workshop: Redesigning Higher Education
Dr. Jim Spohrer, [email protected] Champion and Director IBM UPwardUniversity Programs worldwide, accelerating regional developmentMarch 24rd, 2012 (for Institute for the Future – IFTF Workshop)At the IFTF, Palo Alto, CA© IBM 2012
Working Together to Build a Smarter Planet
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Redesigning the Missions of Higher Education in Society
Mission 1: Knowledge conservation– rulers, clergy, soldiers, lawyers, doctors, business practitioners, etc.
Mission 2: Knowledge construction– academics, scientists, etc.
Mission 3: Status competitiveness– prestige jobs roles and institutions
– competition as value-capture in a scarcity-driven world
Mission 4: Regional competitiveness– sustainability/sesilience (local p-supply chains)
– innovativeness (global i-supply chains)
– competition as value-cocreation in an abundance-driven world
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
IBM operates in 170 countries around the globe
IBM has 426,000 employees worldwide
2011 Financials Revenue - $ 106.9B Net Income - $ 15.9B EPS - $ 13.44 Net Cash - $16.6B
22% of IBM’s revenue in Growth Market countries; growing at 11% in 2011
Number 1 in patent generation for 19 consecutive years ; 6,180 US patents awarded in 2011
More than 40% of IBM’s workforce conducts business away from an office
5 Nobel Laureates
9 time winner of the President’s National Medal of Technology & Innovation - latest award for Blue Gene Supercomputer
“Let’s Build a Smarter Planet"
The Smartest Machine On Earth
100 Years of Business & Innovation in 2011
IBM’s Leadership Changes
55% of IBM’s Workforce is New to the company in the last 5 years
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Baseline
12/2007
8/2008
5/2009
10/2009
11/2010
12/2008
PBS Nova (2/9/11): “The Smartest Machine on Earth?”
5/2008
4/2010
Pre
cisi
on
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Universities Collaborate with IBM Research to Design Watson for the Grand Challenge of Jeopardy !
Assisted in the development of the Open Advancement of Question-Answering Initiative (OAQA) architecture and methodology
Pioneered an online natural language question answering system called START, which provided the ability to answer questions with high precision using information from semi-structured and structured information repositories
Worked to extend the capabilities of Watson, with a focus on extensive common sense knowledge
Focused on large-scale information extraction, parsing, and knowledge inference technologies
Worked on a visualization component to visually explain to external audiences the massively parallel analytics skills it takes for the Watson computing system to break down a question and formulate a rapid and accurate response to rival a human brain
Provided technological advancement enabling a computing system to remember the full interaction, rather than treating every question like the first one - simulating a real dialogue
Explored advanced machine learning techniques along with rich text representations based on syntactic and semantic structures for the Watson’s optimization
Worked on information retrieval and text search technologies
http://w3.ibm.com/news/w3news/top_stories/2011/02/chq_watson_wrapup.html
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
IBM University Programs:What We Do: The “6 R’s” (not to be confused with 3 R’s)
1. ResearchResearch awards focus on grand challenge problems and big bets
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/university/research
2. ReadinessAccess to IBM tools, methods, and course materials to develop skills
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/university/academicinitiative
3. RecruitingInternships and full-time positions working to build a smarter planet
http://www.ibm.com/jobs
4. RevenueImprove performance, the university as a complex enterprise (city within city)
http://www.ibm.com/services/us/gbs/bus/html/bcs_education.html
5. ResponsibilityCommunity service provides access to IBMers expertise/resources
http://www.ibm.com/ibm/ibmgives/
6. RegionsRegional innovation ecosystems – incubators, entrepreneurship, jobs
http://www.ibm.com/ibm/governmentalprograms/innovissue.html
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Our Vision: Educational Continuum for Individuals & Institutions
8
Any Device Learning
TECHNOLOGY IMMERSION
PERSONAL LEARNING PATHS
Student-Centered Processes
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS
Learning Communities
GLOBAL INTEGRATION
Services Specialization
ECONOMIC ALIGNMENT
Systemic View of Education
Intelligent• Aligned Data• Outcomes Insight
Instrumented• Student-centric• Integrated Assessment
Interconnected• Shared Services• Interoperable Processes
LLLContinuingEducation
HigherEducation
SecondarySchool
PrimarySchool
Talent:Workforce
Skills
Individual Learning Continuum TheEducationalContinuum
Institutio
ns Learn
ing Contin
uum
Infrastructure:Economics
Sustainability
Individuals(people/talent/disciplines)
Institutions(planet/infrastructure/systems)
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Regional Competitiveness and U-BEEs: Where imagined possible worlds become observable real worldshttp://www.service-science.info/archives/1056
Nation
State/Province
City/Region
UniversityCollege
K-12
Cultural &ConferenceHotels
HospitalMedical
Research
Worker(professional)
Family(household)
For-profits
Non-profits
U-BEEJob Creator/Sustainer
U-BEEs = University-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, City Within City
“The future is already here (at universities),it is just not evenlydistributed.”
