Prepared By: Jorene Lei Cabrera

Jesselle Calvo

Sharmaine Cagampan

Kayla Evangelista

For a brief history of how the growth of European States started, here is how it goes. We all know that in Europe there were two powers that hold everything.

The first one is the Monarchy, mainly the royalties, kings and queens, and the

other was Religion, which was signified by the church.

For a brief history of how the growth of European States started, here is how it goes. We all know that in Europe there were two powers that hold everything. The first one is the Monarchy, mainly the royalties, kings and queens, and the other was Religion, which was signified by the church. During these times, the monarchy and religion is one of the same. The kings and queens hold religion such as religion hold the monarchy. However, what use was this monarchy and religion hold if they lost one big factor, the people.

During the time of King Louis XVI, there were a lot of

controversies and failures in his leadership. The people

had the feeling of being stagnant and were dissatisfied

with the leadership of the monarchy. Thus this led to a

revolution and execution of King Louis XVI, which ended

the reign of the monarchy. On the other hand, after this

happened, the people were enlightened and had their

use of the knowledge. The characteristics of being open

minded was explored when they were given freedom. A

sense of equality grew and opportunities were

everywhere. And there the growth of European states

started, with knowledge and enlightenment

improvements were evident.

Neo Classicism

From the growth of the European

states, a style emerged from the

people. This is the Neo Classical

Architecture.

“Neo classicism artists do not make dreary reproductions of their creations- be it arts, sculpture or poetry but makes something

new and innovative every time. More than just creating something entirely new,

neoclassicism is a natural expression of a culture with all its elements and the finesse

with which an artist regains the lost elements that might have slipped into the oblivion is what makes a neo classic artist

successful and popular.”

Neo classism was referred to as the antidote to progress and often also called as “Louis XVI style” since it came forth during and after his reign. Neo classism aimed to regain for art and design a purity of form and expression which felt like lacking in the Rococo style. They rejected the spirited and rich ornament of Baroque style. Neo classism believed that the golden age of progress and knowledge as from the age of Romans which ad peace, progression and harmony. Thus they return to it. Back to basics with purity and simplicity.

Madeleine, France

Neoclassical structure are

characterized by their walls

rather than the decoration of it.

Its emphasis is on the planar

characteristics and the building

itself is symmetrical.

Archeologists recognize five periods of European prehistory:

The

Palaeolithic

or Old Stone

Age

The

Mesolithic or

Middle Stone

Age

The time between the end of most recent period of glaciation (c. 10000 BC) and the beginnings of

agriculture.

The Neolithic

or New Stone

Age

(c.6800-2500 BC) that is the period from the

beginning of agriculture to the widespread use of

metal tools.

The Bronze

Age (c. 2500-

1250)

Iron Age

(c.1250 to

AD 1)

The geography of Europe was profoundly

different during the Paleolithic period

which coincides with the Pleistocene or

most recent geological period.

The Prehistoric periodsThe sophistication and

complexity of societies in the Palaeolithic period were

reflected in the early revolution of large scale

relatively permanent buildings with cache pits for specific

activities. During the Mesolithic period, population

densities increased throughout Europe but the sizes of local

groups contracted.

Rome had gradually assumed the leadership of a league of Latin Settlements banded together for mutual defence which gave way to Roman

dominance.

The Rise of Republic Rome

The Growth in importance of the New Rome in the East – Constantinople –and it’s eventual, almost complete

supplanting of Rome itself can hardly have been foreseen by Constantine.

The Eastern empire from

Theodosius to Justinian

King Constantine the Great

Constantinople, Rome

In order to take up the historical strands related to the burgeoning influence of the western

(Roman) Christian church and with it the development of the Romanesque style, it is

necessary to move back in time from the period during which Byzantine political power was

eclipsed to that of decline of the Western Roman empire which led to the rise of the independent

states and nations of Europe.

In spite of the Intervening Alps, commercial and cultural contract between northern Italy

and northern Europe was very lively. The inroads made by the Goths into the north

Italian plains during the fifth century led to the gradual rise of VENICE.

ITALY

The eleventh century if France was marked by a widespread desire to

withdraw from the world and embrace monastic life; this resulted in the foundation of many religious

houses which gave an impulse to architecture and fostered art and

learning.

FRANCE

As early as the sixth century the bishops of Central Europe were conspicuous in

promoting church building. Charlemagne ruled over central Germany and northern

France and established dominion over southern France. He restored civilization in great measure to western Europe and

was a patron for Architecture.

Central Europe

Venice, Italy

Dresden Central Germany

South France

Spain

Another outstanding feature of Spanish History during this period is

the connection of Spain not only with France, its neighbour but also with

England through royal marriages with Italy through papal supervision and

the quarrels with Angevins in Naples and Sicily.

Spain and Portugal

The political and historical

background in France where the

Gothic Style originated in the Ile

de France is still significant.

The Etruscans

The Later Roman Empire

Constantinople and the Byzantine

Empire

Early medieval culture

Pilgrimages were much practised form of religious devotion during the Middle Ages. Christian fervour inspired thousands to travel to the innumerable shrines and holy places throughout

Europe.

St. Martin Tours (begun after 997, demolished at the time of the French

Revolution St. Foi at Conques(c.1050-c.1130)

S. Sernin at Toulouse (1077-

1119)

The main pilgrimage churches are:

Santiago De Compostela (1078 -

1122)