University of Technology

Information and Communication

Technology Centre

Living Online1- Networks and the Internet

2- Electronic Mail

3- Using the Internet

1 -NETWORKS & THE INTERNET IN GENERAL

What is a Network ?Network: a network in simple terms exist

whenever two or more computers are connected together for purpose of sharing resources and information. A network can be as small as two computers in a home or as large as a company that has branches around the world.

Resources

ResourcesLocal Area Network

UserUser

User

Internet

Types of Networks

1. LAN : A Network connecting small to medium number of computers together in a confined area is call a Local Area Network.

2. MAN : A Network connecting computers in a metropolitan area is called a Metropolitan Area Network.

3. WAN : A Network connecting computers over long distances (i.e. between branches or offices in different states) is call a Wide Area Network.

Two popular concepts :

• Internet : A World-Wide super network of computer networks that links computers around the world.

• Intranet : A Network that follows the Internet rules that is used primary within an organization

LAN < MAN < WAN < Internet

Intranet

Extranet

• An extranet uses Internet technology to allow a company to share information with another company or organization

Networking Standards

• Protocol :The “language” spoken between computers to help them exchange information.

Example of this type of protocol1- Ethernet2- hypertext transfer protocol (http).3- TCP/IP (transfer control protocol/Internet protocol).

Types of Networkspeer-to-peer network

client-server networks

Popular server network software systems include:

• Unix• Novell Netware• Microsoft Windows Server

• What is the difference between peer-to-peer and client-server networks

• This type of network provides better performance and security than a peer-to-peer network because the server controls who can access what resources and when. It is also considered a central server as all files used by the company may be stored here for an employee to access from anywhere in the world.

The Network Interface Card (NIC)

• The PC talks to the external world via interface cards. To connect to a network, the PC must have a network interface card (NIC).

• Each NIC has a unique number or address

Types of network hardware

• 1- Hub: used to connect PCs together to form a network.

• 2- Switch: A switch works similar to a hub except that each user connected to the switch has access to the full bandwidth

HUB

User

SWITCH

3-Bridge: A bridge is used to connect these network segments to handle network requests

4-Router: Routers work similar to bridges• Bridges may be faster than routers but as

noted, they will not check the information coming in; the message coming in would be sent to everyone on the network.

5 -Firewall(may be software)

• The firewall can be a physical device or software installed to prevent any unauthorized external access into any network that is connected to the Internet

Benefits of Networking

1. Sharing Resources (both Software and Hardware)

2. Transferring large files without the requirement for using a physical media between computers.

3. Reducing the Cost of implementation and upgrading.

4. Providing high level of control and management.

Using Dedicated Servers

• A dedicated server is a computer that provides a specialized service. like

• 1- Network(A client-server LAN uses a network server to control network traffic and security).

• 2- Web.• 3- Mail.• 4- Database.

Disadvantages of Networking

1- Dependency. 2- Expensive. 3- Security Risk

4- Loss of Autonomy or Privacy

Looking at the Internet

• 1- The Telephone Network

There are only two requirements to communicate successfully: 1) you need to know the number of the other person, and 2) you must speak the same language

Internet

• 2- The Computer Network (Internet)

Any computer connected to the Internet can “talk” to any other computer connected to the Internet provided that: 1) you know the number of the other computer, and 2) the computers speak the same language (called protocol in networking terminology).

Internet

method used to connect to the Internet

1- Modem(used to convert digital information in computer to analog signals for phone)

2- Network Card 3- Cables 4- Internet Account 5- Web Browser 6- Telecommunications Software

Internet Service Providers

• Internet Service Providers (ISP) represent a method of getting relatively inexpensive access to the Internet.

Electronic Mail

• E-mail (Electronic Mail) The most widely used application of the Internet. An Internet user can transfer files and write messages to other users simply by knowing their e-mail address

The Domain Name Format

•.jsmith@ccilearning com

•Mailbox Name Domain Category

Name of Organization

Domain Category

• .mil US military• .gov US government• .com commercial companies• .edu universities• .org organizations• .net network sites

Advantages of using e-mail include:

1- Speed2- Paper Trail3- Sharing Information4- Easy Access5- Collaborating with Others6- Cost Savings

Internal Mail

• Internal mail refers to the process of sending or receiving mail by users who are connected to a local area network (LAN).

Internet E-mail

Microsoft Outlook Express

• Outlook Express is a program primarily used for e-mail and to set up contacts.

• To start Outlook Express, use one of the following methods:

• Click Start, All Programs, Outlook Express.• Double-click on the Outlook Express icon on your

desktop.• Click on the icon from the Quick Launch bar on the

taskbar.

Microsoft Outlook Express

• Outlook Express is a program primarily used for e-mail and to set up contacts.

Outlook Express is available on all Windows-based computers

Microsoft Outlook is part of the Microsoft Office suite of programs

Status Bar

Preview PanePreview Pane

Preview Pane

Title bar Folder list Menu bar toolbar Information viewer

Creating New

To create a new message, use one of the following methods:1- Select File, New and then Mail Message. 2- Click on the button on the Standard toolbar.4- Press ctrl + N . 5- Select Message and then New Message

Receiving Messages

When you want to check if you have received any messages, use one of the following methods:1- Select Tools, Send and Receive and then Send and Receive All.2- Click on the button from the main Outlook Express screen.3- Press ctrl + M or F5.

• Spellcheck• For ward a message • Reply to a Message(to sender , to all)• Attachment( add, open , save) • Contacts(add, edit , delete)

Managing Messages (sort ,mark , flag, save, find , delete, block )

Reply Options• When you have received an e-mail there are

basically three things you can do:• Reply or respond to the sender only• Reply or respond to sender and all those who

received copies• Forward the message to another person

Using the Folder List

the new folder will be placed and then use one of the following methods:

1- Select File, Folder and then New.2- Press Ctrl + shift + E.3- Right-click on the selected folder and then4- click on New Folder.

Looking at the InternetThe Internet is an international wide area computer network.

• Standard components to get connected to the internet:• 1-Modem Or Network card(NIC)• 2-Cables• 3-Internet account • 4-Web browser• 5-telecommunication software

• Note : cellular telephone network does not require physical connection between the user and network for communication

(URL (Uniform Resource Locator

• www.ccilearning.com• Domain Category

• Server Name • Name of Organization

• .mil US military .gov US government• .com commercial companies .edu universities• .org organizations .net network sites

Web Page ElementsURL

Picture

Field

Button

Advertisement

Status Bar

Hyperlink

Adding a Bookmark to Your Favorites List

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

•For example, if you want to view the Netscape web site, the URL would be:

•:// . .http www netscape com•If you want to view Microsoft’s file transfer

server, the URL would be:•:// . .ftp wwwmicrosoft com

Using the Address Field

error message

History

Retrieving Information from a Web Page

1- Using Copy and Paste2- Printing a Web Page3- Downloading Information4- Saving a Web Page

Saving a Web Page

Web Page, complete(*.htm, *.html)

Web Archive, single file(*.mht)

Web Page, HTML only(*.htm, *.html)

Text File (*.txt)

Finding information

• Steps• 1- Guess• 2- Ask• 3- Use a directory• 4- Use a portal site• 5- Simple search with a search engine• 6- Advanced search with a search engine

Narrowing the Search

Using Boolean Terms1- Searching with AND examples: Recipes AND salmon2- Searching with OR examples: Recipes OR salmon3- Searching with NOT example, tennis AND NOT Wimbledon