“The best way topredict the futureis to (inspire the nextgeneration of studentsto) build it better.”
InnovationsUniversities/RegionsCalculus (Cambridge/UK)Physics (Cambridge/UK)Computer Science (Columbia/NY)Microsoft (Harvard/WA)Yahoo (Stanford/CA)Google (Stanford/CA)Facebook (Harvard/CA)
© 2011IBM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
What improves Quality-of-Life? Service System Innovations
A. Systems that focus on flow of things that humans need (~15%*)1. Transportation & supply chain
2. Water & waste recycling/Climate & Environment
3. Food & products manufacturing
4. Energy & electricity grid/Clean Tech
5. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT access)B. Systems that focus on human activity and development (~70%*)
6. Buildings & construction (smart spaces) (5%*)
7. Retail & hospitality/Media & entertainment/Tourism & sports (23%*)
8. Banking & finance/Business & consulting (wealthy) (21%*)
9. Healthcare & family life (healthy) (10%*)
10. Education & work life/Professions & entrepreneurship (wise) (9%*)C. Systems that focus on human governance - security and opportunity (~15%*)
11. Cities & security for families and professionals (property tax)
12. States/regions & commercial development opportunities/investments (sales tax)
13. Nations/NGOs & citizens rights/rules/incentives/policies/laws (income tax)
20/10/10
0/19/0
2/7/42/1/1
7/6/11/1/0
5/17/27
1/0/2
24/24/1
2/20/247/10/3
5/2/2
3/3/10/0/0
1/2/2
Quality of Life = Quality of Service + Quality of Jobs + Quality of Investment-Opportunities
* = US Labor % in 2009.
“61 Service Design 2010 (Japan) / 75 Service Marketing 2010 (Portugal)/78 Service-Oriented Computing 2010 (US)”
© 2011IBM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Smarter Planet Awards (Sample of 192: See Speaker Notes)
Ttransportation
Wwater
Pproducts
Eenergy
Ccommunication
Bbuildings
Rretail
Ffinance
Hhealth
Eeducation
Ggovernment
US 3 8 3 11 41 2 1 5 7 17
DV 6 4 4 5 18 1 6 5 1 10
EM 4 6 1 3 20 3 2 2 6
SUR 8 8 3 9 2 1 2 4 6
OCR 1 1 15 6 5
FAC 4 7 5 9 35 2 4 3 8 12
PHD 3 27 12
TOTAL 13 18 8 19 79 3 4 8 8 8 24
Column’s Explained in More Detail on Previous Slide
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
What are the benefits of top-ranked universities?% WW GDP and % WW Top-500-Universities
Japan
ChinaGermany
France
United KingdomItaly
Russia SpainBrazilCanada
IndiaMexico AustraliaSouth Korea
NetherlandsTurkey
Sweden
y = 0,7489x + 0,3534R² = 0,719
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
% g
loba
l G
DP
% top 500 universities
Strong Correlation (2009 Data): National GDP and University Rankings
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
What are the benefits of more education? Of higher skills?
…But it can be costly, American student loan debt is over $900M
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
University Programs Worldwide Accelerating Regional DevelopmentUPWARD
“When we combined the impact of Harvard’s direct spending on payroll, purchasing and construction – the indirect impact of University spending – and the direct and indirect impact of off-campus spending by Harvard students – we can estimate that Harvard directly and indirectly accounted for nearly $4.8 billion in economic activity in the Boston area in fiscal year 2008, and more than 44,000 jobs.”
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)15
T-shaped professionalsdepth & breadth
BREADTH
DE
PT
H
Ready for Life-Long-LearningReady for TeamworkReady to Help Build a Smarter Planet
(analytic thinking & problem solving)
Many culturesMany disciplines
Many systems(understanding & communications)
Deep in one d
iscip
line
Deep in one sys
tem
Deep in one cu
lture
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Systems-Disciplines Framework: Depth & BreadthSystems that focus on flows of things Systems that governSystems that support people’s activities
transportation & supply chain water &
waste
food &products
energy & electricity
building & construction
healthcare& family
retail &hospitality banking
& finance
ICT &cloud
education &work
citysecure
statescale
nationlaws
social sciences
behavioral sciences
management sciences
political sciences
learning sciences
cognitive sciences
system sciences
information sciences
organization sciences
decision sciences
run professions
transform professions
innovate professions
e.g., econ & law
e.g., marketing
e.g., operations
e.g., public policy
e.g., game theory and strategy
e.g., psychology
e.g., industrial eng.
e.g., computer sci
e.g., knowledge mgmt
e.g., stats & design
e.g., knowledge worker
e.g., consultant
e.g., entrepreneur
stake
holders Customer
Provider
Authority
Competitors
resources
People
Technology
Information
Organizations
change History
(Data Analytics)
Future(Roadmap)
value
Run
Transform(Copy)
Innovate(Invent)
Observe Stakeholders (As-Is)
Observe Resource Access (As-Is)
Imagine Possibilities (Has-Been & Might-Become)
Realize Value (To-Be)
disciplines
systems
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Investing in Learning: Systems that do, copy, invent
L
Learning SystemsInvestments
Exploitation Exploration
Run Transform Innovate
Operations
Maintenance
Insurance
Incremental
Radical
Super-Radical
Internal
External
Interaction
Copy It
Invent ItDo It
March, J.G. (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organizational Science. 2(1).71-87.Sanford, L.S. (2006) Let go to grow: Escaping the commodity trap. Prentice Hall. New York, NY.
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Sustainability/Resilience & Innovation: Local-p global-i supply chains
World as System of SystemsWorld (light blue - largest)Nations (green - large)States (dark blue - medium)Cities (yellow - small)Universities (red - smallest)
Cities as System of Systems-Transportation & Supply Chain-Water & Waste Recycling-Food & Products ((Nano)-Energy & Electricity-Information/ICT & Cloud (Info)-Buildings & Construction-Retail & Hospitality/Media & Entertainment-Banking & Finance-Healthcare & Family (Bio)-Education & Professions (Cogno)-Government (City, State, Nation)
Nations: Innovation Opportunities- GDP/Capita (level and growth rate)- Energy/Capita (fossil and renewable)
Developed MarketNations
(> $20K GDP/Capita)
Emerging MarketNations
(< $20K GDP/Capita)
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Redesigning the Missions of Higher Education in Society
Mission 1: Knowledge conservation (observed)– rulers, clergy, soldiers, lawyers, doctors, business practitioners, etc.
Mission 2: Knowledge construction (observed)– academics, scientists, etc.
Mission 3: Status competitiveness (observed)– Prestige jobs roles and institutions (rights & responsibilities)
– Competition as value-capture in a scarcity-driven world
Mission 4: Regional competitiveness (observed & imagined)– Sustainability/Resilience (local p-supply chains)
– Innovativeness (global i-supply chains)
– Competition as value-cocreation in an abundance-driven world
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Thank-You! Questions?
Dr. James (“Jim”) C. SpohrerDirector, IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM Upward)[email protected]
“Instrumented, Interconnected, Intelligent – Let’s build a Smarter Planet.” – IBM“If we are going to build a smarter planet, let’s start by building smarter cities” – CityForward.org“Universities are major employers in cities and key to urban sustainability.” – Coalition of USU
“Cities learning from cities learning from cities.” – Fundacion Metropoli“The future is already here… It is just not evenly distributed.” – Gibson
“The best way to predict the future is to create it/invent it.” – Moliere/Kay“Real-world problems may not/refuse to respect discipline boundaries.” – Popper/Spohrer
“Today’s problems may come from yesterday’s solutions.” – Senge“History is a race between education and catastrophe.” – H.G. Wells
“The future is born in universities.” – Kurilov“Think global, act local.” – Geddes
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
A Framework for Global Civil Society
Daniel Patrick Moynihan said nearly 50 years ago: "If you want to build a world class city, build a great university and wait 200 years." His insight is true today – except yesterday's 200 years has become twenty. More than ever, universities will generate and sustain the world’s idea capitals and, as vital creators, incubators, connectors, and channels of thought and understanding, they will provide a framework for global civil society.
– John Sexton, President NYU
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Time
ECOLOGY
14BBig Bang
(NaturalWorld)
10KCities
(Human-MadeWorld)
sun (energy)
writing(symbols and scribes,
stored memoryand knowledge)
earth(molecules &
stored energy)
written laws(governance and
stored control)
bacteria(single-cell life)
sponges(multi-cell life)
money(governed
transportable valuestored value,
“economic energy”)
universities(knowledge workers)
clams (neurons)trilobites (brains)
printing press (books)steam engine (work)200M
bees (socialdivision-of-labor)
60
transistor(routine
cognitive work)
Where is the “Real Science” - wonders to appreciate?In the many sciences that study the natural and human-made worlds…
Unraveling the mystery of evolving hierarchical-complexity in new populations…To discover the world’s architectures and mechanisms for computing non-zero-sum
Entity Architectures (ЄN) of nested, networked Holistic-Product-Service-Systems (HPSS)
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
Service Science: Conceptual Framework
Resources: Individuals, Institutions, Infrastructure, Information Stakeholders: Customers, Providers, Authorities, Competitors Measures: Quality, Productivity, Compliance, Sustainable Innovation Access Rights: Own, Lease, Shared, Privileged
Ecology(Populations & Diversity)
Entities(Service Systems, both Individuals & Institutions)
Interactions(Service Networks,
link, nest, merge, divide)
Outcomes(Value Changes, both
beneficial and non-beneficial)
Value Proposition (Offers & Reconfigurations/
Incentives, Penalties & Risks)
Governance Mechanism (Rules & Constraints/
Incentives, Penalties & Risks)
Access Rights(Relationships of Entities)
Measures(Rankings of Entities)
Resources(Competences, Roles in Processes,
Specialized, Integrated/Holistic)
Stakeholders(Processes of Valuing,
Perspectives, Engagement)
Identity(Aspirations & Lifecycle/
History)
Reputation(Opportunities & Variety/
History)
prefer sustainable non-zero-sum
outcomes,i.e., win-win
win-win
lose-lose win-lose
lose-win
Spohrer, JC (2011) On looking into Vargo and Lusch's concept of generic actors in markets, or“It's all B2B …and beyond!” Industrial Marketing Management, 40(2), 199–201.
© 2012 BM CorporationIBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)